Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-72-81
R. Kondrat, О. Kondrat, L. Khaidarova, N. Hedzyk
The development of gas deposits at the final stage is usually complicated by watering production wells. With the advent of water in the formation product, the gas production rate decreases due to the decrease in the gas-saturated thickness of the reservoirs and the increase in pressure loss during movement of the liquid-gas mixture in the wellbore and flow lines as compared to the movement of gas only. Well operation is gradually becoming unstable, periodic with the subsequent cessation of natural flowing. The methods of operation of flooded wells are characterized. The use of the gas-lift method for the operation of flooded gas wells in depleted gas fields is justified. The effect of tubing diameter, wellhead pressure and water factor on the parameters of gas-lift operation of flooded wells is investigated. The research is carried out using the improved technique proposed by the authors and the PipeSim program for hypothetical (simulated) well conditions. The studies performed are presented in the form of graphical dependences of the production rate of reservoir gas, the minimum required gas production rate for the liquid to be taken from the bottom of the well to the surface, lift gas flow rate and bottomhole pressure on wellhead pressure, diameter of tubing and water factor. The research results indicate a significant coincidence of the values of the calculated parameters of the gas-lift operation of the watered well according to the proposed methods and the PipeSim program. Using the research results, it is possible to select the optimal diameter of the tubing string and evaluate the value of formation gas flow rate and gas-lift flow rates for various values of water factor and wellhead pressure.
{"title":"The Influence of Determining Factors on the Parameters of Gas-lift Operation of Flooded Gas Wells","authors":"R. Kondrat, О. Kondrat, L. Khaidarova, N. Hedzyk","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-72-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-72-81","url":null,"abstract":"The development of gas deposits at the final stage is usually complicated by watering production wells. With the advent of water in the formation product, the gas production rate decreases due to the decrease in the gas-saturated thickness of the reservoirs and the increase in pressure loss during movement of the liquid-gas mixture in the wellbore and flow lines as compared to the movement of gas only. Well operation is gradually becoming unstable, periodic with the subsequent cessation of natural flowing. The methods of operation of flooded wells are characterized. The use of the gas-lift method for the operation of flooded gas wells in depleted gas fields is justified. The effect of tubing diameter, wellhead pressure and water factor on the parameters of gas-lift operation of flooded wells is investigated. The research is carried out using the improved technique proposed by the authors and the PipeSim program for hypothetical (simulated) well conditions. The studies performed are presented in the form of graphical dependences of the production rate of reservoir gas, the minimum required gas production rate for the liquid to be taken from the bottom of the well to the surface, lift gas flow rate and bottomhole pressure on wellhead pressure, diameter of tubing and water factor. The research results indicate a significant coincidence of the values of the calculated parameters of the gas-lift operation of the watered well according to the proposed methods and the PipeSim program. Using the research results, it is possible to select the optimal diameter of the tubing string and evaluate the value of formation gas flow rate and gas-lift flow rates for various values of water factor and wellhead pressure.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134496125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-96-105
І. О. Fedak, Ya. М. Koval
The quality of an oil and gas field development project depends greatly on the accuracy of forecasting the processes that occur in the pore space of reservoirs during the extraction of hydrocarbons under certain technolo-gical conditions in production wells. The forecasting is possible if there is a geological model of the field. The more detailed the model is, the more accurate the prediction will be. The whole amount of information used to create a geological model of a field is of discrete nature, and its level of detail is determined by the number of wells that have discovered pay formations. One of the most important elements of the geological model is the nature of changes in reservoir properties of productive formations along their stretch and perpendicular to bedding. The creation of elements of this type requires information from laboratory studies of core material, interpretation of the wells logging results and methods for predicting the nature of changes in reservoir properties in the interwell space. The presence of these elements makes it possible to investigate the situation in which sedimentation (within the existing wells) took place and what types of facies the geological sections of the drilled producing intervals correspond to. Lithofacial zoning of the productive formation according to this information makes it possible to trace the regularities of distribution of facies of various types, to establish their mutual location, and accordingly to predict the nature of changes in reservoir properties in the interwell space. The lack of a sufficient amount of core material is a typical problem that makes it difficult to identify facies. There is another way to solve this problem – this is the identification of facies according to the morphology of logging curves. Nowadays, this problem is solved at a qualitative level. In this paper, it is proposed to apply a quantitative method for identifying facies using an artificial neural network. In particular, the morphology of curves is formalized by a number of parameters that form the input vector of an artificial neural network. At the output of the network, the clusters of logging curves with a similar morpho-logy are formed. The authors refer these clusters to a certain type of facies analytically. On the basis of the information obtained, lithofacial zoning of the productive formations is carried out.
{"title":"Lithofacial Zoning of Producing Horizons of Oil and Gas Fields Using Artificial Neural","authors":"І. О. Fedak, Ya. М. Koval","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-96-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-96-105","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of an oil and gas field development project depends greatly on the accuracy of forecasting the processes that occur in the pore space of reservoirs during the extraction of hydrocarbons under certain technolo-gical conditions in production wells. The forecasting is possible if there is a geological model of the field. The more detailed the model is, the more accurate the prediction will be. The whole amount of information used to create a geological model of a field is of discrete nature, and its level of detail is determined by the number of wells that have discovered pay formations. One of the most important elements of the geological model is the nature of changes in reservoir properties of productive formations along their stretch and perpendicular to bedding. The creation of elements of this type requires information from laboratory studies of core material, interpretation of the wells logging results and methods for predicting the nature of changes in reservoir properties in the interwell space. The presence of these elements makes it possible to investigate the situation in which sedimentation (within the existing wells) took place and what types of facies the geological sections of the drilled producing intervals correspond to. Lithofacial zoning of the productive formation according to this information makes it possible to trace the regularities of distribution of facies of various types, to establish their mutual location, and accordingly to predict the nature of changes in reservoir properties in the interwell space. The lack of a sufficient amount of core material is a typical problem that makes it difficult to identify facies. There is another way to solve this problem – this is the identification of facies according to the morphology of logging curves. Nowadays, this problem is solved at a qualitative level. In this paper, it is proposed to apply a quantitative method for identifying facies using an artificial neural network. In particular, the morphology of curves is formalized by a number of parameters that form the input vector of an artificial neural network. At the output of the network, the clusters of logging curves with a similar morpho-logy are formed. The authors refer these clusters to a certain type of facies analytically. On the basis of the information obtained, lithofacial zoning of the productive formations is carried out.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130964120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-7-17
Ya. Doroshenko
The influence of diameter, bending angle and bending radius of gas pipelines bends on the location and extent of their erosion wear is investigated. The research is carried out with the help of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation using the Lagrangian approach (Discrete Phase Model) in the ANSYS Fluent R19.2 Academic software. The mathematical model of the continuous-phase motion is based on the solution of simultaneous Navier-Stokes equations, the continuity of closed two-parameter k-ε model turbulence with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The motion trajectories of the dispersed phases are monitored by integrating the equations of forces acting on the particles. The simulation of erosion wear of the gas pipeline bends is performed using Finney equation. The investigations are carried out for five different external diameters of the pipeline bends (89 mm, 219 mm, 530 mm, 1020 mm and 1420 mm). The angles of the bends are 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, and the bend radii are DN, 1.5 DN, 2 DN, 2.5 DN, and 3.5 DN. Natural gas was selected as the continuous phase, and sand was selected as the dispersed phase. The flow rate of the disperse phase, the motion velocity of the dispersed and continuous phases at the inlet of the bend and the pressure at the outlet of every simulated bends are assumed to be the same. The simulation results are visualized in the ANSYS Fluent postprocessor by constructing erosion velocity rate fields on the contours of gas pipeline bends. On the basis of the visualized results, it is determined that the largest influence on the location of the erosion wear of the pipeline bends is caused by the bend radius, and the largest effect on the amount of the erosion wear is caused by bend diameter. The influence of the geometric parameters of the bends on the location of their maximum erosion wear field is established. Graphical dependences of maximum velocity of erosion wear of gas pipeline bends on their geometric parameters are constructed.
{"title":"The Effect of Geometric Parameters of Gas Pipeline Bends on Internal Pipe Erosion Processes","authors":"Ya. Doroshenko","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-7-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-7-17","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of diameter, bending angle and bending radius of gas pipelines bends on the location and extent of their erosion wear is investigated. The research is carried out with the help of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation using the Lagrangian approach (Discrete Phase Model) in the ANSYS Fluent R19.2 Academic software. The mathematical model of the continuous-phase motion is based on the solution of simultaneous Navier-Stokes equations, the continuity of closed two-parameter k-ε model turbulence with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The motion trajectories of the dispersed phases are monitored by integrating the equations of forces acting on the particles. The simulation of erosion wear of the gas pipeline bends is performed using Finney equation. The investigations are carried out for five different external diameters of the pipeline bends (89 mm, 219 mm, 530 mm, 1020 mm and 1420 mm). The angles of the bends are 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, and the bend radii are DN, 1.5 DN, 2 DN, 2.5 DN, and 3.5 DN. Natural gas was selected as the continuous phase, and sand was selected as the dispersed phase. The flow rate of the disperse phase, the motion velocity of the dispersed and continuous phases at the inlet of the bend and the pressure at the outlet of every simulated bends are assumed to be the same. The simulation results are visualized in the ANSYS Fluent postprocessor by constructing erosion velocity rate fields on the contours of gas pipeline bends. On the basis of the visualized results, it is determined that the largest influence on the location of the erosion wear of the pipeline bends is caused by the bend radius, and the largest effect on the amount of the erosion wear is caused by bend diameter. The influence of the geometric parameters of the bends on the location of their maximum erosion wear field is established. Graphical dependences of maximum velocity of erosion wear of gas pipeline bends on their geometric parameters are constructed.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-36-44
Ye. I. Kryzhanivskyi, D. Panevnyk
The article presents the sequence of deriving the equations which characterize the hydraulic system of jet pumps that carry out suction and injection-suction bottom flushing while drilling the production wells. The nature of flow distribution in the borehole ejection systems of the suction and injection-suction types is analyzed. The analysis is carried out taking into consideration the peculiarities of the calculation of branched hydraulic systems. While studying the movement of the flows in the bottom circulation circuits, the authors take into account the equation of the balance of the flow-rate at nodal points and hydraulic losses in parallel parts of the system. The developed mathematical models are based on the study of the changes in hydrodynamic pressures which occur in characteristic sections of a jet pump. The pressure ratio of mixed, injected and operating flows is presented as non-dimensional relative pressure of the ejection system. The dependence of non-dimensional relative pressure on the relative flow rate determines the characteristic of the hydraulic system of a jet pump. The relative flow rate or injection ratio of a jet pump is defined as the ratio of flow rate to injected and work flow. While analyzing the developed mathematical models, the authors specify the relation between the design and operating parameters of a jet pump. These parameters ensure its operation with maximum efficiency. Based on the study of the influence of the correlation between the diameters of the jet pump nozzles and the flushing system of the bit, the authors specify parameters which are optimal in terms of energy performance. The article provides the example of graphical determination of the operating point of a pumping unit. This determination is based on a simultaneous solution of the equations of the characteristics of the jet pump and the hydraulic system in which it operates. The improved techniques allow to predict the mode parameters of ejection systems and to determine the size of flowing part of the jet pump. They provide maximum energy performance of its workflow.
{"title":"The Improvement of the Mathematical Model of the Work Process of Borehole Ejection Systems","authors":"Ye. I. Kryzhanivskyi, D. Panevnyk","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-36-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-36-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the sequence of deriving the equations which characterize the hydraulic system of jet pumps that carry out suction and injection-suction bottom flushing while drilling the production wells. The nature of flow distribution in the borehole ejection systems of the suction and injection-suction types is analyzed. The analysis is carried out taking into consideration the peculiarities of the calculation of branched hydraulic systems. While studying the movement of the flows in the bottom circulation circuits, the authors take into account the equation of the balance of the flow-rate at nodal points and hydraulic losses in parallel parts of the system. The developed mathematical models are based on the study of the changes in hydrodynamic pressures which occur in characteristic sections of a jet pump. The pressure ratio of mixed, injected and operating flows is presented as non-dimensional relative pressure of the ejection system. The dependence of non-dimensional relative pressure on the relative flow rate determines the characteristic of the hydraulic system of a jet pump. The relative flow rate or injection ratio of a jet pump is defined as the ratio of flow rate to injected and work flow. While analyzing the developed mathematical models, the authors specify the relation between the design and operating parameters of a jet pump. These parameters ensure its operation with maximum efficiency. Based on the study of the influence of the correlation between the diameters of the jet pump nozzles and the flushing system of the bit, the authors specify parameters which are optimal in terms of energy performance. The article provides the example of graphical determination of the operating point of a pumping unit. This determination is based on a simultaneous solution of the equations of the characteristics of the jet pump and the hydraulic system in which it operates. The improved techniques allow to predict the mode parameters of ejection systems and to determine the size of flowing part of the jet pump. They provide maximum energy performance of its workflow.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-26-35
V. Bolonnyi
The characteristics of Ukrainian oil transportation system are presented; the emergency risks of Ukrainian oil pipelines are established. The analysis of the accident rate of oil pipeline transportation in Ukraine, Russia and the USA was carried out. The processes of initiation and progression of man-made emergencies in Ukraine during the oil pipelines operation are considered. The article presents the technique of specifying the incidental pressure in a pipeline, depending on the amount of oil loss at the site of oil leaks. It gives an opportunity to calculate the amount of oil loss and to evaluate the environmental hazards caused by oil pipeline transportation emergencies. It is based on the equations of motion and continuity of fluid flow. This technique makes it possible to calculate the pressure at each point of a pipeline in transient mode caused by changes in pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section and the emergence of concentrated oil offtake. It also gives an opportunity to monitor the change in mode parameters along the pipeline under conditions of pipeline depressurization. Maximum discrepancy in calculation results becomes typical when the range of fluctuations is maximal. It has been established that discrepancy increases when the distance from the source of perturbation becomes bigger. The discrepancy in calculation results is practically non-existent for the pressure fluctuations at the point of perturbation start (). Based on the results of calculations, the author constructs a graph of pressure change of the oscillatory process in the oil pipeline caused by the jump in the pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section, and the presence of probable leaks at the certain point of the pipeline route. The line section of the main oil pipelines is the most dangerous part since all emergencies are associated with emergency processes of different intensity in the form of outflow of oil into the environment, and are dangerous because of system breakdowns can take place. Both the process of the generation of the oil pollution zone and its time period depend on the amount of oil leakage, its intensity and depth of the oil pipeline.
{"title":"Modification of Mode Parameters of Main Oil Pipelines under the Condition of Depressurizing","authors":"V. Bolonnyi","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-1(74)-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of Ukrainian oil transportation system are presented; the emergency risks of Ukrainian oil pipelines are established. The analysis of the accident rate of oil pipeline transportation in Ukraine, Russia and the USA was carried out. The processes of initiation and progression of man-made emergencies in Ukraine during the oil pipelines operation are considered. The article presents the technique of specifying the incidental pressure in a pipeline, depending on the amount of oil loss at the site of oil leaks. It gives an opportunity to calculate the amount of oil loss and to evaluate the environmental hazards caused by oil pipeline transportation emergencies. It is based on the equations of motion and continuity of fluid flow. This technique makes it possible to calculate the pressure at each point of a pipeline in transient mode caused by changes in pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section and the emergence of concentrated oil offtake. It also gives an opportunity to monitor the change in mode parameters along the pipeline under conditions of pipeline depressurization. Maximum discrepancy in calculation results becomes typical when the range of fluctuations is maximal. It has been established that discrepancy increases when the distance from the source of perturbation becomes bigger. The discrepancy in calculation results is practically non-existent for the pressure fluctuations at the point of perturbation start (). Based on the results of calculations, the author constructs a graph of pressure change of the oscillatory process in the oil pipeline caused by the jump in the pressure at the beginning and at the end of the section, and the presence of probable leaks at the certain point of the pipeline route. The line section of the main oil pipelines is the most dangerous part since all emergencies are associated with emergency processes of different intensity in the form of outflow of oil into the environment, and are dangerous because of system breakdowns can take place. Both the process of the generation of the oil pollution zone and its time period depend on the amount of oil leakage, its intensity and depth of the oil pipeline.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129232855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-83-92
T. Yatsyshyn
Aiming at improving the eco-efficiency of the oil and gas industry, the author suggests the use of life cycle assessment methodology to study oil and gas production facilities as illustrated by the oil-and-gas well. The peculiarities of the research object are the complexity of technological processes and equipment and the multifactorial effects on the environment. The basic principles of the methodology of life cycle assessment have been analyzed. The author specifies the boundaries of the investigated system which includes all stages of the life cycle of an oil-and-gas well: site preparation, rigging up, well drilling, testing, rigging down, assembly of production equipment, well development, well operation, closing-in, well decommissioning. The inventory of single processes of the production system was carried out. It gives a possibility to identify incoming and outgoing elementary flows at each stage. The histograms to determine the power and diversity of incoming and outgoing flows have been built. The approximate duration of each stage is given. This duration makes it possible to estimate the exposure time of single processes and to identify the potential effects on the environment. The most resource-consuming stages have been established. They are drilling, rigging up, rigging down, and decommissioning of wells. Based on to the results of analytical studies of the outgoing flows, the stages with the greatest diversity and flow capacity are established. The potential risk of hazardous environmental emergencies during the life cycle of the investigated facility is determined. The obtained data give a possibility to start researching those processes and / or equipment with which there is intense movement of flows with significant effects on the environment, as well as to develop innovative technical solutions and improve technological processes to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The conducted research determines a number of advantages of the life cycle assessment methodology for improving the indicators of eco-efficiency. The advantages include a systematic study of the effects of the activities, the multivariate analysis, the identification of the potential for the reduction of impacts and constant improvement throughout the life cycle.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool of Eco-Efficiency of Oil And Gas Production Facilities","authors":"T. Yatsyshyn","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-83-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-83-92","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at improving the eco-efficiency of the oil and gas industry, the author suggests the use of life cycle assessment methodology to study oil and gas production facilities as illustrated by the oil-and-gas well. The peculiarities of the research object are the complexity of technological processes and equipment and the multifactorial effects on the environment. The basic principles of the methodology of life cycle assessment have been analyzed. The author specifies the boundaries of the investigated system which includes all stages of the life cycle of an oil-and-gas well: site preparation, rigging up, well drilling, testing, rigging down, assembly of production equipment, well development, well operation, closing-in, well decommissioning. The inventory of single processes of the production system was carried out. It gives a possibility to identify incoming and outgoing elementary flows at each stage. The histograms to determine the power and diversity of incoming and outgoing flows have been built. The approximate duration of each stage is given. This duration makes it possible to estimate the exposure time of single processes and to identify the potential effects on the environment. The most resource-consuming stages have been established. They are drilling, rigging up, rigging down, and decommissioning of wells. Based on to the results of analytical studies of the outgoing flows, the stages with the greatest diversity and flow capacity are established. The potential risk of hazardous environmental emergencies during the life cycle of the investigated facility is determined. The obtained data give a possibility to start researching those processes and / or equipment with which there is intense movement of flows with significant effects on the environment, as well as to develop innovative technical solutions and improve technological processes to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The conducted research determines a number of advantages of the life cycle assessment methodology for improving the indicators of eco-efficiency. The advantages include a systematic study of the effects of the activities, the multivariate analysis, the identification of the potential for the reduction of impacts and constant improvement throughout the life cycle.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127377142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-7-18
Ye. I. Kryzhanivskyy, D. G. Chornopyskyy, І. I. Paliichuk
Directional drilling of complementary holes in a cased well is an effective method of restoring decommissioned, emergency and abandoned wells. It enables the possibility to save on drilling new oil and gas wells. Today, sidetracking is considered to be the most efficient technology which makes use of milling casing window. Cutting into the column wall is a very important process. The milling cutter makes a slot-like hole in it due to the force response of the wedge deflection device in the casing. The upper part of the hole becomes elliptical with a smooth contour due to the small angle of the wedge during the axial moving of the tool. At the same time, the lower edge of the hole is straight and forms right angles with its side edges. The vertices of these angles create a stress concentration in the wall, weakened by the hole, under the condition that a significant tensile force of its own weight acts on the casing. These stresses reach their maximum values in those pipe cross-sections where the window width becomes maximum (design), and their area is the smallest one. The topicality and novelty of the solved problem lie in studying the stress-deformed state of the casing pipe under tension while cutting a window, close to a rectangular shape, in its wall, as well as in calculating the maximum stresses that arise around the right angles of the hole. These solutions make it possible to specify stress concentration factors depending on the geometrical parameters of the hole, and thereby ensure the development of engineering methods for designing a trouble-free process for window cutting in casing pipes. The operating results are as follows: a developed mathematical model of a nonaxisymmetric stress state that occurs during tension-compression of a cylindrical shell with rectangular holes, for which the analytical methods of calculating the stress-strain state of non-thin shells with non-canonical stress concentrators have been used, and theoretical and experimental studies of the stress concentration in the walls of this shell.
{"title":"Stress Concentration in the Casing when Cutting Holes for the Sidetracks","authors":"Ye. I. Kryzhanivskyy, D. G. Chornopyskyy, І. I. Paliichuk","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-7-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-7-18","url":null,"abstract":"Directional drilling of complementary holes in a cased well is an effective method of restoring decommissioned, emergency and abandoned wells. It enables the possibility to save on drilling new oil and gas wells. Today, sidetracking is considered to be the most efficient technology which makes use of milling casing window. Cutting into the column wall is a very important process. The milling cutter makes a slot-like hole in it due to the force response of the wedge deflection device in the casing. The upper part of the hole becomes elliptical with a smooth contour due to the small angle of the wedge during the axial moving of the tool. At the same time, the lower edge of the hole is straight and forms right angles with its side edges. The vertices of these angles create a stress concentration in the wall, weakened by the hole, under the condition that a significant tensile force of its own weight acts on the casing. These stresses reach their maximum values in those pipe cross-sections where the window width becomes maximum (design), and their area is the smallest one. The topicality and novelty of the solved problem lie in studying the stress-deformed state of the casing pipe under tension while cutting a window, close to a rectangular shape, in its wall, as well as in calculating the maximum stresses that arise around the right angles of the hole. These solutions make it possible to specify stress concentration factors depending on the geometrical parameters of the hole, and thereby ensure the development of engineering methods for designing a trouble-free process for window cutting in casing pipes. The operating results are as follows: a developed mathematical model of a nonaxisymmetric stress state that occurs during tension-compression of a cylindrical shell with rectangular holes, for which the analytical methods of calculating the stress-strain state of non-thin shells with non-canonical stress concentrators have been used, and theoretical and experimental studies of the stress concentration in the walls of this shell.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117104279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-32-41
I. Chudyk, Ya. М. Femіak, A. Riznychuk, I. Vaško, L. Yurych
Oil and gas account for 60% of the energy balance of Ukraine. These energy carriers have received the greatest public attention in recent years. The supply of fuel resources and their price level have a significant impact on the living standards of the population, considering that in Ukraine the consumption of natural gas alone makes up about 41% of all energy consumed, which is almost twice the European average. According to the Energy Strategy, the annual use of natural gas in Ukraine should be reduced to 49.5 billion m3 by 2030. The dynamics of natural gas consumption in Ukraine shows that the total annual needs for this type of fuel will remain at the level of 70-75 billion m3 for several years. This is due primarily to the adaptability of industry and utilities to the use of natural gas. Their conversion to consuming other fuels requires both long time and considerable costs. Historically, energy traditions also contributed to this. Ukraine was one of the first in the world to start producing oil and gas. In the 1920s, the first gas pipelines from Precarpathia carried the energy of life to Lviv, and later to Kyiv and Moscow. Thanks to the discovery of new fields and the use of efficient technologies, the maximum production of natural gas in Ukraine - over 68 billion m3 per year - was reached in the 1970s. At that time, the gas industry of Ukraine, in addition to its own needs, provided gas to Belarus, Moldova, partly to Russia and the Baltic republics. At present, Ukraine supplies only 25% of its own gas. It is possible to increase the production of own gas in Ukraine by developing of shale deposits. Their development requires the drilling of inclined and horizontal wells. The main complication which occurs when drilling such wells in clay deposits is a integrity damage of their wellbore. To prevent this, various methods are often used in order to increase the mechanical strength of the rocks that make up the walls of the wells and to increase their water resistance. It is suggested to inject fuel-bitumen fluid into the rock. Its effectiveness has been studied under thermobaric conditions on rock models and core samples. These conditions were simulated using the designed laboratory facility. The efficiency of the fuel-bitumen fluid use is due to the speed of its filtration, which is determined by the size and number of pores and cracks in which it occurs. Therefore, it is advisable to inject the fuel-bitumen fluid into clay rocks to strengthen the well walls.
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Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-58-68
Y. M. Kochkodan, A. Vaško
The article presents the main factors affecting the buckling when drilling vertical wells. The authors study analytically the effect of the weight on the bit and the force of the interaction of a drill string with a borehole wall using a uniform-sized arrangement of the bottom-hole assembly and the borehole wall which is located in a deviated wellbore when drilling in isotropic rocks in case the drilling direction coincides with the direction of the force acting on the bit. Differential equations of the elastic axis of the drill string are worked out. The solutions of these equations have given nondimensional dependences between the technological parameters. The authors have obtained the graphical dependences of the distance from the bit to the “drill string - borehole wall” contact point and the normal reaction of the bottom to the bit and the “drill string - borehole wall” clearance. The dependence for identifying the drilling anisotropy index in oblique beds is obtained. An interrelation between the anisotropy drilling index, the zenith angle, the bedding angle, the bottom-hole assembly, the borehole dimensions and the axial weight on the bit has been established. The authors have studied analytically the effect of the weight on the bit and the force of the “drill string - borehole wall” interaction, when installing the centralizer to the bottom-hole assembly. The differential equations of the elastic axis of the drill string with the centralizer in the bottom-hole assembly are obtained. It is established that with the increase in the axial weight on the bit and the “drill collars - borehole wall” clearance, the distance from the bit to the contact point of the borehole wall decreases; whereas with the increase of the deviation angle and the clearance, the pressure force of the column on the walls increases. It has also been established that the anisotropy drilling index reduces the distance from the bit to the point contact both in a slick BHA and in the bottom hole assembly with the centralizer. The presence of a centralizer in the bottom hole assembly increases the distance from the bit to the contact point between the string and the borehole wall, makes it possible to increase the weight on the bit without the risk of increasing a deviation angle.
{"title":"The Study of the Interaction of Different Arrangements of the Bottom-Hole Assembly with the Bottomhole and the Borehole Wall","authors":"Y. M. Kochkodan, A. Vaško","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-58-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-58-68","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main factors affecting the buckling when drilling vertical wells. The authors study analytically the effect of the weight on the bit and the force of the interaction of a drill string with a borehole wall using a uniform-sized arrangement of the bottom-hole assembly and the borehole wall which is located in a deviated wellbore when drilling in isotropic rocks in case the drilling direction coincides with the direction of the force acting on the bit. Differential equations of the elastic axis of the drill string are worked out. The solutions of these equations have given nondimensional dependences between the technological parameters. The authors have obtained the graphical dependences of the distance from the bit to the “drill string - borehole wall” contact point and the normal reaction of the bottom to the bit and the “drill string - borehole wall” clearance. The dependence for identifying the drilling anisotropy index in oblique beds is obtained. An interrelation between the anisotropy drilling index, the zenith angle, the bedding angle, the bottom-hole assembly, the borehole dimensions and the axial weight on the bit has been established. The authors have studied analytically the effect of the weight on the bit and the force of the “drill string - borehole wall” interaction, when installing the centralizer to the bottom-hole assembly. The differential equations of the elastic axis of the drill string with the centralizer in the bottom-hole assembly are obtained. It is established that with the increase in the axial weight on the bit and the “drill collars - borehole wall” clearance, the distance from the bit to the contact point of the borehole wall decreases; whereas with the increase of the deviation angle and the clearance, the pressure force of the column on the walls increases. It has also been established that the anisotropy drilling index reduces the distance from the bit to the point contact both in a slick BHA and in the bottom hole assembly with the centralizer. The presence of a centralizer in the bottom hole assembly increases the distance from the bit to the contact point between the string and the borehole wall, makes it possible to increase the weight on the bit without the risk of increasing a deviation angle.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125810939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-76-82
M. M. Orfanova
The need to improve the technological processes of raw fuel resources processing, to search for new technologies and to involve oil and gas waste production wastes as anthropogenic resources becomes urgent. The main directions of using the effects of the mechanical activation of substances in the technological processes of oil and gas production are analyzed. A brief description of the method of mechanical activation is provided. The prospect of using the method of mechanical activation to solve the problem of waste disposal is shown. The author analyzes the main directions of mechanical activation influence used for changing the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and considers the possibilities of mechanical activation of a substance as an efficient way for accelerating the mechano-chemical processes that occur in hydrocarbons due to intense mechanical loads. The article generalizes the research results concerning the effect of mechanical activation on changes in the physical-chemical properties of oil, fuel oil, bottoms and sludge. The results of using mechanical activation for the preparation of plug-back mixtures based on silica sand and quartziferous waste are summarized. The laboratory research was carried out at a centrifugal-planetary mill. It is established that under the conditions of mechanical activation of hydrocarbons their destruction occurs. The process of transformations is a chain nature. The areas of mechanical and chemical transformations, change of fraction content in residual fuel oil, bottom products, and natural gasoline have been investigated. It has been established that destruction of hydrocarbon fractions takes place. The author demonstrates that processing modes, time and mechanical loads affect the course of hydrocarbon destruction, and its results depend on the type of substance. The researcher proves that it is promising to use the method of mechanical activation to control the properties of mineral flour obtained on the basis of oil sludge. The results of the research indicate clearly that it is possible to get different volume of the light cuts yield by regulating the modes of hydrocarbons processing. The author shows the possibility of increasing the depth of oil refining, as well as the possibility of obtaining a cement mixture with the addition of up to 30% of mechanically activated quartziferous additive without deteriorating the characteristics of cement stone achieved. The method of mechanical activation is promising for the utilization of the wastes of oil and gas complex, as these wastes can be considered the anthropogenic raw materials.
{"title":"The Prospects of Using the Mechanical Activation Method in the Technological Processes of Oil and Gas Production","authors":"M. M. Orfanova","doi":"10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-76-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2019-3(72)-76-82","url":null,"abstract":"The need to improve the technological processes of raw fuel resources processing, to search for new technologies and to involve oil and gas waste production wastes as anthropogenic resources becomes urgent. The main directions of using the effects of the mechanical activation of substances in the technological processes of oil and gas production are analyzed. A brief description of the method of mechanical activation is provided. The prospect of using the method of mechanical activation to solve the problem of waste disposal is shown. The author analyzes the main directions of mechanical activation influence used for changing the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and considers the possibilities of mechanical activation of a substance as an efficient way for accelerating the mechano-chemical processes that occur in hydrocarbons due to intense mechanical loads. The article generalizes the research results concerning the effect of mechanical activation on changes in the physical-chemical properties of oil, fuel oil, bottoms and sludge. The results of using mechanical activation for the preparation of plug-back mixtures based on silica sand and quartziferous waste are summarized. The laboratory research was carried out at a centrifugal-planetary mill. It is established that under the conditions of mechanical activation of hydrocarbons their destruction occurs. The process of transformations is a chain nature. The areas of mechanical and chemical transformations, change of fraction content in residual fuel oil, bottom products, and natural gasoline have been investigated. It has been established that destruction of hydrocarbon fractions takes place. The author demonstrates that processing modes, time and mechanical loads affect the course of hydrocarbon destruction, and its results depend on the type of substance. The researcher proves that it is promising to use the method of mechanical activation to control the properties of mineral flour obtained on the basis of oil sludge. The results of the research indicate clearly that it is possible to get different volume of the light cuts yield by regulating the modes of hydrocarbons processing. The author shows the possibility of increasing the depth of oil refining, as well as the possibility of obtaining a cement mixture with the addition of up to 30% of mechanically activated quartziferous additive without deteriorating the characteristics of cement stone achieved. The method of mechanical activation is promising for the utilization of the wastes of oil and gas complex, as these wastes can be considered the anthropogenic raw materials.","PeriodicalId":159170,"journal":{"name":"Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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