Journal of Food Quality最新文献

Thermal processing can intensify the degradation of beneficial compounds in fruit juices produced from concentrate, which underwent prior evaporation, leading to duplicated processing and likely increased quality deterioration. This study aims to (i) investigate the potential of ultrasound (US) to retain bioactive compounds and quality of sour cherry juice (SCJ) produced from concentrate and (ii) involve insights from digital image processing (IP) to evaluate color attributes of processed SCJs. US was optimized considering amplitude (60%–100%) and time (2–15 min) as independent variables, maximizing total anthocyanin content (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) at 67% amplitude for 7 min. Process-dependent changes in TAC, TPC, antioxidant activity, and color were compared for optimal US and conventional thermal (90°C for 1 min) treatments. US maintained similar TAC to untreated SCJ (160.4 mg/L); however, thermal processing reduced TAC to 154.4 mg/L (p < 0.05). TPC (417.89 mg/100 mL) significantly decreased by both treatments, while antioxidant activity remained stable. IP technology and conventional colorimetric methods were used to evaluate color properties. The two methods showed differing results on color properties, with IP suggesting an increase in redness and yellowness while colorimetric analysis suggests a reduction after processing. This study highlights the evaluation of the process-induced changes for better preservation of bioactive content and quality of fruit juices as well as establishes a baseline for evaluating the quality of nonthermally processed fruit juices through computer vision-based techniques.

Limited data are currently available characterizing the thermal resistance of foodborne pathogens in semolina flour and intermediate pasta matrices representative of commercial conditions during processing. Pasta producers require these data to be compliant with federal regulations since Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli demonstrate survival in flour and dried pasta products. This study investigated the heat resistance of Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, and E. faecium NRRL B-2354 in semolina flour and partially dried pasta intermediates via thermal death time (TDT) studies. The appropriateness of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate in semolina flour and pasta matrices was determined. Inoculated pasta matrices equilibrated to target water activities of 0.85, 0.88, and 0.91 (at 25°C) underwent isothermal inactivation treatments at 65°C, 70°C, and 75°C. Serial dilution and direct plating methods allowed for the estimation of bacterial survival at each treatment. In representative pasta matrices, the D values for each microorganism increased as water activity decreased from 0.91 to 0.85. Surprisingly, Salmonella and E. coli did not exhibit significantly different thermal resistance in pasta. The greatest heat resistance was seen in semolina flour (a_w 0.45). E. faecium was significantly more thermal resistant than both pathogens in all treatments when the temperature was ≤ 70°C. The results show that E. faecium strain NRRL B-2354 is not an ideal proxy for Salmonella and E. coli in semolina and pasta matrices. Analysis of the TDT data also found that a long-goods pasta drying process can achieve ≥ 7-log reductions of Salmonella and E. coli when following good manufacturing practices.

This study compared the physicochemical properties and characteristic volatile compounds of honey samples from Guizhou, China (such as Dalbergia odorifera T, Rhus chinensis Mill, blueberry, and loquat honey), and Manuka honey. The moisture content, 5-HMF, antioxidant capacity, sugars, amino acids, minerals, and volatile compounds were measured. The results indicated that all honey samples met the standards of the Chinese honey industry. Using GC × GC-TOF MS technology, 927 volatile substances were detected in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen honey, 930 in Manuka honey, 764 in Rhus chinensis Mill honey, 768 in blueberry honey, and 617 in loquat honey. The study described the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of each honey. The main volatile compounds identified in all samples were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and alcohols, with predominant sensory flavors of sweet, green, and floral notes.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is currently among the most demanded fruit crops worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits. Despite the abundance of reports that have chemically and nutritionally characterized the fruit, information about the characterization of the fruit’s phytochemicals at specific maturation and ripening stages is still scarce. This research was aimed to identify and quantify several phytochemicals in ‘Hass’ avocado fruit at different maturation and ripening stages considering their dry matter values (∼20% to over 38%), corresponding to 10.99% and 26.23% oil content, as objective and quantitative parameters of avocado maturation and ripening. Palmitic (1.54–4.46 g/100 g), palmitoleic (0.88–2.60 g/10 0g), and linoleic (0.39–0.93 g/100 g) acids were the dominant fatty acids, showing a decreasing trend during ripening compared to the initiation of maturation (20% DM). β-sitosterol did not change during maturation and ripening, but ergosterol and brassicasterol disappeared at the end of ripening (38.8% DM). β-carotene was maintained at low concentrations (0.04–0.12 mg/100 g) during maturation and ripening, and lutein reached the highest concentration (6.89 mg/100 g) of all the carotenoids at 32.56% DM. α-Tocopherol increased during ripening (up to 0.35 mg/100 g), particularly at 35% DM. Among the phenolic compounds, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and vanillic acid reached their peak concentration (0.32–2.01 mg/100 g) between 33.84% and 36.99% DM. ‘Hass’ avocados contain significant quantities of bioactive compounds that are of great benefit to human nutrition and health, but their presence and evolution should be well correlated with properly established maturation and ripening stages.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability of yield and yield-contributing traits in groundnut genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a simple lattice design. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the genotypes. High PCV and GCV were recorded for most of the traits, indicating these characteristics could be used as selection indices. The kernel yield per ha was significantly positive for all traits except days to 50% flowering and maturity. High to moderate heritability, along with high to medium genetic advance was obtained for oil content, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, plant height, shelling percentage, 100SW, number of mature pods per plant, kernel yield, seed weight per plant, and harvest index. The results of the cluster analysis of the tested groundnut genotypes were grouped into three major clusters. The highest intercluster distance D² was recorded between clusters I and III at 1690.78, followed by clusters II and III at 1198.27. Principal component analysis resulted in four principal components with eigenvalues greater than one. The first four principal components explained 77.92% of the total variation. The existence of the highest intercluster distance indicates that there is variability, which creates an opportunity for improvement.

In this study, the effect of drought stress at different growing stages (tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and filling-maturing) on the qualities of wheat flour and steamed bread was investigated using three winter wheat varieties (Huaimai 58, Yannong 19, Aikang 58). As for Huaimai 58, all stages of drought treatments significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the flour extraction rate and protein content, dough extensibility and tenacity, and steamed bread-making performance when compared with the control group (normal-irrigation). Among the growing stages, the filling-maturing stage exhibited the most significant effect on the steamed bread-making performance of Huaimai 58, which decreased the specific volume of steamed bread by 29.5% and increased its hardness by 166.5%. As for Yannong 19 and Aikang 58, drought treatments at heading-flowering and filling-maturing stages significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the extraction rate of wheat flour while increasing the flour protein content, dough extensibility and tenacity, and steamed bread-making performance, indicating the flour and steamed bread-making qualities of Yannong 19 and Aikang 58 were favored by drought treatments. Overall, drought treatments showed different effects on the wheat flour and steamed bread qualities in the three winter wheat varieties, with the filling-maturing stage drought treatment exerting the most significant effect on the steamed bread-making performance.

The manuscript explored the effect of terahertz frequency irradiation on the physicochemical, nutritional, microbial load and sensory qualities of OFSP–soy beverages. The orange-fleshed sweet potato was processed into a beverage, and soy milk was added at varied ratios formulated: OFSP: soy milk: 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 and pasteurised with electromagnetic irradiation at varied times (5, 10 and 15 min). The pH increase was 6.15, 6.21 and 6.24 at 5-min irradiation and 6.07, 6.11 and 6.18 at 15-min irradiation with 10%, 20% and 30% addition of soy milk. The Brix content was 9.30, 10.07, 12.01, 7.43, 8.06 and 9.91 at 5- and 15-min irradiation and 10%, 20% and 30% of soy milk addition. However, the microbial load was not detected when samples were irradiated for 10 and 15 min but was noticed at 5-min irradiation. Likewise, sensory qualities such as colour, taste, aroma, mouthfeel, aftertaste and overall acceptance of the beverage were improved with an increased range colour (5.90 to 6.98), aroma (6.30 to 6.98), taste (5.38 to 7.28), mouthfeel (5.29 to 7.18), aftertaste (5.26 to 7.30) and overall acceptance (5.78– to 7.54). 10-min electromagnetic irradiation pasteurisation with 90%:10% OFSP and soymilk had optimum beta-carotene with zero coliform counts and hence it is recommended. The outcome of this study could help to exploit the benefits of terahertz frequency irradiation machines in reducing microbial growth in the beverage industry.

The Nile tilapia, a fish of the Teleost group, is economically valuable due to its ease of cultivation, high growth rates and resistance to environmental conditions and is increasingly used for waste conversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiochemical properties and potential applications of oils derived from the entrails of Nile tilapia obtained from four different farming sites in Ghana. The tilapia fish oil (TFO) was extracted by the wet rendering method. The refractive index, fatty acid profile, colour and cholesterol content of the TFO samples (TFS1, TFS2, TFS3 and TFS4) were determined using a refractometer, GC–MS, chromameter and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. More than 65% of fatty acids present in TFS1 to TFS4 were unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Oleic acid and its isomer were present in the oils as follows: TFS2 (58.37%), TFS3 (57.28%), TFS1 (43.89%) and TFS4 (41.71%). The following physicochemical properties of TFS1 to TFS4 were determined: vitamin A (0.70–2.15 mg/100 g), vitamin E (0.03–0.009 mg/100 g), acid value (0.27–0.66 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (0.009–4.488 meq/kg), iodine value (77.87–74.62 mg/g), saponification value (247.93–592.27 mg KOH/g), cholesterol content (162.33–438.33 mg/100 mL) and moisture content (1.08%–3.25%). These findings indicate that TFOs have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the differences in physicochemical properties must be considered during product development to ensure optimal quality and marketability of the final product.

Black rice, a well-known grain for its anthocyanin-rich pigmentation and nutritional benefits, has gained significant attention in scientific research. Anthocyanins, flavonoid pigments responsible for the distinctive coloration of black rice, offer potent antioxidant and health-promoting properties. Extraction and chromatographic techniques play pivotal roles in isolating and analyzing these valuable compounds. This review comprehensively examines the extraction methodologies, encompassing traditional solvent extraction and advanced techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. In addition, chromatographic techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), and preparative HPLC (Prep-HPLC) are demonstrated in detail for precise identification and quantification of anthocyanins in black rice.

Dendrobium officinale leaf contains various physiologically active substances. However, no previous studies have reported on the use of D. officinale leaf extract in fermented sweet potato beverages. In this study, Dendrobium officinale leaf and sweet potato were used as raw materials to produce a compound fermented beverage flavored with D. officinale leaf. A sweet potato vinegar folk production method was used, and beneficial microorganisms, including Rhizopus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, were inoculated into the fermentation. The quantity of D. officinale leaves, concentration of the sweet potato koji, fermentation time, and temperature during the fermentation process were optimized using orthogonal experiments and analysis of variance. The results indicated that a D. officinale leaf extract of 30%, sweet potato koji concentration of 30%, fermentation time of 5 days, and temperature of 30°C were optimal for beverage formation. Under these conditions, the fermentation broth had a mild flavor of D. officinale leaf and a moderately sweet and sour taste, the biofilm was a transparent gelatinous film, and the utilization efficiency of carbohydrates was high. Excellent flavor, color, and stability of the sweet potato beverage were obtained, with a total sugar content of 15.88 mg/mL and a final pH of 2.65.