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Meteorological drivers of melt at two nearby glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica 南极洲麦克默多干谷附近两个冰川融化的气象驱动因素
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.98
Marte G. Hofsteenge, Nicolas J. Cullen, Jonathan P. Conway, Carleen H. Reijmer, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Marwan Katurji

We study the meteorological drivers of melt at two glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, using 22 years of weather station observations and surface energy fluxes. The glaciers are located only 30 km apart, but have different local climates; Taylor Glacier is generally drier and windier than Commonwealth Glacier, which receives more snowfall due to its proximity to the coast. Commonwealth Glacier shows more inter-annual melt variability, explained by variable albedo due to summer snowfall events. A significant increase in surface melt at Commonwealth Glacier is associated with a decrease in summer minimum albedo. Inter-annual variability in melt at both glaciers is linked to degree-days above freezing during föhn events, occurring more frequently at Taylor Glacier. At Taylor Glacier melt occurs most often with positive air temperatures, but föhn conditions also favour sublimation, which cools the surface and prevents melt for the majority of the positive air temperatures. At Commonwealth Glacier, most of the melt instead occurs with sub-zero air temperatures, driven by strong solar radiative heating. Future melt at Taylor Glacier will likely be more sensitive to changes in föhn events, while Commonwealth Glacier will be impacted more by changes in near coastal weather, where moisture inputs can drive cloud cover, snowfall and change albedo.

我们利用 22 年的气象站观测数据和地表能量通量,研究了南极泰勒谷两座冰川融化的气象驱动因素。这两个冰川相距仅 30 公里,但当地气候不同;泰勒冰川通常比英联邦冰川更干燥,风力更大,而英联邦冰川由于靠近海岸,降雪量更大。英联邦冰川显示出更大的年际融化变化,原因是夏季降雪事件导致反照率变化。英联邦冰川地表融化量的大幅增加与夏季最低反照率的降低有关。两处冰川融化量的年际变化都与冰雪事件期间冰点以上的度日有关,泰勒冰川的冰雪事件发生得更为频繁。在泰勒冰川,融化最常发生在气温为正的时候,但 föhn 条件也有利于升华,从而冷却冰川表面,在大部分气温为正的情况下阻止融化。而在 Commonwealth 冰川,大部分融化是在零度以下的气温下发生的,这是由强烈的太阳辐射加热所驱动的。泰勒冰川未来的融化可能会对弗恩事件的变化更加敏感,而英联邦冰川将更多地受到近岸天气变化的影响,因为近岸天气的湿度输入会推动云层、降雪和反照率的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Improved representation of laminar and turbulent sheet flow in subglacial drainage models 改进冰川下排水模型中层流和湍流片流的表示方法
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.103
Tim Hill, G. Flowers, Matthew J. Hoffman, Derek Bingham, M. Werder
: Subglacial hydrology models struggle to reproduce seasonal drainage patterns that are consistent with observed subglacial water pressures and surface velocities. We modify the standard sheet-flow parameterization within a coupled sheet--channel subglacial drainage model to smoothly transition between laminar and turbulent flow based on the locally computed Reynolds number in a physically consistent way (the "transition" model). We compare the transition model to standard laminar and turbulent models to assess the role of the sheet-flow parameterization in reconciling observed and modelled water pressures under idealized and realistic forcing. Relative to the turbulent model, the laminar and transition models improve seasonal simulations by increasing winter water pressure and producing a more prominent late-summer water pressure minimum. In contrast to the laminar model, the transition model remains consistent with its own internal assumptions across all flow regimes. Based on the internal consistency of the
:冰川下水文模型难以再现与观测到的冰川下水压力和表面速度相一致的季节性排水模式。我们修改了冰川-沟道耦合排水模型中的标准片流参数化,以物理一致的方式,根据本地计算的雷诺数在层流和湍流之间平滑过渡("过渡 "模型)。我们将过渡模型与标准层流模型和湍流模型进行了比较,以评估片流参数化在理想化和现实强迫条件下协调观测水压和模拟水压的作用。与湍流模式相比,层流模式和过渡模式通过增加冬季水压和产生更明显的夏末水压最小值,改善了季节模拟。与层流模型相比,过渡模型在所有流态下都与其内部假设保持一致。基于
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引用次数: 0
Radar internal reflection horizons from multisystem data reflect ice dynamic and surface accumulation history along the Princess Ragnhild Coast, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica 来自多系统数据的雷达内部反射水平面反映了南极洲东部德龙宁毛德地拉格恩希尔德公主海岸的冰层动态和地表堆积历史
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.93
Inka Koch, Reinhard Drews, Steven Franke, Daniela Jansen, Falk Marius Oraschewski, Leah Sophie Muhle, Vjeran Višnjević, Kenichi Matsuoka, Frank Pattyn, Olaf Eisen

Ice shelves, which regulate ice flow from the Antarctic ice sheet towards the ocean, are shaped by spatiotemporal patterns of surface accumulation, surface/basal melt and ice dynamics. Therefore, an ice dynamic and accumulation history are imprinted in the internal ice stratigraphy, which can be imaged by radar in the form of internal reflection horizons (IRHs). Here, IRHs were derived from radar data combined across radar platforms (airborne and ground-based) in coastal eastern Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), comprising three ice rises and adjacent two ice shelves. To facilitate interpretation of dominant spatiotemporal patterns of processes shaping the local IRH geometry, traced IRHs are classified into three different types (laterally continuous, discontinuous or absent/IRH-free). Near-surface laterally continuous IRHs reveal local accumulation patterns, reflecting the mean easterly wind direction, and correlate with surface slopes. Areas of current and past increased ice flow and internal deformation are marked by discontinuous or IRH-free zones, and can inform about paleo ice-stream dynamics. The established IRH datasets extend continent-wide mapping efforts of IRHs to an important and climatically sensitive ice marginal region of Antarctica and are ready for integration into ice-flow models to improve predictions of Antarctic ice drainage.

冰架是南极冰原流向海洋的冰流的调节器,由地表堆积、地表/基底融化和冰动力的时空模式形成。因此,冰的动态和堆积历史印刻在内部冰地层中,可以通过雷达以内部反射地层(IRHs)的形式对其进行成像。这里的内部反射地层是通过雷达平台(机载和地面)的雷达数据综合得出的,位于南极洲东部的德龙宁毛德地沿海地区,包括三个冰隆和相邻的两个冰架。为便于解释形成当地 IRH 几何形状的主要时空过程模式,将追踪到的 IRH 划分为三种不同类型(横向连续、不连续或无 IRH)。近地表横向连续 IRH 显示了当地的堆积模式,反映了平均东风方向,并与地表坡度相关。当前和过去冰流和内部变形增加的区域以不连续或无 IRH 区域为标志,可为古冰流动力学提供信息。已建立的 IRH 数据集将整个大陆的 IRH 测绘工作扩展到了南极洲一个重要的、对气候敏感的冰缘区域,并可随时整合到冰流模型中,以改进对南极冰排水的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Oscillatory response of Larsen C Ice Shelf flow to the calving of iceberg A-68 拉森 C 冰架水流对冰山 A-68 破裂的振荡响应
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.102
Katherine A. Deakin, Frazer D. W. Christie, Karla Boxall, Ian C. Willis
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引用次数: 0
Controls on calving at a large Greenland tidewater glacier: stress regime, self-organised criticality and the crevasse-depth calving law 格陵兰大潮汐冰川崩解的控制:应力状态、自组织临界和裂缝深度崩解规律
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.81
Douglas I. Benn, Joe Todd, Adrian Luckman, Suzanne Bevan, Thomas R. Chudley, Jan Åström, Thomas Zwinger, Samuel Cook, Poul Christoffersen
We investigate the physical basis of the crevasse-depth (CD) calving law by analysing relationships between glaciological stresses and calving behaviour at Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. Our observations and model simulations show that the glacier has a stable position defined by a compressive arch between lateral pinning points. Ice advance beyond the arch results in calving back to the stable position; conversely, if melt-undercutting forces the ice front behind the stable position, it readvances because ice velocities exceed subaqueous melt rates. This behaviour is typical of self-organising criticality, in which the stable ice-front position acts as an attractor between unstable super-critical and sub-critical regimes. This perspective provides strong support for a ‘position-law’ approach to modelling calving at Sermeq Kujalleq, because any calving ‘rate’ is simply a by-product of how quickly ice is delivered to the critical point. The CD calving law predicts ice-front position from the penetration of surface and basal crevasse fields, and accurately simulates super-critical calving back to the compressive arch and melt-driven calving into the sub-critical zone. The CD calving law reflects the glaciological controls on calving at Sermeq Kujalleq and exhibits considerable skill in simulating its mean position and seasonal fluctuations.
通过分析格陵兰Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier)冰川应力与冰裂行为之间的关系,研究了冰裂深度(CD)冰裂规律的物理基础。我们的观测和模型模拟表明,冰川有一个稳定的位置,由侧向固定点之间的压缩拱确定。冰向拱外推进导致冰崩回稳定位置;相反,如果融冰削弱迫使冰锋在稳定位置的后面,它就会前进,因为冰的速度超过了水下的融化速度。这种行为是典型的自组织临界,其中稳定的冰锋位置在不稳定的超临界和亚临界状态之间起着吸引作用。这一观点有力地支持了用“位置定律”方法来模拟Sermeq Kujalleq冰川的冰裂,因为任何冰裂的“速率”都只是冰被输送到临界点的速度的副产品。CD裂陷规律通过地表和基底裂陷场的贯通预测冰锋位置,准确模拟了超临界裂陷回压缩拱和熔体驱动裂陷进入亚临界区。CD产犊规律反映了Sermeq Kujalleq冰川对产犊的控制,在模拟其平均位置和季节波动方面表现出相当大的技巧。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between the permeability and liquid water content of polycrystalline temperate ice 多晶温带冰渗透率与液态水含量的关系
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.91
Jacob R. Fowler, Neal R. Iverson
To better constrain meltwater transport and ice viscosity in temperate glaciers, particularly in ice stream shear margins, we use a custom permeameter to study the untested model relationship between the permeability of temperate ice and its liquid water content. The permeability of lab-made ice of two mean grain diameters (1.8 and 4.2 mm) is measured, and water content is controlled with the ice salinity and measured calorimetrically. Fluorescein dye is added to through-flowing, chilled water to highlight flow pathways through the ice after experiments. As predicted by a simple model, permeability increases with approximately the square of the water content and by about three orders of magnitude across water contents of 0.1–4.4%. However, permeability values are less than those of the model by average factors of 2.6 and 4.1 for the finer and coarser ice, respectively. This discrepancy is likely due to tortuous, truncated or air-clogged veins. The order-of-magnitude agreement between measured and modeled values may indicate that reduced permeability from these factors is nearly compensated by preferential flow in oversized veins that are isolated or arborescent. Both kinds of preferred flow pathways are observed but the latter only in fine-grained ice at water contents > 2%.
为了更好地约束温带冰川的融水输送和冰粘度,特别是在冰流剪切边缘,我们使用一个定制的渗透率仪来研究温带冰的渗透率与其液态水含量之间未经检验的模型关系。测量了两种平均粒径(1.8 mm和4.2 mm)的实验室制冰的渗透率,并用冰的盐度控制其含水量,并进行了量热测量。在实验结束后,将荧光素染料添加到流动的冷冻水中,以突出通过冰的流动路径。正如一个简单模型所预测的那样,渗透率大约随含水量的平方而增加,在含水量为0.1-4.4%的范围内,渗透率增加了约三个数量级。然而,细冰和粗冰的渗透率值分别比模型的平均值小2.6和4.1倍。这种差异可能是由于静脉弯曲、截断或空气堵塞。测量值和模拟值之间的数量级一致可能表明,这些因素导致的渗透率降低几乎被孤立或乔木状的超大矿脉中的优先流动所补偿。这两种优先流动路径都被观察到,但后者仅在含水量>的细粒冰中被观察到;2%。
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引用次数: 0
Observing glacier dynamics with low-cost, multi-GNSS positioning in Victoria Land, Antarctica 在南极洲维多利亚地利用低成本多全球导航卫星系统定位观测冰川动态
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.101
Holly Still, R. Odolinski, M. H. Bowman, Christina Hulbe, David J. Prior
{"title":"Observing glacier dynamics with low-cost, multi-GNSS positioning in Victoria Land, Antarctica","authors":"Holly Still, R. Odolinski, M. H. Bowman, Christina Hulbe, David J. Prior","doi":"10.1017/jog.2023.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2023.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Glaciology","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exceptional thinning through the entire altitudinal range of Mont-Blanc glaciers during the 2021/22 mass balance year 在 2021/22 质量平衡年期间,整个勃朗峰冰川高度范围内的冰川异常稀薄
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.100
Etienne Berthier, Christian Vincent, Delphine Six

Widespread glacier losses have been observed in most glaciated regions on Earth during recent decades, with a typical pattern of strong thinning in their lower reaches and limited elevation changes in their accumulation areas. Here, we use Pléiades satellite stereo-images of the Mont-Blanc massif (Alps) to reveal that thinning took place through the entire elevation range during the exceptional 2021/22 mass-balance year. Above 3000 m a.s.l. on Argentière glacier and Mer de Glace, thinning rates exceeded 3.5 m a−1 while almost no change occurred during the previous 9 years. Below 3000 m a.s.l., these anomalous thinning rates are essentially explained by changes in surface mass balance. At higher altitudes, other processes such as firn densification may play a role. Our analysis shows that high altitude glaciers, mostly stable during the last 100 years, are now responding to the impact of climate change.

近几十年来,在地球上大多数冰川地区都观察到广泛的冰川损失,其下游具有强烈变薄的典型模式,而其积累区海拔变化有限。在这里,我们使用pliades卫星的勃朗峰(阿尔卑斯山)的立体图像来揭示在特殊的2021/22质量平衡年,整个海拔范围都发生了变薄。在海拔3000 m以上的argenti冰川和Mer de冰川,减薄速率超过3.5 m a−1,但在过去9年中几乎没有变化。在海拔3000米以下,这些异常变薄率基本上可以用地表物质平衡的变化来解释。在高海拔地区,其他过程,如硬化可能起作用。我们的分析表明,在过去100年里基本稳定的高海拔冰川,现在正在对气候变化的影响做出反应。
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引用次数: 0
Modelled frontal ablation and velocities at Kronebreen, Svalbard, are sensitive to the choice of submarine melt rate scenario 模拟的斯瓦尔巴群岛克罗内布林的锋面消融和速度对海底融化速率情景的选择很敏感
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.94
Felicity Alice Holmes, Eef van Dongen, Nina Kirchner
Both submarine melt and calving are important for the overall mass balance of marine-terminating glaciers, but uncertainty is rife with regards to the magnitude of the processes. Modelling allows for these processes to be investigated without the need to visit inaccessible ice marginal zones. This study looks at the impact of different submarine melt and sea-ice back pressure scenarios on modelled calving activity and dynamics at Kronebreen, Svalbard, by running separate summer and winter simulations with various submarine melt parameterisations and sea-ice characteristics. It is found that submarine melt is an important driver of seasonal variation in modelled glacier dynamics and calving activity, with the choice of sliding law also exerting a significant influence on results.
海底融化和冰裂对海洋冰川的总体质量平衡都很重要,但这一过程的规模充满了不确定性。建模允许在不需要访问难以接近的冰边缘带的情况下研究这些过程。这项研究着眼于不同的海底融化和海冰背压情景对斯瓦尔巴群岛克罗内布林模拟的产犊活动和动力学的影响,通过运行不同的海底融化参数化和海冰特征的夏季和冬季模拟。研究发现,海底融化是模拟冰川动力学和产冰活动季节变化的重要驱动因素,滑动律的选择对模拟结果也有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Capturing the transition from marine to land-terminating glacier from the 126-year retreat history of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard 从斯瓦尔巴群岛Nordenskiöldbreen 126年的退缩历史中捕捉到从海洋到陆地的冰川转变
IF 3.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1017/jog.2023.92
Jan Kavan, Petra Luláková, Jakub Małecki, Mateusz Czesław Strzelecki
Svalbard has experienced a dramatic increase in air temperature and glacier retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age. In many cases, this retreat has resulted in glaciers transitioning from being marine-terminating to land-terminating. Nordenskiöldbreen is an excellent contemporary example of this transition. A set of historical observations of glacier front positions was used to assess Nordenskiöldbreen's retreat rate and we found that the southern portion of the glacier front retreated by ~3500 m, since records began in 1896. The general retreat rate corresponds well with the air temperature trend during most of the 20th century. However, the average retreat rate has slowed since the 1990s despite increasing air temperatures. We show that this discrepancy between air temperature and retreat rate marks the transition from marine-terminating towards a land-terminating glacier, as the glacier's bedrock topography started to play an essential role in the glacier margin geometry, ice flow and retreat dynamics.
自小冰期结束以来,斯瓦尔巴群岛经历了气温的急剧上升和冰川的退缩。在许多情况下,这种退缩导致冰川从海洋终止向陆地终止转变。Nordenskiöldbreen是当代这种转变的一个极好的例子。我们利用一组冰川前沿位置的历史观测资料来评估Nordenskiöldbreen的退缩率,发现自1896年有记录以来,冰川前沿的南部退缩了约3500米。总退缩率与20世纪大部分时间的气温趋势吻合较好。然而,自20世纪90年代以来,尽管气温上升,平均退缩速度有所放缓。研究表明,随着冰川基岩地形开始在冰川边缘几何形状、冰流和退缩动力学中发挥重要作用,气温和退缩率之间的差异标志着冰川从海洋终结向陆地终结的转变。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Glaciology
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