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Site-specific Antibody-Nitric Oxide Conjugate HN02 Possesses Improved Antineoplastic and Safety Properties. 位点特异性抗体-一氧化氮共轭物 HN02 具有更好的抗肿瘤性和安全性。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000507
Tianyue Cheng, Jiajun Xie, Xun Yuan, Minji Guo, Jianbing Wu, Min Wang, Zhangjian Huang, Juan Zhang

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of payloads and have great potential in pan-cancer immunotherapy. However, the current payloads for clinical uses have limited the therapeutic window due to their uncontrollable off-site toxicity. There is unmet needs to develop more potent ADC payloads with better safety and efficacy profiles. Nitric oxide (NO) is a special molecule that has low toxicity itself, which can kill tumor cells effectively when highly concentrated, has broad application prospects. Previously, we prepared for the first time an antibody-nitric oxide conjugate (ANC)-HN01, which showed inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the random conjugation method made HN01 highly heterogeneous and unstable. Here, we used site-specific conjugation-based engineered cysteine sites (CL-V211C) of anti-CD24 antibody to prepare a second-generation ANC with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 2. The homogeneous ANC, HN02 was stable in human plasma, shown in vitro bystander effect to neighboring cells and antiproliferative activity to CD24-targeted tumor cells. Compared with HN01, HN02 significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In summary, we developed a stable and homogeneous site-specific conjugated ANC, which showed good antitumor activity and improved safety profile both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides new insight into the development of next generation of ADC candidates.

抗体药物共轭物(ADCs)结合了抗体的高特异性和有效载荷的细胞毒性,在泛癌症免疫疗法中具有巨大潜力。然而,目前用于临床的有效载荷因其不可控的异位毒性而限制了治疗窗口。开发安全性更高、疗效更好的强效 ADC 有效载荷的需求尚未得到满足。一氧化氮(NO)是一种特殊分子,本身毒性低,高浓度时能有效杀死肿瘤细胞,具有广阔的应用前景。此前,我们首次制备了抗体-一氧化氮共轭物(ANC)-HN01,对肝细胞癌具有抑制活性。然而,随机共轭方法使得 HN01 具有高度异质性和不稳定性。在这里,我们利用抗 CD24 抗体的半胱氨酸位点(CL-V211C)进行位点特异性共轭,制备出药物与抗体比为 2 的第二代 ANC。均一的 ANC HN02 在人血浆中稳定,体外对邻近细胞有旁观效应,对 CD24 靶向的肿瘤细胞有抗增殖活性。与 HN01 相比,HN02 能显著延长肿瘤小鼠的生存期。总之,我们开发出了一种稳定、均质的位点特异性共轭 ANC,它在体外和体内均表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性和更高的安全性。这项研究为开发新一代 ADC 候选药物提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
RAD51 Expression as a Biomarker to Predict Efficacy of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and PD-L1 Blockade for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. 以 RAD51 表达为生物标记物预测铂类化疗和 PD-L1 阻断剂治疗肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的疗效
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000525
Bingyu Li, Kaifeng Jin, Zhaopei Liu, Xiaohe Su, Ziyue Xu, Ge Liu, Jingtong Xu, Yuan Chang, Yiwei Wang, Yu Zhu, Le Xu, Zewei Wang, Hailong Liu, Weijuan Zhang

RAD51, a key recombinase that catalyzes homologous recombination (HR), is commonly overexpressed in multiple cancers. It is curial for DNA damage repair (DDR) to maintain genomic integrity which could further determine the therapeutic response. Herein, we attempt to explore the clinical value of RAD51 in therapeutic guidance in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In this retrospective study, a total of 823 patients with MIBC were included. Zhongshan hospital (ZSHS) cohort (n=134) and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Bladder Cancer (TCGA-BLCA) cohort (n=391) were included for the investigation of chemotherapeutic response. The IMvigor210 cohort (n=298) was utilized to interrogate the predictive efficacy of RAD51 status to programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade. In addition, the association of RAD51 with genomic instability and tumor immune contexture was investigated. Patients with RAD51 overexpression were more likely to benefit from both platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy rather than RAD51-low patients. The TMB high PD-L1 high RAD51 high subgroup possessed the best clinical benefits from PD-L1 blockade. RAD51-high tumors featured by genomic instability were correlated to highly inflamed and immunogenic contexture with activated immunotherapeutic pathway in MIBC. RAD51 could serve as a prognosticator for treatment response to platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-L1 inhibitor in MIBC patients. Besides, it could also improve the predictive efficacy of TMB and PD-L1.

RAD51是催化同源重组(HR)的一种关键重组酶,在多种癌症中普遍存在过表达现象。它是DNA损伤修复(DDR)维持基因组完整性的关键,可进一步决定治疗反应。在此,我们试图探讨 RAD51 在肌肉浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)治疗指导中的临床价值。在这项回顾性研究中,共纳入了823例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。中山医院(ZSHS)队列(n=134)和癌症基因组图谱-膀胱癌(TCGA-BLCA)队列(n=391)被纳入研究,以调查化疗反应。IMvigor210队列(n=298)用于研究RAD51状态对程序性细胞死亡配体-1(PD-L1)阻断的预测效果。此外,还研究了RAD51与基因组不稳定性和肿瘤免疫环境的关系。与RAD51低表达患者相比,RAD51高表达患者更有可能从铂类化疗和免疫疗法中获益。TMBhighPD-L1highRAD51high亚组从PD-L1阻断治疗中获得的临床疗效最好。以基因组不稳定性为特征的RAD51高肿瘤与MIBC的高度炎症和免疫原性环境以及激活的免疫治疗途径相关。RAD51可作为MIBC患者对铂类化疗和PD-L1抑制剂治疗反应的预后指标。此外,它还能提高TMB和PD-L1的预测效果。
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引用次数: 0
Too Much of a Good Thing: The Association of Elevated Vitamin B12 Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy. 好事太多:癌症患者接受免疫治疗后维生素B12水平升高与预后的关系。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000493
Ilit Turgeman, Anat Reiner Benaim, Stav Regev-Tsur, Shahar Turgeman, Mahmud Abu Amna, Omar Badran, Gil Bar-Sela

Metabolic pathways may regulate responses to cancer immunotherapy (IO). Due to its immunomodulatory properties, we sought to examine the association between serum vitamin B12 (VitB12) and survival in individuals with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, compared with biological and chemotherapy. We collected data on patients with advanced cancer initiating intravenous antineoplastic treatment and a concomitant VitB12 measurement (elevated: >820 ng/L), between January 2010 and January 2022. Patients on IO and other regimens (control) were compared using the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables, χ 2 test or Fisher test for categorical variables, and multivariate Cox regression models assessed the effect of VitB12 on overall survival and progression-free survival, adjusting for confounders. Patient groups (control: n = 408; IO: n = 93) were balanced for the treatment line and VitB12 (elevated 29.9% vs 23.7%; mean 762.4 vs 687.6 ng/L). In multivariate analysis, overall survival in all patients was negatively associated with VitB12 [control: hazard ratio (HR): 1.4, 95% CI: 1.01-1.96, P = 0.04, false discovery rate (FDR): 0.069; IO: HR: 2.74 as sum of linear baseline and interaction effects, log scale], age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, P < 0.01), male sex (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.88, P < 0.01), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99, P = 0.01). However, VitB12 was significantly negatively associated with progression-free survival only in the IO group ( P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001, calculated HR: 8.34; biological treatment P = 0.08; FDR: 0.111; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, P = 0.07; FDR: 0.09). Taken together, elevated VitB12 was a negative predictor for outcomes on IO, independently of other known prognostic factors. Further research is needed to elucidate the immune-metabolic interplay and its interaction with the gut microbiome, as well as interventional strategies to enhance IO responses.

代谢途径可能调节对癌症免疫疗法(IO)的反应。由于其免疫调节特性,我们试图与生物学和化学疗法相比,研究用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗癌症患者的血清维生素B12(VitB12)与存活率之间的关系。我们收集了2010年1月至2022年1月期间,晚期癌症患者开始静脉注射抗肿瘤治疗并同时进行维生素B12测量(升高:>820 ng/L)的数据。使用Mann-Whitney检验对连续变量进行比较,χ2检验或Fisher检验对分类变量进行比较。多变量Cox回归模型评估了维生素B12对总生存率和无进展生存率的影响,并对混杂因素进行了调整。患者组(对照组:n=408;IO:n=93)的治疗线和维生素B12(升高29.9%vs 23.7%;平均值762.4vs 687.6ng/L)是平衡的。在多变量分析中,所有患者的总生存率与维生素B12呈负相关[对照组:危险比(HR):1.4,95%CI:1.01-1.96,P=0.04,错误发现率(FDR):0.069;IO:HR:2.74,作为线性基线和相互作用效应的总和,对数量表],年龄(HR:1.03,95%CI:1.02-1.04,P<0.01),男性(HR:0.66,95%CI:0.50-0.88,P<0.01),和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(HR:1.05,95%CI:0.48-0.99,P=0.01)。然而,VitB12仅在IO组中与无进展生存率显著负相关(P<0.001,FDR<0.001,计算HR:8.34;生物治疗P=0.08;FDR:0.111;中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比率P=0.07;FDR:009)。总之,维生素B12升高是IO预后的负面预测因素,与其他已知的预后因素无关。需要进一步的研究来阐明免疫代谢相互作用及其与肠道微生物组的相互作用,以及增强IO反应的干预策略。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Subtypes in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Based on Shared Genes Between Immunity and Cancer Stemness. 基于免疫和癌症干细胞之间的共享基因识别三阴性乳腺癌亚型
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000502
Xianmei Lv, Gaochen Lan, Qiusheng Guo

The correlation between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and genes related to immunity and cancer stemness, particularly shared genes, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of immunity and cancer stemness with the molecular subtyping and survival rates in TNBC using bioinformatics approaches. Differential gene analysis was conducted to identify TNBC-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes were obtained using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Immune-related gene sets were retrieved from the literature. Venn analysis was performed to identify the shared DEGs between immunity and cancer stemness in TNBC. Cluster analysis and survival analysis based on the expression of these genes were conducted to identify TNBC subtypes with significant survival differences. A total of 5259 TNBC-associated DEGs, 2214 CSC-related genes, 1793 immune-related genes, and 44 shared DEGs between immunity and cancer stemness were obtained. Among them, 3 shared DEGs were closely associated with TNBC survival rates ( P <0.05). Cluster and survival analyses revealed that among 3 subtypes, cluster2 exhibited the best survival rate, and cluster3 showed the worst survival rate ( P <0.05). Dendritic cells were highly infiltrated in cluster2, while plasma cells and resting mast cells were highly infiltrated in cluster3 ( P <0.05). Genes shared by immunity and cancer stemness were capable of classifying TNBC samples. TNBC patients of different subtypes exhibited significant differences in immune profiles, genetic mutations, and drug sensitivity. These findings could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of TNBC, the immune microenvironment, and the selection of therapeutic targets for drug treatment.

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)与免疫和癌症干相关基因(尤其是共享基因)之间的相关性仍不清楚。本研究旨在利用生物信息学方法研究免疫和癌症干性与 TNBC 分子亚型和生存率的相关性。研究人员进行了差异基因分析,以确定与TNBC相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)。利用加权基因共表达网络分析获得了癌症干细胞(CSC)相关基因。从文献中检索了免疫相关基因集。进行维恩分析以确定 TNBC 中免疫与癌症干细胞之间的共有 DEGs。根据这些基因的表达情况进行聚类分析和生存分析,以确定具有显著生存差异的 TNBC 亚型。共获得5259个TNBC相关DEGs、2214个CSC相关基因、1793个免疫相关基因和44个免疫与癌症干性之间的共享DEGs。其中,3个共有DEG与TNBC生存率密切相关(P
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引用次数: 0
Nivolumab in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck (SCCHN): A Real-world Outcome Study in Ontario, Canada. Nivolumab治疗头颈部鳞状细胞癌(SCCHN):加拿大安大略省真实世界结果研究》。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000501
Arman Zereshkian, Ruaa Shafi, Gregory R Pond, Sebastien J Hotte

The CheckMate-141 trial led to the approval of nivolumab in platinum-resistant metastatic/advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). We evaluated the outcomes of SCCHN patients in Ontario, Canada, treated with nivolumab through retrospective review of the provincial treatment registry. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and Cox regression to evaluate the prognostic effect of selected factors. Nivolumab was used as second-line therapy after disease relapse for curative-intent platinum chemotherapy (PC) (indication 1-I1), as second-line therapy post-PC in noncurative intent (indication 2-I2), and as first-line therapy in noncurative intent due to contraindication for PC (indication 3-I3). The median OS for patients treated with nivolumab was 5.8 months (95% CI: 4.5-7.3), and the 1-year OS was 28.4% (CI: 2.10-36.1). When patients with I3 were excluded to match inclusion criteria for CheckMate-141, median OS was 4.8 months (CI: 3.6-6.7) with 1-year OS of 21.8% (14.4-30.1). Patients with lower body surface area (BSA) (<1.81) had a median OS of 3.9 months (CI: 3.1-6.7) versus 9.0 months (CI: 6.5-14.8) in those with higher BSA, hazard ratio (HR)=0.12 (CI: 0.04-0.39, P <0.001). Patients receiving nivolumab for I1 had a median OS of 7.2 months (CI 3.8-9.8) versus 11.9 months (CI: 6.2-not reached) for I3, HR=1.73 (CI: 0.94-3.16). Patients receiving nivolumab for I2 had a median OS of 3.9 months (CI: 2.9-5.4) as compared with I3, HR=3.27 (CI: 1.80-5.94). Real-world analysis of patients with advanced/metastatic SCCHN in Ontario, Canada, treated with nivolumab demonstrates poorer median OS compared with CheckMate-141 trial. Lower BSA was a predictor of poorer median OS.

CheckMate-141 试验促使 nivolumab 获批用于治疗铂类耐药的转移性/晚期头颈部鳞状细胞癌(SCCHN)。我们通过对省级治疗登记处的回顾性审查,评估了加拿大安大略省接受 nivolumab 治疗的 SCCHN 患者的疗效。我们采用卡普兰-梅耶法估算总生存期(OS),并用考克斯回归法评估选定因素的预后影响。Nivolumab被用作治愈性铂类化疗(PC)疾病复发后的二线治疗(适应症1-I1),非治愈性铂类化疗后的二线治疗(适应症2-I2),以及因PC禁忌症而非治愈性铂类化疗的一线治疗(适应症3-I3)。接受nivolumab治疗的患者的中位OS为5.8个月(95% CI:4.5-7.3),1年OS为28.4%(CI:2.10-36.1)。如果排除I3患者以符合CheckMate-141的纳入标准,中位OS为4.8个月(CI:3.6-6.7),1年OS为21.8%(14.4-30.1)。体表面积(BSA)较低的患者
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引用次数: 0
Infection-related Hospitalizations During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Without Immunosuppressants. 不使用免疫抑制剂的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗期间与感染相关的住院治疗。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000504
Ye Sul Jeung, June Young Chun, Beom Kyu Choi, Seog Yun Park, Hyun-Ju Lim, Jong Woong Park, Ji-Youn Han, Youngjoo Lee

Immunosuppressants are increasingly being used in the clinic to manage immune-related adverse effects. Consequently, the incidence of secondary infections associated with immunosuppression is increasing. However, little is known about primary infections during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment without immunosuppressants. We aimed to evaluate primary infectious diseases during antiprogrammed death ligand-1 immunotherapy without immunosuppressants. We retrospectively screened medical records of 233 patients who underwent ICI treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer between January 2014 and May 2018 at National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea. Subsequently, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of selected patients hospitalized for potential infectious disease without immunosuppressive treatment (n=80). Eight cases (3.4%) were identified as bacterial pneumonia (n=5) and cellulitis, inflamed epidermoid cyst, and wound infection (n=1 each). The bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were identified in 4 patients with pneumonia. The period between the start of ICI treatment and infection varied between 3 and 189 days (median, 24.5 days). Five (62.5%) patients were infected within a month after ICI treatment initiation. All patients were treated with empirical antibiotics and discharged without complications. The median progression-free and overall survival for ICI treatment was 11.5 and 25.5 months, respectively. Six patients experienced ICI-associated adverse effects postinfection: Herpes zoster infection (n=4) and pneumonitis (n=2). Infectious disease independent of immunosuppression is a rare, but possible event in patients with lung cancer receiving ICI treatment. Clinical awareness would enable prompt diagnosis of primary infection during immunotherapy.

临床上越来越多地使用免疫抑制剂来控制与免疫相关的不良反应。因此,与免疫抑制相关的继发性感染的发病率也在增加。然而,人们对不使用免疫抑制剂的免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)治疗期间的原发性感染知之甚少。我们旨在评估不使用免疫抑制剂的抗程序性死亡配体-1免疫疗法期间的原发性感染疾病。我们回顾性地筛选了2014年1月至2018年5月期间在大韩民国国立癌症中心接受ICI治疗的233名晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的病历。随后,我们评估了部分因潜在感染性疾病住院但未接受免疫抑制治疗的患者(80 例)的临床特征和治疗结果。8例(3.4%)被确定为细菌性肺炎(5例)和蜂窝织炎、炎性表皮囊肿和伤口感染(各1例)。在 4 例肺炎患者中发现了肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌。从开始接受 ICI 治疗到感染的间隔时间从 3 天到 189 天不等(中位数为 24.5 天)。5 名患者(62.5%)在 ICI 治疗开始后一个月内受到感染。所有患者均接受了经验性抗生素治疗,无并发症后出院。接受 ICI 治疗的无进展生存期和总生存期的中位数分别为 11.5 个月和 25.5 个月。六名患者在感染后出现了与 ICI 相关的不良反应:带状疱疹感染(4 例)和肺炎(2 例)。在接受 ICI 治疗的肺癌患者中,与免疫抑制无关的感染性疾病虽然罕见,但也有可能发生。临床认识将有助于及时诊断免疫治疗期间的原发性感染。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Among Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With BRAF, ERBB2/HER2, MET , or RET Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review. PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂对BRAF、ERBB2/HER2、MET或RET改变的晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效:系统性文献综述。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000500
Katherine G Akers, Sabine Oskar, Bin Zhao, Andrew M Frederickson, Ashwini Arunachalam

The therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving due to advances in molecular testing and the development of new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in advanced or metastatic patients with NSCLC whose tumors harbor BRAF V600E mutation, HER2/ERBB2 alteration, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, or RET rearrangement is not completely understood. A systematic literature review was performed to summarize evidence from clinical trials and observational studies on objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients whose tumors express these biomarkers and who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE, conference abstracts, and a clinical trial registry identified a total of 12 unique studies: 4 studies included patients with BRAF V600E mutation, 6 studies included patients with HER2/ERBB2 alteration, 7 studies included patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation, and 5 studies included patients with RET rearrangement. Across studies, there was heterogeneity in treatment and patient characteristics and a lack of reporting on many important predictive and prognostic factors, including treatment regimens, patients' line of therapy, and tumor PD-L1 expression, which may explain the wide variation in objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival across studies. Therefore, additional studies prospectively evaluating clinical outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors among patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC whose tumors harbor emerging predictive or prognostic biomarkers are needed to determine whether this class of immunotherapy can provide additional survival benefits for these patients.

由于分子检测技术的进步以及新型靶向疗法和免疫疗法的开发,晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的治疗形势正在迅速发展。然而,程序性死亡1(PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂对肿瘤携带BRAF V600E突变、HER2/ERBB2改变、MET第14外显子跳跃突变或RET重排的晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效尚不完全清楚。我们进行了一项系统性文献综述,总结了临床试验和观察性研究中关于肿瘤表达这些生物标记物并接受 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂治疗的患者的客观反应率、无进展生存期和总生存期的证据。通过对 Embase、MEDLINE、会议摘要和临床试验登记处的检索,共发现了 12 项独特的研究:4项研究纳入了BRAF V600E突变患者,6项研究纳入了HER2/ERBB2改变患者,7项研究纳入了MET 14外显子跳越突变患者,5项研究纳入了RET重排患者。各研究在治疗和患者特征方面存在异质性,而且缺乏对许多重要预测和预后因素的报告,包括治疗方案、患者的治疗方案和肿瘤 PD-L1 表达,这可能是各研究在客观反应率、无进展生存期和总生存期方面差异较大的原因。因此,需要开展更多研究,前瞻性地评估肿瘤携带新的预测或预后生物标志物的晚期或转移性NSCLC患者使用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的临床疗效,以确定这类免疫疗法能否为这些患者带来更多生存获益。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Analysis of a Dendritic Cell Marker Genes Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma. 全面分析树突状细胞标记基因特征以预测肺腺癌的预后和免疫疗法反应
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000521
Peng Song, Yuan Li, Moyan Zhang, Baihan Lyu, Yong Cui, Shugeng Gao

With the development of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs), immunotherapy has recently taken center stage in cancer treatment. Dendritic cells exert complicated and important functions in antitumor immunity. This study aims to construct a novel dendritic cell marker gene signature (DCMGS) to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). DC marker genes in LUAD were identified by analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data. 6 genes (G0S2, KLF4, ALDH2, IER3, TXN, CD69) were screened as the most prognosis-related genes for constructing DCMGS on a training cohort from TCGA data set. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups by DCMGS risk score based on overall survival time. Then, the predictive ability of the risk model was validated in 6 independent cohorts. DCMGS was verified to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, we performed pathway enrichment analysis to explore possible biological mechanisms of the powerful predictive ability of DCMGS, and immune cell infiltration landscape and inflammatory activities were exhibited to reflect the immune profile. Notably, we bridged DCMGS with expression of immune checkpoints and TCR/BCR repertoire diversity that can inflect immunotherapy response. Finally, the predictive ability of DCMGS in immunotherapy response was also validated by 2 cohorts that had received immunotherapy. As a result, the patients with lower DCMGS risk scores showed a better prognosis and immunotherapy response. In conclusion, DCMGS was suggested to be a promising prognostic indicator for LUAD and a desirable predictor for immunotherapy response.

随着免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)的开发,免疫疗法最近已成为癌症治疗的核心。树突状细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中发挥着复杂而重要的功能。本研究旨在构建一种新型树突状细胞标记基因特征(DCMGS),以预测肺腺癌(LUAD)的预后和免疫治疗反应。通过分析单细胞 RNA 测序数据,确定了 LUAD 中的树突状细胞标记基因。从TCGA数据集的训练队列中筛选出6个基因(G0S2、KLF4、ALDH2、IER3、TXN、CD69)作为与预后最相关的基因,用于构建DCMGS。根据总生存时间,按 DCMGS 风险评分将患者分为高危和低危两组。然后,在 6 个独立队列中验证了风险模型的预测能力。多变量分析证实,DCMGS是一个独立的预后因素。此外,我们还进行了通路富集分析,以探索 DCMGS 强大预测能力的可能生物学机制,并展示了免疫细胞浸润图谱和炎症活动,以反映免疫特征。值得注意的是,我们将 DCMGS 与免疫检查点的表达和 TCR/BCR 复合物的多样性联系起来,这可能会影响免疫疗法的反应。最后,DCMGS 对免疫疗法反应的预测能力也通过两个接受过免疫疗法的队列进行了验证。结果显示,DCMGS 风险评分较低的患者预后和免疫治疗反应较好。总之,DCMGS 被认为是 LUAD 有希望的预后指标,也是免疫治疗反应的理想预测指标。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple Eruptive Keratoacanthomas Secondary to Nivolumab Immunotherapy. 纳武单抗免疫治疗继发的多发发疹性角膜棘瘤。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000498
Eric Olsen, Steven A Svoboda, Marjorie Montanez-Wiscovich, Sami K Saikaly

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being utilized for the treatment of advanced neoplastic disease and have been associated with wide-ranging cutaneous adverse effects. Though exceedingly rare, eruptive keratoacanthomas have been associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, whose molecular target is the programmed cell death protein 1. Herein, we detail a case of numerous eruptive keratoacanthomas arising in a patient one month after initiation of nivolumab for recurrent metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment with multiple rounds of intralesional corticosteroids and a several-month course of oral acitretin resulted in partial improvement. Subsequent treatment with intralesional 5-fluorouracil demonstrated near-complete resolution of the keratoacanthomas without discontinuation of nivolumab. Although eruptive keratoacanthomas secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors are exceptionally rare, physicians should be aware of this cutaneous adverse effect as their use becomes more widespread.

免疫检查点抑制剂越来越多地被用于晚期肿瘤疾病的治疗,并与广泛的皮肤不良反应有关。虽然极为罕见,但爆发性角棘瘤与免疫检查点抑制剂的使用有关,如派姆单抗和纳武单抗,其分子靶点是程序性细胞死亡蛋白1。在这里,我们详细介绍了一个病例的大量爆发角棘瘤出现在一个月后的病人开始纳伏单抗复发转移口咽鳞状细胞癌。多轮局部皮质类固醇治疗和几个月的口服阿维素治疗可部分改善。随后的局部5-氟尿嘧啶治疗显示,在没有停止纳武单抗的情况下,角膜棘瘤几乎完全消退。虽然继发于免疫检查点抑制剂的爆发性角棘瘤非常罕见,但随着它们的使用越来越广泛,医生应该意识到这种皮肤不良反应。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibition of PTPN3 Expressed in Activated Lymphocytes Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Especially in Hypoxic Environments. 抑制活化淋巴细胞中表达的 PTPN3 可增强头颈癌中抗 PD-1 疗法的抗肿瘤效果,尤其是在缺氧环境中。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000503
Shogo Masuda, Hideya Onishi, Naoya Iwamoto, Akira Imaizumi, Satoko Koga, Shinjiro Nagao, Keita Sakanashi, Shinsaku Itoyama, Akiko Fujimura, Noritaka Komune, Ryunosuke Kogo, Masayo Umebayashi, Takashi Morisaki, Takashi Nakagawa

In the tumor microenvironment, wherein cytotoxic lymphocytes interact with cancer cells, lymphocyte exhaustion, an immune checkpoint inhibitor target, is promoted. However, the efficacy of these inhibitors is limited, and improving response rates remains challenging. We previously reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type (PTPN) 3 is a potential immune checkpoint molecule for activated lymphocytes and that PTPN3 inhibition should be a focus area for cancer immunotherapy development. Therefore, in this study, we focused on PTPN3-suppressive therapy in terms of lymphocyte exhaustion under hypoxic conditions, which are a cancer microenvironment, and investigated measures for improving the response to anti-programmed death receptor (PD)-1 antibody drugs. We found that PTPN3 expression was upregulated in activated lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions, similar to the findings for other immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3, and lymphocyte-activation gene-3; furthermore, it functioned as a lymphocyte exhaustion marker. In addition, PTPN3-suppressed activated lymphocytes promoted the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Akt signaling pathway activation and enhanced proliferation, migration, and cytotoxic activities under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, PTPN3 suppression in activated lymphocytes increased PD-1 expression and enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibody drugs against head and neck cancer in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the suppression of PTPN3 expression in activated lymphocytes enhances the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody drugs in head and neck cancer, especially under hypoxic conditions that cause lymphocyte exhaustion.

在肿瘤微环境中,细胞毒性淋巴细胞与癌细胞相互作用,促进了免疫检查点抑制剂的靶点--淋巴细胞衰竭。然而,这些抑制剂的疗效有限,提高应答率仍具有挑战性。我们曾报道,蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶非受体型(PTPN)3 是活化淋巴细胞的潜在免疫检查点分子,抑制 PTPN3 应成为癌症免疫疗法开发的重点领域。因此,在本研究中,我们从癌症微环境缺氧条件下淋巴细胞衰竭的角度出发,重点研究了PTPN3抑制疗法,并探讨了改善抗程序性死亡受体(PD)-1抗体药物反应的措施。我们发现,在缺氧条件下,活化淋巴细胞中的PTPN3表达上调,这与其他免疫检查点分子(如PD-1、T细胞免疫球蛋白粘蛋白-3和淋巴细胞活化基因-3)的研究结果相似;此外,它还具有淋巴细胞衰竭标志物的功能。此外,在缺氧条件下,PTPN3抑制的活化淋巴细胞促进了哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(mTOR)-Akt信号通路的活化,并增强了增殖、迁移和细胞毒性活性。此外,抑制活化淋巴细胞中的 PTPN3 可增加 PD-1 的表达,增强抗 PD-1 抗体药物在体外和体内对头颈癌的抗肿瘤作用。这些结果表明,抑制活化淋巴细胞中 PTPN3 的表达可增强抗 PD-1 抗体药物对头颈癌的治疗效果,尤其是在导致淋巴细胞衰竭的缺氧条件下。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Immunotherapy
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