Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.24867/jged-2021-4-005
Slaven Miloš, Đorđe Vujčić, I. Majnarić
This paper investigates the possibility of reproducing Braille by UV ink-jet printing on self-adhesive labels, previously printed by flexo printing technol- ogy. The aim was to determine whether it is possible to reproduce Braille, the degree of quality of created Braille dots (cells), the legibility of Braille text, and how many layers of varnish are necessary for quality reproduc- tion. The Braille letter was applied to the previously printed label (design) using 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 layers of varnish. It has been found that it is possible to reproduce a quality and legible Braille. With the increase in the number of layers, the assessment of legibility and quality of reproduction by the respondents also increased. Samples reproduced with 12 layers of varnish received a very good grade of legibility and good grade for quality of Braille. Samples reproduced with 8 and 10 layers received bad grades for legibility, and even worse for quality, while samples with a higher number of layers of varnish, 14 and 16, received even better grades. The threshold for quality reproduction would therefore be the use of 12 layers of varnish, where a good ratio of workmanship and economy is obtained.
{"title":"Use and analysis of UV varnish printed braille information on commercial packaging products","authors":"Slaven Miloš, Đorđe Vujčić, I. Majnarić","doi":"10.24867/jged-2021-4-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/jged-2021-4-005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the possibility of reproducing Braille by UV ink-jet printing on self-adhesive labels, previously printed by flexo printing technol- ogy. The aim was to determine whether it is possible to reproduce Braille, the degree of quality of created Braille dots (cells), the legibility of Braille text, and how many layers of varnish are necessary for quality reproduc- tion. The Braille letter was applied to the previously printed label (design) using 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 layers of varnish. It has been found that it is possible to reproduce a quality and legible Braille. With the increase in the number of layers, the assessment of legibility and quality of reproduction by the respondents also increased. Samples reproduced with 12 layers of varnish received a very good grade of legibility and good grade for quality of Braille. Samples reproduced with 8 and 10 layers received bad grades for legibility, and even worse for quality, while samples with a higher number of layers of varnish, 14 and 16, received even better grades. The threshold for quality reproduction would therefore be the use of 12 layers of varnish, where a good ratio of workmanship and economy is obtained.","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.24867/jged-2021-4-033
Minja Malešević, Mladen Stančić
Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire, in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options. The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.
{"title":"Influence of packaging design parameters on customers’ decision-making process","authors":"Minja Malešević, Mladen Stančić","doi":"10.24867/jged-2021-4-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/jged-2021-4-033","url":null,"abstract":"Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire, in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options. The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2021-2-029
Ashraf Abd El-Rahman Elsayed Saad, C. Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy, S. Yenidoğan
Accelerating the transition to post-print processes needed in the printing industry and shortening the time the product's release time is closely related to the drying time of the ink film. The drying of fluid ink on the surface of the print substrate, transforming from liquid to solid occurs physically and chemically in several ways. Drying systems can be functional alone on the surface of the printing substrate for an ink film or depending on the chemical content of the ink and the properties of the printing substrate, drying can be achieved at the same time with more than one system.Recently, in order to reduce climate, environmental and health impacts and with the development of technology, significant changes are also being experienced in the printing industry and preferences are changing. In this study, more environmentally friendly LED UV and microwave drying systems that save time and energy together with existing basic drying systems such as absorption, evaporation, oxidation-polymerization and conventional UV used in the printing industry are examined. The advantages of different drying systems to the printing industry, preferred drying systems and new studies on this issue have been evaluated.
{"title":"Drying methods of the printing inks","authors":"Ashraf Abd El-Rahman Elsayed Saad, C. Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy, S. Yenidoğan","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2021-2-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2021-2-029","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerating the transition to post-print processes needed in the printing industry and shortening the time the product's release time is closely related to the drying time of the ink film. The drying of fluid ink on the surface of the print substrate, transforming from liquid to solid occurs physically and chemically in several ways. Drying systems can be functional alone on the surface of the printing substrate for an ink film or depending on the chemical content of the ink and the properties of the printing substrate, drying can be achieved at the same time with more than one system.Recently, in order to reduce climate, environmental and health impacts and with the development of technology, significant changes are also being experienced in the printing industry and preferences are changing. In this study, more environmentally friendly LED UV and microwave drying systems that save time and energy together with existing basic drying systems such as absorption, evaporation, oxidation-polymerization and conventional UV used in the printing industry are examined. The advantages of different drying systems to the printing industry, preferred drying systems and new studies on this issue have been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.24867/jged-2020-2-011
C. Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy
In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.
{"title":"Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process","authors":"C. Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy","doi":"10.24867/jged-2020-2-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-011","url":null,"abstract":"In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2019-1-019
S. Havenko, O. Konyukhov, I. Konyukhova
{"title":"Electronic and microscopic analysis of offset imprints of barcodes on cardboards","authors":"S. Havenko, O. Konyukhov, I. Konyukhova","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2019-1-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2019-1-019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48954536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2019-1-013
Antonija Kovač, Dorotea Kovačević, Josip Bota, M. Brozović
Marketing activities are geared towards consumption increase in order to gain profit. Understanding the logic of consumer behaviour can significantly contribute to successfully achieving this goal. Many researches point out the fact that impulsive buying is most common, and in those cases packaging design has a significant impact. Consumers will connect the package quality with the product itself, so if a packaging conveys the feeling of low-quality consumers will perceive it as if the product is of low quality as well, even if that is not the case (Underwood et al, 2001). Presentation of higher quality, product improvement, enhancing visual impact on customers, specific presentation of the brand, improvement of the relationship between the brand and consumer all can contribute to competitive advantage (Ahmad, A. & Ahmad, Q., 2015). Purchase decision also depends on socio-demographic characteristics of consumers, price and quality of the product, type of packaging, labels and brands (Aday & Ugur, 2014). However, the ability of packaging design to attract and keep consumers’ attention is directly linked with a positive opinion of the product (Schormanns & Robben, 1997). Attractive packaging of a product at the point of sale will help consumers make decisions in the store quickly (Silayoi & Speece, 2004). Therefore, understanding the way of how consumers perceive and evaluate packaging during the purchase decision phase can give guidelines for design and communication strategies. Silayoi & Speence (2007) define two categories of elements which potentially have an impact on the purchase decision: visual and informative. Visual elements include graphics, typography, colour, size and shape of the packaging, while the informative elements refer to the information and technology that was used to produce the packaging. Information and visual elements have the most important role in the purchase decision phase in comparison with other phases.
{"title":"Consumers’ preferences for visual elements on chocolate packaging","authors":"Antonija Kovač, Dorotea Kovačević, Josip Bota, M. Brozović","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2019-1-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2019-1-013","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing activities are geared towards consumption increase in order to gain profit. Understanding the logic of consumer behaviour can significantly contribute to successfully achieving this goal. Many researches point out the fact that impulsive buying is most common, and in those cases packaging design has a significant impact. Consumers will connect the package quality with the product itself, so if a packaging conveys the feeling of low-quality consumers will perceive it as if the product is of low quality as well, even if that is not the case (Underwood et al, 2001). Presentation of higher quality, product improvement, enhancing visual impact on customers, specific presentation of the brand, improvement of the relationship between the brand and consumer all can contribute to competitive advantage (Ahmad, A. & Ahmad, Q., 2015). Purchase decision also depends on socio-demographic characteristics of consumers, price and quality of the product, type of packaging, labels and brands (Aday & Ugur, 2014). However, the ability of packaging design to attract and keep consumers’ attention is directly linked with a positive opinion of the product (Schormanns & Robben, 1997). Attractive packaging of a product at the point of sale will help consumers make decisions in the store quickly (Silayoi & Speece, 2004). Therefore, understanding the way of how consumers perceive and evaluate packaging during the purchase decision phase can give guidelines for design and communication strategies. Silayoi & Speence (2007) define two categories of elements which potentially have an impact on the purchase decision: visual and informative. Visual elements include graphics, typography, colour, size and shape of the packaging, while the informative elements refer to the information and technology that was used to produce the packaging. Information and visual elements have the most important role in the purchase decision phase in comparison with other phases.","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45877791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2019-1-025
Đorđe Vujčić
{"title":"Colour fastness of screen printed polyamide knitwear to chlorinated water","authors":"Đorđe Vujčić","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2019-1-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2019-1-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2019-1-005
C. Aydemir, S. Yenidoğan
One of many elements that influence print quality in offset is the wetting process of nonprinting areas of the printing plate (Cigula et al., 2010). On the offset printing plate surface, the sections that are required and not required to convey ink are at the same level. Due to the fact that that there is no height difference, the areas on the plate surface which are demanded to be inked and not inked can be separated with the interaction between dampening solution and printing ink (Aydemir & Özakhun, 2014). Non-imaging areas of the printing plate are formed by aluminum mostly surface treated to enhance their wettability (Huber, 2008). In the areas on the printing plate surface that are demanded to be printed there is an emulsion material, and in the areas that are not demanded to be printed, there are micro grain pores that water can be adsorbed. The imaging areas with emulsion on the plate surface have an oleophilic feature to receive ink and non-imaging grained areas have a hydrophilic feature to receive moisturizing water (Novaković, Karlović & Gojo, 2009).
{"title":"The influence of surface tension on wetting in dampening solution and sustainability of printing: A review","authors":"C. Aydemir, S. Yenidoğan","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2019-1-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2019-1-005","url":null,"abstract":"One of many elements that influence print quality in offset is the wetting process of nonprinting areas of the printing plate (Cigula et al., 2010). On the offset printing plate surface, the sections that are required and not required to convey ink are at the same level. Due to the fact that that there is no height difference, the areas on the plate surface which are demanded to be inked and not inked can be separated with the interaction between dampening solution and printing ink (Aydemir & Özakhun, 2014). Non-imaging areas of the printing plate are formed by aluminum mostly surface treated to enhance their wettability (Huber, 2008). In the areas on the printing plate surface that are demanded to be printed there is an emulsion material, and in the areas that are not demanded to be printed, there are micro grain pores that water can be adsorbed. The imaging areas with emulsion on the plate surface have an oleophilic feature to receive ink and non-imaging grained areas have a hydrophilic feature to receive moisturizing water (Novaković, Karlović & Gojo, 2009).","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.24867/jged-2018-2-021
I. Karlovits, G. Lavrič, T. Nemeš
{"title":"The influence of micro and macro porosity of paper on wet repellence mottling in offset printing","authors":"I. Karlovits, G. Lavrič, T. Nemeš","doi":"10.24867/jged-2018-2-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/jged-2018-2-021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.24867/JGED-2018-2-033
Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Milena Bečelić Tomin, S. Rapajić, M. Prica, Đ. Kerkez, B. Dalmacija, A. Kulić Mandić
{"title":"Experimental design of photo-Fenton process decolorization of Reactive Red 120 by using mathematical statistics models","authors":"Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Milena Bečelić Tomin, S. Rapajić, M. Prica, Đ. Kerkez, B. Dalmacija, A. Kulić Mandić","doi":"10.24867/JGED-2018-2-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/JGED-2018-2-033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of graphic engineering and design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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