Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The Atrogin-1 gene is selectively expressed only in muscle tissue. Considering the importance of the Kelussia and Atrogin-1 gene, this study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and Kelussia on the expression of Atrogin-1 gene in the heart tissue of obese rats. Material & Methods: In total, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 200 g were selected and divided into five groups of control, negative control (obese mice), two treatment groups receiving doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of Kelussia extract, and a group of obese mice along with exercise. It should be noted that a rat treadmill was used in which the rats were placed on the device five days a week for one hour. Atrogin-1 gene expression was assessed using Real-time (RT)-PCR technique, and finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS software through an independent t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (Ethic code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1399.050) Findings: The results showed that Kelussia extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg could significantly reduce the expression of Atrogin-1 gene (1.15±0.33), compared to 400 (1.27±0.50) and the obese group. On the other hand, the group of mice with exercise also had a significant decrease in Atrogin1 gene expression, compared to the obese group (1.75±0.84). The results of biochemical tests also confirmed the improvement of the heart of obese mice with 800 mg/kg. Discussion & Conclusion: Kelussia due to compounds, such as flavonoids, can reduce the expression of Atrogin-1 gene. If it is confirmed in future studies, it can be a therapeutic target in the hearts of obese people.
{"title":"Effect of Exercise and Kelussia Odaratissma Mozaff on the Expression of Atrogin-1 Gene in Cardiac Tissue of Obese Rats","authors":"Raziye Mahmoodi, Hossein Sazegar","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.4.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.4.83","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The Atrogin-1 gene is selectively expressed only in muscle tissue. Considering the importance of the Kelussia and Atrogin-1 gene, this study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and Kelussia on the expression of Atrogin-1 gene in the heart tissue of obese rats. Material & Methods: In total, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 200 g were selected and divided into five groups of control, negative control (obese mice), two treatment groups receiving doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of Kelussia extract, and a group of obese mice along with exercise. It should be noted that a rat treadmill was used in which the rats were placed on the device five days a week for one hour. Atrogin-1 gene expression was assessed using Real-time (RT)-PCR technique, and finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS software through an independent t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. (Ethic code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1399.050) Findings: The results showed that Kelussia extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg could significantly reduce the expression of Atrogin-1 gene (1.15±0.33), compared to 400 (1.27±0.50) and the obese group. On the other hand, the group of mice with exercise also had a significant decrease in Atrogin1 gene expression, compared to the obese group (1.75±0.84). The results of biochemical tests also confirmed the improvement of the heart of obese mice with 800 mg/kg. Discussion & Conclusion: Kelussia due to compounds, such as flavonoids, can reduce the expression of Atrogin-1 gene. If it is confirmed in future studies, it can be a therapeutic target in the hearts of obese people.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89849269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Overexpression of the EGFR is associated with carcinogenesis, and it is observed in more than 70% of head and neck cancers. The expression of an immunotoxin against EGFR designed as an alternative to full antibody led to the production of aggregated protein in the form of inclusion bodies. This study aimed to investigate the 8M urea and 6M guanidine hydrochloride approaches for obtaining the immunotoxin as the soluble and effective form with correct folding. Material & Methods: The BL21 (DE3) cells containing the pET28ahuimmunotoxin construct were induced by 1 mM IPTG at 37°C for 24 h, and the amount of expression was checked by SDS-PAGE. This immunotoxin was in the form of inclusion bodies and was solubilized individually in 8 M urea and 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and then purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was observed as a single band in SDS-PAGE analysis. To correctly refold the obtained immunotoxin, the purified samples were poured into a dialysis bag, and denaturing agents were removed in a multi-step process called stepwise dialysis. The reactivity assessment of the purified and refold immunotoxin was assessed by ELISA technique using A431 cell lysate. Findings: The immunotoxin (17 mg/ml) was expressed using the bacteria cells in the form of inclusion bodies. The refolded humanized immunotoxin had a high reactivity with A431 cells, indicating the suitable folding of the purified immunotoxin. The 50% binding activity rates of humanized immunotoxin obtained from urea and guanidine hydrochloride approaches were 0.8 and 1.7 μg/ml, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the urea approach was very effective in solubilizing and proper refolding of immunotoxins that were expressed in bacteria cells as inclusion bodies.
文章类型:原创文章简介:EGFR过表达与癌变有关，在70%以上的头颈癌中均有发现。针对EGFR的免疫毒素的表达被设计为全抗体的替代品，导致以包涵体形式聚集蛋白的产生。本研究旨在探讨8M尿素和6M胍盐酸盐的方法，以获得可溶有效形式的免疫毒素，并正确折叠。材料与方法:将含有pET28ahuimmunotoxin构建物的BL21 (DE3)细胞用1 mM IPTG在37℃下诱导24 h, SDS-PAGE检测表达量。该免疫毒素以包体形式存在，分别溶解于8 M尿素和6 M盐酸胍中，经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化，SDS-PAGE分析显示为单条带。为了正确地重新折叠获得的免疫毒素，将纯化的样品倒入透析袋中，并在称为逐步透析的多步骤过程中去除变性剂。利用A431细胞裂解液，采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)评价纯化和重组后的免疫毒素的反应性。结果:细菌细胞以包涵体的形式表达免疫毒素(17mg /ml)。重组后的人源化免疫毒素与A431细胞具有较高的反应性，表明重组后的人源化免疫毒素折叠效果良好。尿素法和盐酸胍法获得的人源化免疫毒素50%的结合率分别为0.8和1.7 μg/ml。讨论与结论:本研究结果表明，尿素法对以包涵体形式在细菌细胞中表达的免疫毒素具有很好的增溶作用和适当的再折叠作用。
{"title":"Optimization of the Refolding Process for Recombinant Anti-EGFR Immunotoxin Produced in the Escherichia coli","authors":"Bahman Akbari","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.5.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.5.63","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Overexpression of the EGFR is associated with carcinogenesis, and it is observed in more than 70% of head and neck cancers. The expression of an immunotoxin against EGFR designed as an alternative to full antibody led to the production of aggregated protein in the form of inclusion bodies. This study aimed to investigate the 8M urea and 6M guanidine hydrochloride approaches for obtaining the immunotoxin as the soluble and effective form with correct folding. Material & Methods: The BL21 (DE3) cells containing the pET28ahuimmunotoxin construct were induced by 1 mM IPTG at 37°C for 24 h, and the amount of expression was checked by SDS-PAGE. This immunotoxin was in the form of inclusion bodies and was solubilized individually in 8 M urea and 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and then purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was observed as a single band in SDS-PAGE analysis. To correctly refold the obtained immunotoxin, the purified samples were poured into a dialysis bag, and denaturing agents were removed in a multi-step process called stepwise dialysis. The reactivity assessment of the purified and refold immunotoxin was assessed by ELISA technique using A431 cell lysate. Findings: The immunotoxin (17 mg/ml) was expressed using the bacteria cells in the form of inclusion bodies. The refolded humanized immunotoxin had a high reactivity with A431 cells, indicating the suitable folding of the purified immunotoxin. The 50% binding activity rates of humanized immunotoxin obtained from urea and guanidine hydrochloride approaches were 0.8 and 1.7 μg/ml, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the urea approach was very effective in solubilizing and proper refolding of immunotoxins that were expressed in bacteria cells as inclusion bodies.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The Ministry of Health influences the executive organizations through the high councils and the decision-making system. It is necessary to adopt an inter-sectoral cooperation approach, seek appropriate support for interacting with these councils, focus on the health taken decisions, and analyze their current situation. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and barriers to the interaction of high councils of health with the Iran Ministry of Health. Material & Methods: The present study is a field-based qualitative study that was conducted to analyze the current situation of the High Councils. Data were collected through interviews, group discussion sessions, and document analysis. To collect the data, 23 interviews and 2 focus group sessions were conducted using purposive sampling. The obtained data were then analyzed using MAXQDA software (version 10). (Ethic code: 162432750) Findings: The results of the study showed that in terms of activity, the elected high councils are divided into three categories of active, semi-active, and inactive. Challenges facing these councils include lack of financial and human resources, inadequate structure and organization, non-transparent rules and regulations, lack of executive guarantees, poor planning and cross-sectoral coordination, lack of monitoring and evaluation system, low level of awareness and attitude of policy makers and managers about health, poor leadership of the Ministry of Health, and finally the lack of a health appendix in approvals. The improvement of the performance of high councils in applying the health appendix to approvals can be achieved through such interventions as 1. Policy interventions, 2. Executive structure interventions, and 3. Culture building and advocacy. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is necessary for the health system to develop inter-sectoral cooperation and seek appropriate support from high councils in order to fairly improve community health indicators, take action to reduce barriers to interaction through policy, executive, culturebuilding, and advocacy interventions.
{"title":"Challenges and Barriers to the Interaction of High Councils of Health with the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Amin Karimi, S. Mahfoozpour, S. Hesam, B. Damari","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.4.28","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The Ministry of Health influences the executive organizations through the high councils and the decision-making system. It is necessary to adopt an inter-sectoral cooperation approach, seek appropriate support for interacting with these councils, focus on the health taken decisions, and analyze their current situation. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and barriers to the interaction of high councils of health with the Iran Ministry of Health. Material & Methods: The present study is a field-based qualitative study that was conducted to analyze the current situation of the High Councils. Data were collected through interviews, group discussion sessions, and document analysis. To collect the data, 23 interviews and 2 focus group sessions were conducted using purposive sampling. The obtained data were then analyzed using MAXQDA software (version 10). (Ethic code: 162432750) Findings: The results of the study showed that in terms of activity, the elected high councils are divided into three categories of active, semi-active, and inactive. Challenges facing these councils include lack of financial and human resources, inadequate structure and organization, non-transparent rules and regulations, lack of executive guarantees, poor planning and cross-sectoral coordination, lack of monitoring and evaluation system, low level of awareness and attitude of policy makers and managers about health, poor leadership of the Ministry of Health, and finally the lack of a health appendix in approvals. The improvement of the performance of high councils in applying the health appendix to approvals can be achieved through such interventions as 1. Policy interventions, 2. Executive structure interventions, and 3. Culture building and advocacy. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is necessary for the health system to develop inter-sectoral cooperation and seek appropriate support from high councils in order to fairly improve community health indicators, take action to reduce barriers to interaction through policy, executive, culturebuilding, and advocacy interventions.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mojib salehi balashahri, Azar Davari, B. Fazeli-Nasab
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Phenolic compounds and flavonoids have several biological properties, such as antioxidant properties, trapping free radicals, and anti-inflammatory properties. Different solvents have different capabilities in extracting phenolic materials and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare the different plants in the south of Iran regarding phenolic content and antioxidant properties; moreover, it was attempted to evaluate the effect of the solvent type on the mentioned issues. Material & Methods: A total of 15 genotypes of medicinal plants (Ficus religiosa L, Terminalia catappa, Ficus carica, Cordia myxa, Black mulberry, Grewia asiatica, Psidium guajava, Mangifera 1, Mangifera 2, Eucalypteae, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus 1, Citrullus colocynthis, Ziziphus 2, Punica granatum) were obtained from Roodān region (Hormozgan Province in Iran) and were also evaluated based on two types of methanolic and acetone extracts in terms of antioxidant properties, as well as phenolic and flavonoid substances in a factorial design in a completely randomized format with three replications. Data were analyzed using Statistic software (version 10), and the means were compared using the least significant difference at a 1% probability level. Findings: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the mutual effect of the plant and antioxidant properties (based on the DPPH) for acetone and methanolic extracts was significant at a 1% probability level. In the use of acetone solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in eucalyptus (7.43 mg/gFW), followed by Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (6.52 mg/gFW). Furthermore, the highest amount of flavonoids was in mango 1 (23.21 mg/gFW), followed by Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (18.75 mg/gFW) and eucalyptus (15.36 mg/gFW). The most antioxidant properties were in Psidium guajava (Guava) (85.24%), followed by Ziziphus mauritiana 1 (Jujube 1) (82.68%) and Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.31%). In the use of methanol solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (7.82 mg/gFW), followed by eucalyptus (7.34 mg/gFW). In addition, the highest amount of flavonoids was in Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (mangroves) and mango 1 (24.46 mg/gFW and 25.06 mg/gFW, respectively) and then Grewia asiatica (Phalsa) (16.07 mg/gFW) and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (13.51 mg/gFW). The highest antioxidant properties were obtained from Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.07%), pomegranate (78.97%), and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (78.16%). Discussion & Conclusion: The most critical solvent for the extraction of phenol and Flavonoid substances with high oxidative properties is acetone. The most useful plants in terms of the presence of materials and antioxidant properties were Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube).
{"title":"Effect of the Solvent Type on Phenolic and Flavonoid Substances and Antioxidant Properties of Leaves of 15 Medicinal Plants in Roodān Region of Southern Iran","authors":"Mojib salehi balashahri, Azar Davari, B. Fazeli-Nasab","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Phenolic compounds and flavonoids have several biological properties, such as antioxidant properties, trapping free radicals, and anti-inflammatory properties. Different solvents have different capabilities in extracting phenolic materials and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare the different plants in the south of Iran regarding phenolic content and antioxidant properties; moreover, it was attempted to evaluate the effect of the solvent type on the mentioned issues. Material & Methods: A total of 15 genotypes of medicinal plants (Ficus religiosa L, Terminalia catappa, Ficus carica, Cordia myxa, Black mulberry, Grewia asiatica, Psidium guajava, Mangifera 1, Mangifera 2, Eucalypteae, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus 1, Citrullus colocynthis, Ziziphus 2, Punica granatum) were obtained from Roodān region (Hormozgan Province in Iran) and were also evaluated based on two types of methanolic and acetone extracts in terms of antioxidant properties, as well as phenolic and flavonoid substances in a factorial design in a completely randomized format with three replications. Data were analyzed using Statistic software (version 10), and the means were compared using the least significant difference at a 1% probability level. Findings: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the mutual effect of the plant and antioxidant properties (based on the DPPH) for acetone and methanolic extracts was significant at a 1% probability level. In the use of acetone solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in eucalyptus (7.43 mg/gFW), followed by Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (6.52 mg/gFW). Furthermore, the highest amount of flavonoids was in mango 1 (23.21 mg/gFW), followed by Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (18.75 mg/gFW) and eucalyptus (15.36 mg/gFW). The most antioxidant properties were in Psidium guajava (Guava) (85.24%), followed by Ziziphus mauritiana 1 (Jujube 1) (82.68%) and Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.31%). In the use of methanol solvent, the highest amount of phenol was in Syzygium cumini (Java Plum) (7.82 mg/gFW), followed by eucalyptus (7.34 mg/gFW). In addition, the highest amount of flavonoids was in Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (mangroves) and mango 1 (24.46 mg/gFW and 25.06 mg/gFW, respectively) and then Grewia asiatica (Phalsa) (16.07 mg/gFW) and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (13.51 mg/gFW). The highest antioxidant properties were obtained from Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) (82.07%), pomegranate (78.97%), and Ziziphus mauritiana 1(Jujube 1) (78.16%). Discussion & Conclusion: The most critical solvent for the extraction of phenol and Flavonoid substances with high oxidative properties is acetone. The most useful plants in terms of the presence of materials and antioxidant properties were Terminalia catappa (Indian-almond) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube).","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi, M. Doudi, N. Naghavi, R. Monajemi
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The emergence of Escherichia coli resistance to common antibiotics in burn wound patients has become a controversial problem in Iran trauma and burn hospitals. The emergence of more and more drug resistance by infectious pathogens paves the way for further study of the nature of phages, and phage therapy can significantly address this crisis. In the first phase, this study aimed to isolate and identify the biochemical and molecular nature of antibioticresistant E. coli, which causes burn wound infections. The second phase of this study isolated the specific phages of the bacteria in these wounds and then evaluated the morphological characteristics of the phage and the host area. Material & Methods: In this study, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from specialized accident and burn hospitals in Isfahan, Yazd, Tehran, and Rasht. Accurate identification and study of antibiotic resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion method on agar. The 16S rRNA coding gene was amplified using the PCR technique. The PCR product was then sent to "Gene Azma" laboratory for sequencing. In order to isolate the possible phages, a sample was taken from the raw wastewater (entrance of the northern treatment plant) in Isfahan, Iran. Phage morphology was assessed and reported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); moreover, phage plate count and host range were assessed for this bacteriophage. Findings: Bacterial 16S rRNA sequence was located in NCBI with MW844043 Accession Number. The specific phage PφBw-Ec01 was significantly able to infect resistant E. coli bacteria. TEM demonstrated that the isolated phage was dsRNA and belonged to the family Cystoviridae with prototype ɸ6. PφBw-Ec01 lytic phage was highly effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli strain ADB_66-1 in this study. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this report showed that E. coli isolated from burn wounds of hospitalized patients had high resistance to common antibiotics. The studied phage in this study can be a good choice and a suitable option for controlling and inhibiting these resistant pathogens in the burn wounds of hospitalized patients. It is hoped that with more extensive research on the identity and study of the effectiveness of phages, the rate of bacterial lysis will be investigated. This issue will reduce the microbial load caused by resistant and infectious pathogens and can be used as an effective adjuvant against burn wound infections.
{"title":"Bacteriolytic Activity of Novel Bacteriophage PϕBw Ec01 from Cystoviridae Family against the Clinical Strain of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia Coli in Burn Wounds","authors":"Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi, M. Doudi, N. Naghavi, R. Monajemi","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.5.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.5.44","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The emergence of Escherichia coli resistance to common antibiotics in burn wound patients has become a controversial problem in Iran trauma and burn hospitals. The emergence of more and more drug resistance by infectious pathogens paves the way for further study of the nature of phages, and phage therapy can significantly address this crisis. In the first phase, this study aimed to isolate and identify the biochemical and molecular nature of antibioticresistant E. coli, which causes burn wound infections. The second phase of this study isolated the specific phages of the bacteria in these wounds and then evaluated the morphological characteristics of the phage and the host area. Material & Methods: In this study, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from specialized accident and burn hospitals in Isfahan, Yazd, Tehran, and Rasht. Accurate identification and study of antibiotic resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion method on agar. The 16S rRNA coding gene was amplified using the PCR technique. The PCR product was then sent to \"Gene Azma\" laboratory for sequencing. In order to isolate the possible phages, a sample was taken from the raw wastewater (entrance of the northern treatment plant) in Isfahan, Iran. Phage morphology was assessed and reported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); moreover, phage plate count and host range were assessed for this bacteriophage. Findings: Bacterial 16S rRNA sequence was located in NCBI with MW844043 Accession Number. The specific phage PφBw-Ec01 was significantly able to infect resistant E. coli bacteria. TEM demonstrated that the isolated phage was dsRNA and belonged to the family Cystoviridae with prototype ɸ6. PφBw-Ec01 lytic phage was highly effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli strain ADB_66-1 in this study. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this report showed that E. coli isolated from burn wounds of hospitalized patients had high resistance to common antibiotics. The studied phage in this study can be a good choice and a suitable option for controlling and inhibiting these resistant pathogens in the burn wounds of hospitalized patients. It is hoped that with more extensive research on the identity and study of the effectiveness of phages, the rate of bacterial lysis will be investigated. This issue will reduce the microbial load caused by resistant and infectious pathogens and can be used as an effective adjuvant against burn wound infections.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77825928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Edalatmanesh, Samireh Nemati, Habibollah Khodabandeh
Introduction: Stem cell-based therapies create new hope for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective and regeneration effects, this study aimed to investigate the memory, learning, and antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus following human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (Ad-MSC) transplantation in Trimethyltin (TMT) rat's model of AD. Material & Methods: In total, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (8 animals per group) of control (without any treatment), TMT+PBS (Trimethyltin+Phosphate buffer saline), and TMT+Ad-MSC (Trimethyltin+Stem cells). For the induction of the AD, TMT was peritoneally injected (8 mg/Kg). After 48 h, the TMT+Ad-MSC group received 1 million stem cells intravenously. One month after transplantation, avoidance and working memories were evaluated. Afterward, hippocampal levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using ELISA. Findings: The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of correct motor frequency in the Y maze, a decrease in the spent time in the dark room (P<0.05), and an increase in the latency time to the dark room in the TMT+Ad-MSC group, compared to the TMT+PBS group (P<0.01). Moreover, a significant increase in the CAT, SOD, and GPX enzymes activity, as well as a decrease in the MDA level in the hippocampus were observed in the TMT+Ad-MSC group, compared to the TMT+PBS group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: Xenotransplantation of human adipose tissue stem cell improved learning and memory, reduced tissue oxidative stress, and increased hippocampal antioxidant capacity in an animal model of AD.
{"title":"Systemic Transplantation Effect of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cognitive Deficits and Hippocampal Antioxidant Capacity in Trimethyltin Model of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"M. Edalatmanesh, Samireh Nemati, Habibollah Khodabandeh","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.5.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.5.32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stem cell-based therapies create new hope for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective and regeneration effects, this study aimed to investigate the memory, learning, and antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus following human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (Ad-MSC) transplantation in Trimethyltin (TMT) rat's model of AD. Material & Methods: In total, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (8 animals per group) of control (without any treatment), TMT+PBS (Trimethyltin+Phosphate buffer saline), and TMT+Ad-MSC (Trimethyltin+Stem cells). For the induction of the AD, TMT was peritoneally injected (8 mg/Kg). After 48 h, the TMT+Ad-MSC group received 1 million stem cells intravenously. One month after transplantation, avoidance and working memories were evaluated. Afterward, hippocampal levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using ELISA. Findings: The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of correct motor frequency in the Y maze, a decrease in the spent time in the dark room (P<0.05), and an increase in the latency time to the dark room in the TMT+Ad-MSC group, compared to the TMT+PBS group (P<0.01). Moreover, a significant increase in the CAT, SOD, and GPX enzymes activity, as well as a decrease in the MDA level in the hippocampus were observed in the TMT+Ad-MSC group, compared to the TMT+PBS group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: Xenotransplantation of human adipose tissue stem cell improved learning and memory, reduced tissue oxidative stress, and increased hippocampal antioxidant capacity in an animal model of AD.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87831119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakineh Baghbeheshti, S. Hadadian, A. Eidi, L. Pishkar, H. Rahimi
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The study of the effects of synthetic peptides with antibacterial properties can provide more effective antibiotics. This study designed, expressed, and investigated the Sushi 3 tetramer peptide. Subsequently, it was compared in terms of changing antibacterial properties with another Sushi3 tetramer peptide the aspartic acid and proline amino acids of which were replaced with glycine and serine amino acids. Material & Methods: First, the mentioned Sushi3 tetramer peptide sequences were designed, constructed, and named Mer1 and Mer 2, respectively, and cloned separately into plasmid pET-26b (+) and finally transferred to E.coli BL21 host (DE3). After the expression of the peptides, the presence of peptides was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Afterward, the antimicrobial activity of Mer1 and Mer 2 was evaluated and compared. Finally, the toxicity of the two tetramers made on the MDA-MB-231 cell line was evaluated and compared. Findings: Mer1 and Mer 2 had similar protein expression, and the toxic effect of both peptides on the cell line was not significantly different. however, Mer 2 had more effective antimicrobial effects than Mer1 at the same concentrations. Discussion & Conclusion: Evaluation of the effect of amino acid replacement with less negatively charge on increasing the antimicrobial activity of peptides is a suitable strategy. The above results increase the possibility of designing and producing antimicrobial peptides against antibiotic-resistant strains as the next generation of antibiotics.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Less Negatively Charged Amino Acid Substitution in Synthetic Tetramer Peptide S3 Derived from Horseshoe Crab Ambocyte on its Antibacterial Properties","authors":"Sakineh Baghbeheshti, S. Hadadian, A. Eidi, L. Pishkar, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.4.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.4.103","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: The study of the effects of synthetic peptides with antibacterial properties can provide more effective antibiotics. This study designed, expressed, and investigated the Sushi 3 tetramer peptide. Subsequently, it was compared in terms of changing antibacterial properties with another Sushi3 tetramer peptide the aspartic acid and proline amino acids of which were replaced with glycine and serine amino acids. Material & Methods: First, the mentioned Sushi3 tetramer peptide sequences were designed, constructed, and named Mer1 and Mer 2, respectively, and cloned separately into plasmid pET-26b (+) and finally transferred to E.coli BL21 host (DE3). After the expression of the peptides, the presence of peptides was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Afterward, the antimicrobial activity of Mer1 and Mer 2 was evaluated and compared. Finally, the toxicity of the two tetramers made on the MDA-MB-231 cell line was evaluated and compared. Findings: Mer1 and Mer 2 had similar protein expression, and the toxic effect of both peptides on the cell line was not significantly different. however, Mer 2 had more effective antimicrobial effects than Mer1 at the same concentrations. Discussion & Conclusion: Evaluation of the effect of amino acid replacement with less negatively charge on increasing the antimicrobial activity of peptides is a suitable strategy. The above results increase the possibility of designing and producing antimicrobial peptides against antibiotic-resistant strains as the next generation of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87297077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akbar Malekahmadi, M. Roozbahani, Hamidreza Hekmat, M. Sadeghi
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Visual perception error (VPE), especially in the measurement of physical quantities, is the most important aspect of perception error that has a significant impact on the dimensions of human life. This study aimed to design, fabricate, and standardize the visual perception error test (VPEMT) based on the domains of its distribution in Iranian society, in order to compare different individuals and groups in terms of their scores and means in this domain. Material & Methods: This descriptive-survey study was conducted using a number of cards with a two-part image of unequal lines, except for one case as a criterion, and was designed in (T) shape and tested on individuals. Finally, VPEMT consisted of 14 cards (Ta, Tb...Tn) with a difference of half a centimeter in the vertical line. A three-choice question was answered and implemented on 90 people of both genders (16-65 years), and the result was considered the base of the study. The statistical population included 1545-year cases (mean age: 26 years) who lived in Ilam for 9 months. Eventually, a sample of 900 cases of both genders was randomly selected using the block-cluster sampling method and tested with VPEMT. (Ethic code: 1398.041.CER.B.UAI.RI) Findings: The validity and reliability of the VPEMT were estimated by halving, within and between experts, and repeated tests (r=0.92 to r=0.98; and r=0.97, respectively). VPE has an almost normal distribution (mean=7.97, median=8, mode=9, dispersion=9, and range between 3 and 12) and diagnostic cut (Td/10) at 80% level, as well as the minimum and maximum error (1.5-6) cm in every 12 centimeters. Estimation of standard error showed the confidence intervals of the mean of the population from the mean of the group at the level of 0.05 (40±1 mm) (41> μ> 39). Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that VPEMT, in showing the amount of VPE, in the population aged 15-45 years, based on two criteria (mean and reality) had very high validity and reliability. It can also be used diagnostically-selectively in different groups in this age range and research. Moreover, it has the potential to be upgraded to an accurate and automated electronic system or software for this purpose in such a way that the subject receives the amount of his/her perception error by pressing the desired key.
{"title":"Design, Fabrication, and Standardization of Visual Perception Error Measurement Test (Understanding the Size of the Length)","authors":"Akbar Malekahmadi, M. Roozbahani, Hamidreza Hekmat, M. Sadeghi","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.5.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.5.102","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Visual perception error (VPE), especially in the measurement of physical quantities, is the most important aspect of perception error that has a significant impact on the dimensions of human life. This study aimed to design, fabricate, and standardize the visual perception error test (VPEMT) based on the domains of its distribution in Iranian society, in order to compare different individuals and groups in terms of their scores and means in this domain. Material & Methods: This descriptive-survey study was conducted using a number of cards with a two-part image of unequal lines, except for one case as a criterion, and was designed in (T) shape and tested on individuals. Finally, VPEMT consisted of 14 cards (Ta, Tb...Tn) with a difference of half a centimeter in the vertical line. A three-choice question was answered and implemented on 90 people of both genders (16-65 years), and the result was considered the base of the study. The statistical population included 1545-year cases (mean age: 26 years) who lived in Ilam for 9 months. Eventually, a sample of 900 cases of both genders was randomly selected using the block-cluster sampling method and tested with VPEMT. (Ethic code: 1398.041.CER.B.UAI.RI) Findings: The validity and reliability of the VPEMT were estimated by halving, within and between experts, and repeated tests (r=0.92 to r=0.98; and r=0.97, respectively). VPE has an almost normal distribution (mean=7.97, median=8, mode=9, dispersion=9, and range between 3 and 12) and diagnostic cut (Td/10) at 80% level, as well as the minimum and maximum error (1.5-6) cm in every 12 centimeters. Estimation of standard error showed the confidence intervals of the mean of the population from the mean of the group at the level of 0.05 (40±1 mm) (41> μ> 39). Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that VPEMT, in showing the amount of VPE, in the population aged 15-45 years, based on two criteria (mean and reality) had very high validity and reliability. It can also be used diagnostically-selectively in different groups in this age range and research. Moreover, it has the potential to be upgraded to an accurate and automated electronic system or software for this purpose in such a way that the subject receives the amount of his/her perception error by pressing the desired key.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a member of the cytokine family and an important regulator of inflammatory reactions. Due to the severe and irreversible complications of this disease in the advanced stages, timely treatment, especially with herbal medicines, can be considered an important strategy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of grapefruit extract on the IL-18 gene expression in mice with fatty liver. Material & Methods: In this study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 180±20 g were divided into four groups (positive control, negative control, first treatment, and second treatment). The two treatment groups received grapefruit extract 4 and 8 ml/kg by gavage for 5 weeks, respectively. Finally, the rats were anesthetized with chloroform, and after dissection, the liver tissue and blood samples were collected. Subsequently, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using the relevant kits according to the protocol, and finally the expression of IL18 gene was performed using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, and the relevant analyzes were performed. (Ethic code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1399.049) Findings: In the present study, the results showed that grapefruit extract at a dose of 8 ml/kg could further reduce the expression of IL-18 gene, compared to a dose of 4 ml/kg in rats with fatty liver. This decrease in the rate expression was significant in the patient group (P<0.05). The results of biochemical tests confirmed liver improvement in treated rats at a dose of 8 ml/kg. Discussion & Conclusion: Grapefruit juice seems to reduce various symptoms of inflammation due to its orange content by reducing the expression of the IL-18 gene in rats with a fatty liver that can be considered a therapeutic target in fatty liver disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of Grapefruit Juice in terms of Interleukin 18 Gene Expression in Rats with Fatty Liver and Healthy Rats","authors":"Simin Bahmanpoor, N. Zia-jahromi","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.4.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.4.74","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a member of the cytokine family and an important regulator of inflammatory reactions. Due to the severe and irreversible complications of this disease in the advanced stages, timely treatment, especially with herbal medicines, can be considered an important strategy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of grapefruit extract on the IL-18 gene expression in mice with fatty liver. Material & Methods: In this study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 180±20 g were divided into four groups (positive control, negative control, first treatment, and second treatment). The two treatment groups received grapefruit extract 4 and 8 ml/kg by gavage for 5 weeks, respectively. Finally, the rats were anesthetized with chloroform, and after dissection, the liver tissue and blood samples were collected. Subsequently, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using the relevant kits according to the protocol, and finally the expression of IL18 gene was performed using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, and the relevant analyzes were performed. (Ethic code: IR.IAU.SHK.REC.1399.049) Findings: In the present study, the results showed that grapefruit extract at a dose of 8 ml/kg could further reduce the expression of IL-18 gene, compared to a dose of 4 ml/kg in rats with fatty liver. This decrease in the rate expression was significant in the patient group (P<0.05). The results of biochemical tests confirmed liver improvement in treated rats at a dose of 8 ml/kg. Discussion & Conclusion: Grapefruit juice seems to reduce various symptoms of inflammation due to its orange content by reducing the expression of the IL-18 gene in rats with a fatty liver that can be considered a therapeutic target in fatty liver disease.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79372466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mahmoudi, Leila Mehdizadeh Fanid, N. Zeinalzadeh, Mohammad ali Hosseinpour feizy
Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Heroin dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The genetic contribution in the vulnerability to heroin dependence is 40%-60%. Alterations in dopamine transport in the CNS are implicated in drug and alcohol dependence, and according to linkage studies, the HTR2A rs6313 single nucleotide polymorphism plays an important role in drug dependence and abuse. This casecontrol study aimed to investigate the association between HTR2A rs6313 and heroin dependence among a population from Northwest Iran. Material & Methods: The study included a sample of 100 heroin-dependent patients and 102 control subjects. After DNA extraction from blood samples, the genotype of HTR2A rs6313 polymorphism was investigated among patients and controls using the PCR-RFLP method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software to explore a significant association. (Ethic code: 5/4/12152) Findings: Frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 23%, 50%, and 27% in the patient group and 32.35%, 44.12%, and 23.53% in the control group. According to statistical analysis, there were no significant differences between case and control groups in this regard (P>0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the study could not support a significant association between HTR2A rs6313 polymorphism and heroin dependence in the Azeri population of Northwest Iran. This indicates the need to investigate other candidate genetic polymorphisms in the study population.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Association of Htr2a Gene Rs6313 Polymorphism with Heroin Dependence in a Sample from Northwest Iran","authors":"F. Mahmoudi, Leila Mehdizadeh Fanid, N. Zeinalzadeh, Mohammad ali Hosseinpour feizy","doi":"10.52547/sjimu.29.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Article type: Orginal article Introduction: Heroin dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The genetic contribution in the vulnerability to heroin dependence is 40%-60%. Alterations in dopamine transport in the CNS are implicated in drug and alcohol dependence, and according to linkage studies, the HTR2A rs6313 single nucleotide polymorphism plays an important role in drug dependence and abuse. This casecontrol study aimed to investigate the association between HTR2A rs6313 and heroin dependence among a population from Northwest Iran. Material & Methods: The study included a sample of 100 heroin-dependent patients and 102 control subjects. After DNA extraction from blood samples, the genotype of HTR2A rs6313 polymorphism was investigated among patients and controls using the PCR-RFLP method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software to explore a significant association. (Ethic code: 5/4/12152) Findings: Frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 23%, 50%, and 27% in the patient group and 32.35%, 44.12%, and 23.53% in the control group. According to statistical analysis, there were no significant differences between case and control groups in this regard (P>0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the study could not support a significant association between HTR2A rs6313 polymorphism and heroin dependence in the Azeri population of Northwest Iran. This indicates the need to investigate other candidate genetic polymorphisms in the study population.","PeriodicalId":16041,"journal":{"name":"journal of ilam university of medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80004153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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