Most computer assisted information systems for planning purposes are designed to produce thematic maps as output. Graphic data processing, on the other hand, has not yet reached the degree of perfection already achieved in other fields of EDP, e.g. commercial and statistical applications. The author and his collegues are integrating cartographic data and presentation techniques gradually into an information system.Within the system being described, the geometric data base is considered as a line network. The edges of the network are represented by strings of orthogonal coordinates (Segment definitions). A unique identifier is assigned to each coordinate string, and the areal units are defined by a sequence of edge identifiers (Polygon definitions).In order to obtain error-free files, strict rules have to be observed and a high degree of accuracy has to be achieved.For this purpose, an interactive system - DIGNET - has been developed to fullfill these objectives: (1) guide the operator through the digitizing session, (2) ask for the appropriate input, (3) create the reference tables, (4) react to erroneous input and operation, (5) detect digitizer malfunctions, (6) allow immediate graphic replay of the digitized data.In order to facilitate the manipulation of the boundary network files, a number of utility programs have been added to the DIGNET-System; among them (1) DIGEDI - to prepare maps for digitzing, (2) DIGLIST - to list all results from digitizing sessions, (3) DIGMERGE - to merge two or more submaps into one final map.
{"title":"A system for interactive acquisition and administration of geometric data for thematic map production","authors":"K. Tuerke","doi":"10.1145/563274.563304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563304","url":null,"abstract":"Most computer assisted information systems for planning purposes are designed to produce thematic maps as output. Graphic data processing, on the other hand, has not yet reached the degree of perfection already achieved in other fields of EDP, e.g. commercial and statistical applications. The author and his collegues are integrating cartographic data and presentation techniques gradually into an information system.Within the system being described, the geometric data base is considered as a line network. The edges of the network are represented by strings of orthogonal coordinates (Segment definitions). A unique identifier is assigned to each coordinate string, and the areal units are defined by a sequence of edge identifiers (Polygon definitions).In order to obtain error-free files, strict rules have to be observed and a high degree of accuracy has to be achieved.For this purpose, an interactive system - DIGNET - has been developed to fullfill these objectives: (1) guide the operator through the digitizing session, (2) ask for the appropriate input, (3) create the reference tables, (4) react to erroneous input and operation, (5) detect digitizer malfunctions, (6) allow immediate graphic replay of the digitized data.In order to facilitate the manipulation of the boundary network files, a number of utility programs have been added to the DIGNET-System; among them (1) DIGEDI - to prepare maps for digitzing, (2) DIGLIST - to list all results from digitizing sessions, (3) DIGMERGE - to merge two or more submaps into one final map.","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117086531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an advanced technique in hardware and software for the intermixed display of refresh and storage graphics. Traditional storage tube terminals have the advantage of low cost coupled with the ability to display large amounts of high resolution graphic information, but do not provide for dynamic motion and transformation of a displayed image. High resolution, high density refreshed displays tend to be expensive. Combining both refresh and storage graphics on the same display allows pictures to be segregated into static and dynamic areas to achieve the desired results at reduced cost. The hardware and system software to make this marriage of refresh and storage graphics work effectively for interactive computer graphics is described.
{"title":"Intermixing refresh and direct view storage graphics","authors":"Ned Thanhouser","doi":"10.1145/563274.563278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563278","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an advanced technique in hardware and software for the intermixed display of refresh and storage graphics. Traditional storage tube terminals have the advantage of low cost coupled with the ability to display large amounts of high resolution graphic information, but do not provide for dynamic motion and transformation of a displayed image. High resolution, high density refreshed displays tend to be expensive. Combining both refresh and storage graphics on the same display allows pictures to be segregated into static and dynamic areas to achieve the desired results at reduced cost. The hardware and system software to make this marriage of refresh and storage graphics work effectively for interactive computer graphics is described.","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129739431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes some of the operational considerations of a large data processing installation involved in support of an interactive computer system in heavy production use. Application and operating system software has varied over the continued growth and expansion of this system. Mechanisms for user input and feedback, vital aspects to its successful operation, are discussed. The application specifically cited is MCDONNELL DOUGLAS' CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Manufacturing) System and highlighted are daily operations of its computer graphics terminals. This system is configured to provide 95% availability with backup switchability features. Typical response, varying with the nature of the user application, ranges from 0.1 to 60 seconds.
{"title":"Making graphics work","authors":"J. J. Lavick","doi":"10.1145/563274.563326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563326","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes some of the operational considerations of a large data processing installation involved in support of an interactive computer system in heavy production use. Application and operating system software has varied over the continued growth and expansion of this system. Mechanisms for user input and feedback, vital aspects to its successful operation, are discussed. The application specifically cited is MCDONNELL DOUGLAS' CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Manufacturing) System and highlighted are daily operations of its computer graphics terminals. This system is configured to provide 95% availability with backup switchability features. Typical response, varying with the nature of the user application, ranges from 0.1 to 60 seconds.","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127389469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a simple scheme for manipulating graphical information. The basic idea is to generate a user-readable, and therefore editable, file of device-independent picture descriptions. This file would typically be created by a set of FORTRAN-callable subroutines, each having a specific function (draw a vector, draw an axis, write text), but could be created in more direct ways by a user sufficiently familiar with the file structure. Once such a file has been created and perhaps examined and edited, a postprocessor may be selected to translate the file into the device-dependent instructions necessary to produce a picture on a specific device. If the file is saved, a different postprocessor could obviously be used later to generate the same picture on another device.
{"title":"\"SGP\": a simple graphics package","authors":"R. Putnam, R. Carmichael","doi":"10.1145/563274.563315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple scheme for manipulating graphical information. The basic idea is to generate a user-readable, and therefore editable, file of device-independent picture descriptions. This file would typically be created by a set of FORTRAN-callable subroutines, each having a specific function (draw a vector, draw an axis, write text), but could be created in more direct ways by a user sufficiently familiar with the file structure. Once such a file has been created and perhaps examined and edited, a postprocessor may be selected to translate the file into the device-dependent instructions necessary to produce a picture on a specific device. If the file is saved, a different postprocessor could obviously be used later to generate the same picture on another device.","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121701360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have designed and built a computer terminal that provides low cost, high quality graphics and programmable text processing by taking advantage of the latest memory and microprocessor technology. A microprocessor control element allows most of the control functions to be programmed so that all of the control electronics require less than 100 integrated circuits. The graphic image is generated by a microprocessor which accepts vector commands intended for a Tektronix storage tube display terminal. The microprocessor maps those vector commands into a random access memory, and the resulting bit map of the graphic image is displayed on a standard TV monitor. Reasonable resolution in the graphic image requires a large number of bits in the bit map, but with the use of 4K memory chips, less than 100 integrated circuits are required for the bit map memory in our design. At 1975 small-quantity prices, the parts cost for the terminal is approximately $2000.
{"title":"The design of a low cost video graphics terminal","authors":"F. Baskett, L. J. Shustek","doi":"10.1145/563274.563316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274.563316","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed and built a computer terminal that provides low cost, high quality graphics and programmable text processing by taking advantage of the latest memory and microprocessor technology. A microprocessor control element allows most of the control functions to be programmed so that all of the control electronics require less than 100 integrated circuits. The graphic image is generated by a microprocessor which accepts vector commands intended for a Tektronix storage tube display terminal. The microprocessor maps those vector commands into a random access memory, and the resulting bit map of the graphic image is displayed on a standard TV monitor. Reasonable resolution in the graphic image requires a large number of bits in the bit map, but with the use of 4K memory chips, less than 100 integrated circuits are required for the bit map memory in our design. At 1975 small-quantity prices, the parts cost for the terminal is approximately $2000.","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124518159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/563274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/563274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":160433,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122738786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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