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2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)最新文献

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UPS Node based Workload Management for Data Centers considering Flexible Service Requirements 基于UPS节点的灵活业务需求数据中心负载管理
Fang Cao, Yajing Wang, Fengtian Zhu, Yujie Cao, Zhaohao Ding
As the IT sector is rapidly growing all over the world, more and more energy is consumed by data centers, which leads to the continuous increase of operating costs. Among other factors, the load management among uninterruptible power supply (UPS) nodes should be considered in the energy management model of data center since its energy efficiency is correlated to load ratio. In this paper, an energy management scheme of data center which focuses on the workload scheduling among UPS nodes is proposed to improve its operation efficiency. The flexible service requirement of batch workloads is also modeled in the proposed scheme to illustrate the cost of flexibility. In the proposed scheme, the efficiency of UPS nodes is modeled as a function of load ratio. Meanwhile, the cost of inconvenience is introduced to represent the flexible service requirements of batch workloads. A stochastic formulation is established to address the uncertainties involved in the scheduling process. Simulated case studies are provided and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed approach.
随着全球IT行业的快速发展,数据中心消耗的能源越来越多,导致运营成本不断增加。其中,数据中心不间断电源(UPS)节点间的负荷管理是数据中心能源管理模型中需要考虑的因素,因为UPS的能源效率与负荷比相关。为了提高数据中心的运行效率,本文提出了一种以UPS节点间工作负载调度为核心的数据中心能源管理方案。该方案还对批量工作负载的灵活服务需求进行了建模,以说明灵活性的代价。在该方案中,UPS节点的效率被建模为负载比的函数。同时,引入不便成本来表示批量工作负载的灵活业务需求。建立了求解调度过程中不确定性的随机公式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 10
High Impedance Fault Detection and Isolation in DC Microgrids 直流微电网的高阻抗故障检测与隔离
K. Subramaniam, M. Illindala
Faults in dc microgrids require quick interruption than in traditional ac power systems. This is due to the reduced stiffness of dc microgrids being powered by low inertia DERs interfaced to through power converters. For a high impedance fault, the limited magnitude of the fault current poses additional challenges in identification and locating the faults in the system, with difficulty in distinguishing the fault condition from the normal operating condition. This paper focuses on designing a cost-effective protection system for fast identification, selective isolation of high impedance faults and system restoration in such dc microgrids through proper coordination of source converters with sectionalizers, and with no solid state circuit breakers in action. The high impedance faults are identified through multi resolution analysis of the locally measured current signals with discrete wavelet transform and K-nearest neighbor based classifier at each source converter and contactor. The selectivity is achieved through adaptive resistance time curves set by the controllers installed at each contactor in the system.
与传统的交流电力系统相比,直流微电网的故障需要快速中断。这是由于直流微电网的刚度降低,由连接到功率转换器的低惯性der供电。对于高阻抗故障,有限的故障电流给系统故障的识别和定位带来了额外的挑战,难以将故障状态与正常运行状态区分开来。本文的重点是在不使用固态断路器的情况下,通过源变流器和分段器的适当协调,设计一种具有成本效益的保护系统,以快速识别、选择性隔离高阻抗故障并恢复直流微电网中的系统。利用离散小波变换和基于k近邻的分类器对各源变换器和接触器的局部实测电流信号进行多分辨率分析,识别出高阻抗故障。通过安装在系统中每个接触器上的控制器设置的自适应电阻时间曲线来实现选择性。
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引用次数: 7
Determination of Load Characteristics for Electrical Load Analysis in Shipboard Microgrids 船载微电网电力负荷分析的负荷特性测定
Ching-Jin Chen, C. Su, J. Teng
Electric load analysis is an important task in early new stage for design of shipboard microgrids (SMGs). The installation generation capacity onboard depends on the accurate result of the analysis, which significantly affects the system economic and secure operations. In the traditional electrical load analysis, the demand factor is often obtained from engineering experiences which can lead to inaccurate analysis results. In order to obtain better results, a methodology for electrical load analysis in SMGs is proposed in this paper. The load analysis spreadsheet is adopted to find the power consumption of key electric loads in SMGs. The actual power consumption of selected loads are collected by intelligent meters. The statistical analysis is then performed to find the critical parameter of each selected load in the load analysis under different operating conditions based on the power measurement of field test and load analysis is performed for estimating system power demand accordingly. Three large practical maritime microgrids are selected for numerical analysis to ensure the performance of proposed method. The proposed method has been adopted by local ship builders in Taiwan to better understand the load characteristics in shipboard microgrids to support various functions of system planning and operation in a more effective manner.
电力负荷分析是舰船微电网设计初期的一项重要工作。机载设备的发电能力取决于分析结果的准确性,这将对系统的经济性和安全性产生重大影响。在传统的电力负荷分析中,需求因子往往是根据工程经验得出的,这可能导致分析结果不准确。为了获得更好的结果,本文提出了一种SMGs电负荷分析方法。采用负载分析表格计算smg中关键电力负载的功耗。选定负载的实际用电量由智能电表采集。然后根据现场试验的功率测量,进行统计分析,找出不同工况下负荷分析中所选各负荷的关键参数,并进行负荷分析,估算系统的功率需求。为了保证所提方法的有效性,选取了三个大型实际海上微电网进行数值分析。该方法已被台湾当地造船企业采用,以更好地了解船载微电网的负载特性,更有效地支持系统规划和运行的各种功能。
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引用次数: 3
Discrete Wavelet Transform for Improving the Accuracy of an Unbalance Current Protection Relay Due to Transient Fault and Inrush Current Signals 离散小波变换在提高暂态故障和涌流不平衡电流保护继电器精度中的应用
T. Patcharoen, A. Ngaopitakkul
An unbalance current protection relay (60C, 51NC) cannot operate fast enough to avoid catastrophic failure against high system fault currents within capacitor units because traditional unbalance current protection relays are not capable of distinguishing and classifying transient fault current and switching inrush current. This paper proposes a new algorithm for the detection and classification of such current signals. The program used for the simulation was PSCAD/EMTDC. The current signals output was used as discrete wavelet transform (DWT) input. The wavelet-based fault and inrush current detection and classification unit received the various captured transient current signals, and used DWT to detect and analyse various cases studies. The actual inrush current signals from both the experimental setup and testing on an actual 115 kV HV shunt capacitor bank were used to verify the proposed algorithm. Results show that the proposed algorithm is effective at accurately identifying fault and inrush currents.
不平衡电流保护继电器(60C, 51NC)由于传统的不平衡电流保护继电器不能对暂态故障电流和开关涌流进行区分和分类,不能快速运行以避免电容单元内部高系统故障电流的灾难性失效。本文提出了一种新的电流信号检测与分类算法。仿真程序为PSCAD/EMTDC。输出的电流信号作为离散小波变换(DWT)输入。基于小波的故障和涌流检测与分类单元接收捕捉到的各种暂态电流信号,并利用小波变换对各种案例进行检测和分析。通过实验装置和115 kV高压并联电容器组的实际测试,验证了该算法的有效性。结果表明,该算法能够准确识别故障和涌流。
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引用次数: 2
Design of an Industrial IoT-Based Monitoring System for Power Substations 基于工业物联网的变电站监控系统设计
Long Zhao, I. Matsuo, Yuhao Zhou, Weijen Lee
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept allows objects to share data through wired or wireless connections for communication purposes. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an extended concept of IoT that refers to an integration of data acquisition, communication, and processing on a real-time network. Currently, IIoT has been involved with the development of smart grids in many applications. As the operation of power systems is extremely time-critical, low-latency communication needs to be considered for most control and monitoring applications. Real-time capability of IoT is considered as a key feature for monitoring and control applications of power systems. Therefore, system operators can use the real-time monitoring system to provide better decisions for both technical and financial-related matters. In this paper, a high-speed IIoT-based monitoring system with recording functions is developed and implemented for a power system substation. Due to the high reliability and processing speed of FPGAs, an FPGA-embedded controller is adopted in this system. The IoT platform also provides remote visualization for system operators in real time. This paper mainly aims to provide a practical application that was implemented and tested in a real power substation. The system incorporates the features of an IoT platform with the needs of high-speed real-time applications while using a single high-resolution time source as the reference for both steady-state and transient conditions.
物联网(IoT)概念允许物体通过有线或无线连接共享数据,以实现通信目的。工业物联网(IIoT)是物联网的扩展概念,指的是在实时网络上集成数据采集、通信和处理。目前,工业物联网已经在许多应用中参与了智能电网的发展。由于电力系统的运行对时间要求非常严格,因此大多数控制和监测应用都需要考虑低延迟通信。物联网的实时性被认为是电力系统监测和控制应用的关键特征。因此,系统操作人员可以使用实时监控系统为技术和财务相关事项提供更好的决策。本文针对某电力系统变电站,开发并实现了一种具有记录功能的高速工业物联网监控系统。由于fpga的高可靠性和处理速度,本系统采用了fpga嵌入式控制器。物联网平台还为系统操作员提供实时远程可视化。本文的主要目的是提供一个实际应用,并在实际变电站中进行了实现和测试。该系统将物联网平台的特点与高速实时应用的需求相结合,同时使用单个高分辨率时间源作为稳态和瞬态条件的参考。
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引用次数: 34
Solar PV Power Plant Underground Cable Sizing Case Study 太阳能光伏电站地下电缆选型案例研究
C. Bates, Pk Sen
A cable ampacity study for a PV power plant is evaluated based on temperature measurements taken during normal operation for one year. Differences between the design and the installation are discussed regarding their impact on cable temperature. Soil thermal resistivity measurements are reviewed, highlighting the need for the design engineer to properly specify the soil conditions for the measurement. The measured temperature was significantly less than the temperature calculated using the Neher-McGrath method.
基于一年正常运行期间的温度测量,对光伏电站进行了电缆容量研究。讨论了设计和安装之间的差异对电缆温度的影响。回顾了土壤热电阻率测量,强调了设计工程师正确指定测量土壤条件的必要性。测量温度明显低于用Neher-McGrath方法计算的温度。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility Analysis of Different Energy Storage Systems for Solar Road Lighting Systems 太阳能道路照明系统不同储能系统的可行性分析
Suntiti Yoomak, A. Ngaopitakkul
This study investigates and analyses the feasibility of different energy storage systems for solar road lighting systems. The energy storage systems used in this study are divided into two cases, namely homogenous energy storage system (lead-acid (LA) batteries, lithium-ion (LI) batteries, and ultracapacitors (UCs)) and hybrid energy storage systems (leadacid batteries with ultracapacitors (LA and UC) and lithium-ion batteries with ultracapacitors (LI and UC)). Various solar power schemes are implemented based on stable and unstable solar irradiance conditions using an experimental setup. Economic analysis of the solar road lighting systems is performed based on the presented energy storage systems using discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The installation of energy storage systems with individual and central systems for the solar road lighting system is also discussed. Results show that LA batteries, LI batteries, and UCs yielded satisfactory active power quality for effective charging in all ranges of solar irradiance. However, the lifetimes of battery devices are degraded during dynamic active power charging. To overcome this shortcoming, hybrid energy storage systems are proposed using batteries and UCs. The use of LA batteries yields the lowest installation cost. However, LI batteries offer the best economic viability in the long term. The cost of UCs is too high to be used as an energy storage system for solar road lighting systems. However, the use of appropriate proportions of UCs with batteries to reduce current and active power fluctuations for charging the batteries is economically viable.
本研究调查并分析了太阳能道路照明系统中不同储能系统的可行性。本研究使用的储能系统分为两种情况,即均质储能系统(铅酸(LA)电池、锂离子(LI)电池和超级电容器(UCs))和混合储能系统(铅酸电池和超级电容器(LA和UC)和锂离子电池和超级电容器(LI和UC))。利用实验装置,在稳定和不稳定的太阳辐照条件下实现了各种太阳能发电方案。太阳能道路照明系统的经济分析是基于使用贴现回收期(DPP)、净现值(NPV)和内部收益率(IRR)的储能系统进行的。本文还讨论了太阳能道路照明系统中单体系统和中央系统储能系统的安装。结果表明,在所有太阳辐照度范围内,LA电池、LI电池和UCs都能获得令人满意的有效充电电能质量。然而,在动态有功充电过程中,电池器件的寿命会降低。为了克服这一缺点,提出了使用电池和UCs的混合储能系统。使用LA电池的安装成本最低。然而,从长远来看,锂电池提供了最佳的经济可行性。UCs的成本太高,不能用作太阳能道路照明系统的储能系统。然而,使用适当比例的UCs与电池,以减少电流和有功功率波动,为电池充电在经济上是可行的。
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引用次数: 9
Analysis of Lightning Transients in a Commercial Building Using the PEEC Method 基于PEEC方法的商业建筑雷电瞬变分析
Zhe Li, Hongcai Chen, Yi Wu, Ya-ping Du, Yang Zhang
This paper analyzes the lightning transients in a commercial building with a grid like structure. The simulation is performed by using the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method. Both the skin effect of the conductors and the nonlinear protection devices are taken into consideration. The current distribution in the structure, the induced voltage in the wiring system with different SPDs installations and the current sharing in the wiring system are discussed. Finally, suggestions are provided for effective protection against lightning in buildings.
本文分析了一类网格结构商业建筑的雷电瞬变。采用部分元件等效电路(PEEC)方法进行了仿真。同时考虑了导体的趋肤效应和非线性保护装置。讨论了结构中的电流分布、不同spd安装时配线系统中的感应电压以及配线系统中的电流分担问题。最后,对建筑物防雷提出了建议。
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引用次数: 3
Electrical Safety of Resonant Grounding 谐振接地的电气安全
Massimo Mitolo, M. Tartaglia, G. Zizzo
The resonant grounding is one of the possible methods of system neutral grounding for the medium-voltage distribution. IEEE standards do define this grounding configuration, but important advantages and drawbacks of the resonant grounding might not be fully known, due to its rather uncommon application in North America. On the other hand, resonant grounding in Europe is imposed by the increased requirements for power quality, especially for medium-voltage industrial users, and imposed to electric utilities by Regulatory Authorities, with the purpose to protect the interests of users and consumers. Level of the continuity of the service, magnitude and phase of ground-fault currents, magnitude of touch voltages, all depend on how the neutral is connected to ground. In this paper, the authors will discuss electrical safety features of the resonant ground, and analyze issues when a substation, originally operated with different methods of system neutral grounding, is reconfigured with a resonant ground.
谐振接地是中压配电系统中性点接地的一种可行方法。IEEE标准确实定义了这种接地配置,但谐振接地的重要优点和缺点可能并不完全清楚,因为它在北美的应用相当罕见。另一方面,谐振接地在欧洲是由于对电能质量的要求越来越高,特别是对中压工业用户的要求越来越高,是监管机构强加给电力公司的,目的是保护用户和消费者的利益。服务的连续性水平,接地故障电流的大小和相位,接触电压的大小,都取决于中性点与地的连接方式。在本文中,作者将讨论谐振地的电气安全特征,并分析一个变电站,原来使用不同的系统中性点接地方法,重新配置谐振地时的问题。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)
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