Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733375
Long Zhao, Yuhao Zhou, I. Matsuo, S. Korkua, Weijen Lee
As one of the most promising renewable energy resources, a large amount of wind energy has been implemented all around the world since 1990s. Increasing the size of the wind turbines and the harsh operating environment lead to higher failure rates on the wind turbines compared with other renewable resources. As the result, not only unplanned maintenance and repairments but also downtime of the wind turbine increases the operation cost significantly. In addition, the long-distance transmission lines are required to transfer the wind generation power to the load centers due to the remote operation location of the wind farms. To improve the power transfer capability, series compensated lines are adopted in many cases. However, subsynchronous control interactions (SSCI) could happen between series compensated transmission lines and wind turbines. This may damage wind turbine components severely and cause stability issues in the power grids. Currently, various condition monitoring systems have been developed and applied for wind turbines. Different SSCI detection mechanisms are also proposed in many studies. This paper proposes an FPGA-CPU based holistic monitoring system which not only provides both condition and SSCI monitoring functions simultaneously in real-time but also records necessary data for post-event analysis.
{"title":"The Design of a Holistic IoT-Based Monitoring System for a Wind Turbine","authors":"Long Zhao, Yuhao Zhou, I. Matsuo, S. Korkua, Weijen Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733375","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most promising renewable energy resources, a large amount of wind energy has been implemented all around the world since 1990s. Increasing the size of the wind turbines and the harsh operating environment lead to higher failure rates on the wind turbines compared with other renewable resources. As the result, not only unplanned maintenance and repairments but also downtime of the wind turbine increases the operation cost significantly. In addition, the long-distance transmission lines are required to transfer the wind generation power to the load centers due to the remote operation location of the wind farms. To improve the power transfer capability, series compensated lines are adopted in many cases. However, subsynchronous control interactions (SSCI) could happen between series compensated transmission lines and wind turbines. This may damage wind turbine components severely and cause stability issues in the power grids. Currently, various condition monitoring systems have been developed and applied for wind turbines. Different SSCI detection mechanisms are also proposed in many studies. This paper proposes an FPGA-CPU based holistic monitoring system which not only provides both condition and SSCI monitoring functions simultaneously in real-time but also records necessary data for post-event analysis.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"13 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733331
G. Parise, E. Hesla, C. Mardegan, L. Parise, Elisabetta Bragagni Capaccini
In electrical power systems, the cords and extension cords are exposed to mechanical damage and other insulation stresses. Mechanical damage to the stranded conductors can reduce locally their cross section or break them and cause anomalous local conditions of overheating or arcing. The ordinary protective devices cannot detect the series faults that persist; so the fault point remains energized and subject to electric shock and fire hazards. Effective protection can be accomplished by implementing active and passive measures: installing Arc-fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI) or Detection Devices (AFDD), able to detect arcing faults; or wiring the circuits with a grounding protection conductor to involve the ground in every fault. In this way, residual current protective devices (RCDs or GFPDs) protect quickly the series faults with arc, but also without arc. The Ground-Fault-Forced Cables (GFFCs) facilitate the conversion of any kind of fault to a ground fault in all the applications and are particularly recommended for cords and extension cords, internal circuits to grounded equipment, UPS continuity circuits, aircraft circuits, road tunnels, data centers, residential houses and hospitals.
{"title":"Series Faults in Electrical Cords and Extension Cords","authors":"G. Parise, E. Hesla, C. Mardegan, L. Parise, Elisabetta Bragagni Capaccini","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733331","url":null,"abstract":"In electrical power systems, the cords and extension cords are exposed to mechanical damage and other insulation stresses. Mechanical damage to the stranded conductors can reduce locally their cross section or break them and cause anomalous local conditions of overheating or arcing. The ordinary protective devices cannot detect the series faults that persist; so the fault point remains energized and subject to electric shock and fire hazards. Effective protection can be accomplished by implementing active and passive measures: installing Arc-fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI) or Detection Devices (AFDD), able to detect arcing faults; or wiring the circuits with a grounding protection conductor to involve the ground in every fault. In this way, residual current protective devices (RCDs or GFPDs) protect quickly the series faults with arc, but also without arc. The Ground-Fault-Forced Cables (GFFCs) facilitate the conversion of any kind of fault to a ground fault in all the applications and are particularly recommended for cords and extension cords, internal circuits to grounded equipment, UPS continuity circuits, aircraft circuits, road tunnels, data centers, residential houses and hospitals.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126834425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-05DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733347
Yunfei Wang, Ryan Cui, Xiaodong Liang, A. Jafari, I. R. Pordanjani, Colin Clark
Ferroresonance causes overvoltage and excessive current flow on potential transformers (PT), which can cause substantial damage to PTs and interrupt power system normal operation. In this paper, a sustained overvoltage event on a de-energized 138 kV bus after circuit breakers were opened to clear a phase to ground fault at a Canadian transmission utility power grid is investigated. The PSCAD simulation model is created and validated using field measurement data. The PSCAD simulation results indicate that the ferroresonance due to a magnetic PT interacting with grading capacitors of circuit breakers is the root cause of the problem. The effective mitigation methods for the ferroresonance are proposed, case and sensitivity analysis using these methods for this specific event is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness.
{"title":"Ferroresonance Causing Sustained High Voltage at A De-energized 138 kV Bus: A Case Study","authors":"Yunfei Wang, Ryan Cui, Xiaodong Liang, A. Jafari, I. R. Pordanjani, Colin Clark","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733347","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroresonance causes overvoltage and excessive current flow on potential transformers (PT), which can cause substantial damage to PTs and interrupt power system normal operation. In this paper, a sustained overvoltage event on a de-energized 138 kV bus after circuit breakers were opened to clear a phase to ground fault at a Canadian transmission utility power grid is investigated. The PSCAD simulation model is created and validated using field measurement data. The PSCAD simulation results indicate that the ferroresonance due to a magnetic PT interacting with grading capacitors of circuit breakers is the root cause of the problem. The effective mitigation methods for the ferroresonance are proposed, case and sensitivity analysis using these methods for this specific event is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133269471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733376
F. Harirchi, R. Hadidi, Bill Schroeder
One of the main concerns in building demand management applications such as peak shaving, energy efficiency, tariff design and demand response is the limited knowledge from different building-type load patterns, their specifications, and features. In this regard, designing a reliable and comprehensive benchmark system for load profiles would be a critical primary task. Such an encyclopedic database plays a critical role in evaluating different demand side management approaches for buildings. In this work we aim to define an appropriate benchmark system to assess efficacy of buildings load management methods by classifying a large yearly dataset of various load types including commercial, educational, industrial, and grocery buildings. For this purpose, first, daily load patterns of each building are considered as individual load samples. Then, a morphological filtering procedure is used in order to segmentize each of these load samples. Next, a set of energy-based features is extracted from segments and is fed to a hierarchical clustering algorithm to partition this enormous dataset into an optimal number of classes. Finally, each building is assigned to different categories based on the total number of load classes it may include.
{"title":"Comprehensive Benhcmark System for Load Management Applications Using Morphological-based Load Profile Clustering","authors":"F. Harirchi, R. Hadidi, Bill Schroeder","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733376","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main concerns in building demand management applications such as peak shaving, energy efficiency, tariff design and demand response is the limited knowledge from different building-type load patterns, their specifications, and features. In this regard, designing a reliable and comprehensive benchmark system for load profiles would be a critical primary task. Such an encyclopedic database plays a critical role in evaluating different demand side management approaches for buildings. In this work we aim to define an appropriate benchmark system to assess efficacy of buildings load management methods by classifying a large yearly dataset of various load types including commercial, educational, industrial, and grocery buildings. For this purpose, first, daily load patterns of each building are considered as individual load samples. Then, a morphological filtering procedure is used in order to segmentize each of these load samples. Next, a set of energy-based features is extracted from segments and is fed to a hierarchical clustering algorithm to partition this enormous dataset into an optimal number of classes. Finally, each building is assigned to different categories based on the total number of load classes it may include.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125010722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733368
A. Stringer, C. C. Thompson, C. I. Barriga
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has compiled a unique database of equipment failure and maintenance data for critical facilities. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of transformer failure information to show historical trends in failure rates, and how equipment age and maintenance affect component failure. By analyzing over 144 thousand unit years of operational data, this paper paints a more complete picture of component reliability. The data show that careful consideration of detailed failure and maintenance data can better inform facility design and maintenance decisions, ultimately leading to improved system reliability and reduced operational costs.
{"title":"Analysis of Historical Transformer Failure and Maintenance Data for Facility Reliability","authors":"A. Stringer, C. C. Thompson, C. I. Barriga","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733368","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has compiled a unique database of equipment failure and maintenance data for critical facilities. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of transformer failure information to show historical trends in failure rates, and how equipment age and maintenance affect component failure. By analyzing over 144 thousand unit years of operational data, this paper paints a more complete picture of component reliability. The data show that careful consideration of detailed failure and maintenance data can better inform facility design and maintenance decisions, ultimately leading to improved system reliability and reduced operational costs.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"96 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733359
S. Saleh, M. Valdes, C. Mardegan, B. Alsayid
This paper reviews approaches used to detect and identify arcing currents, including arcing current faults. The reviewed approaches are categorized as the time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency approaches. The time-domain approach extracts shoulders (zero values of the current around zero crossing points), spikes and jumps, abnormal magnitudes (lower or higher than normal), and high rate of change of the current. The frequency-domain approach extracts the high frequency components, harmonic components, sub-harmonic components, and cross-correlation indicator. The time-frequency approach extracts high frequency sub-bands that contain nonstationary frequency components, which may have non-stationary phases. The three approaches are implemented to test their accuracy, computational requirements, and sensitivity to system parameters. These tests are performed by off-line processing of currents that are collected for normal and dynamic conditions, conventional faults, and currents with high or low arcing components. Test results provide a performance comparison for the tested approaches.
{"title":"State-of-the-Art Methods for Detecting and Identifying Arcing Current Faults","authors":"S. Saleh, M. Valdes, C. Mardegan, B. Alsayid","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733359","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews approaches used to detect and identify arcing currents, including arcing current faults. The reviewed approaches are categorized as the time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-frequency approaches. The time-domain approach extracts shoulders (zero values of the current around zero crossing points), spikes and jumps, abnormal magnitudes (lower or higher than normal), and high rate of change of the current. The frequency-domain approach extracts the high frequency components, harmonic components, sub-harmonic components, and cross-correlation indicator. The time-frequency approach extracts high frequency sub-bands that contain nonstationary frequency components, which may have non-stationary phases. The three approaches are implemented to test their accuracy, computational requirements, and sensitivity to system parameters. These tests are performed by off-line processing of currents that are collected for normal and dynamic conditions, conventional faults, and currents with high or low arcing components. Test results provide a performance comparison for the tested approaches.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130306252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733371
J. Mohammadi, F. B. Ajaei
This paper investigates and compares the performances of three different load shedding schemes in a direct current (DC) microgrid. Comprehensive time-domain simulation studies are conducted on a realistic DC microgrid study system using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The study results indicate that (i) application of both voltage-based and timer-based load shedding schemes necessitates making a compromise between the voltage regulation performance and the power supply reliability, (ii) the voltage-based load shedding scheme may cause the critical loads to experience large and prolonged voltage sags (iii) the timer-based load shedding scheme may cause over-shedding of loads, which degrades the power supply reliability, and (iv) the combined load shedding scheme resolves the voltage sag issues of the voltage-based and timer-based schemes and also prevents over-shedding.
{"title":"DC Microgrid Load Shedding Schemes","authors":"J. Mohammadi, F. B. Ajaei","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733371","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates and compares the performances of three different load shedding schemes in a direct current (DC) microgrid. Comprehensive time-domain simulation studies are conducted on a realistic DC microgrid study system using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The study results indicate that (i) application of both voltage-based and timer-based load shedding schemes necessitates making a compromise between the voltage regulation performance and the power supply reliability, (ii) the voltage-based load shedding scheme may cause the critical loads to experience large and prolonged voltage sags (iii) the timer-based load shedding scheme may cause over-shedding of loads, which degrades the power supply reliability, and (iv) the combined load shedding scheme resolves the voltage sag issues of the voltage-based and timer-based schemes and also prevents over-shedding.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124487652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733345
Jongchan Choi, M. Illindala
Recently, prime-mover stalling phenomenon was observed in a synchronous generator-based DER for large step load changes during experimental testing at the CERTS Microgrid. It is found to highly impact the generator's survivability during transient overload conditions. The stalling occurs in synchronous generator-based DER because of a sustained imbalance between electrical load demand and mechanical power available from the prime mover, thus depleting the generator's stored kinetic energy. In particular, mechanical power capability of the prime mover and stored kinetic energy in the rotating mass are the contributing factors. Therefore, this paper evaluates three different prime movers for DER survivability. The characteristics of most commonly used prime movers such as a reciprocating engine and gas turbine are investigated during transient overload conditions by case studies using PSCAD/EMTDC software.
{"title":"Effect of Prime Mover's Characteristics on the Survivability of a Synchronous Generator during Transient Overload Conditions","authors":"Jongchan Choi, M. Illindala","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733345","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, prime-mover stalling phenomenon was observed in a synchronous generator-based DER for large step load changes during experimental testing at the CERTS Microgrid. It is found to highly impact the generator's survivability during transient overload conditions. The stalling occurs in synchronous generator-based DER because of a sustained imbalance between electrical load demand and mechanical power available from the prime mover, thus depleting the generator's stored kinetic energy. In particular, mechanical power capability of the prime mover and stored kinetic energy in the rotating mass are the contributing factors. Therefore, this paper evaluates three different prime movers for DER survivability. The characteristics of most commonly used prime movers such as a reciprocating engine and gas turbine are investigated during transient overload conditions by case studies using PSCAD/EMTDC software.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121800652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733354
G. Parise, M. Allegri, L. Parise, R. Pennacchia, F. Regoli, G. Vasselli
Lighting systems with a large number of luminaires in large rooms are a case of uniformly distributed loads (UDLs) that need configurations with modularity whenever possible, to ensure an easier installation, management and maintenance. The LED luminaires give a great impact on the system configuration due to the high inrush currents of the ac/dc switching power supplies. This paper proposes the criteria to design the supplying distribution of numerous LED luminaires configured in a modular scheme of a main AC distribution and a branch DC distribution that connects luminaires clusters as dual corded equipment with double power supply and double control type, digital and analogic. The suggested scheme aims to provide a system structure that allows overcoming fault situations by design and doing maintenance activities limiting and recovering the tier degradation. The system configuration in case of failure of smart components allows inhibiting all them to enable a manual management. In this way, the lighting system of special locations (as institutional, for congress or entertainment) can satisfy the requirement of continuous availability system. In order to provide more details on the proposed design criteria this paper describes as case study the lighting system of a large congress room.
{"title":"Continuous Availability Lighting Systems: the Led Solution by Design","authors":"G. Parise, M. Allegri, L. Parise, R. Pennacchia, F. Regoli, G. Vasselli","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733354","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting systems with a large number of luminaires in large rooms are a case of uniformly distributed loads (UDLs) that need configurations with modularity whenever possible, to ensure an easier installation, management and maintenance. The LED luminaires give a great impact on the system configuration due to the high inrush currents of the ac/dc switching power supplies. This paper proposes the criteria to design the supplying distribution of numerous LED luminaires configured in a modular scheme of a main AC distribution and a branch DC distribution that connects luminaires clusters as dual corded equipment with double power supply and double control type, digital and analogic. The suggested scheme aims to provide a system structure that allows overcoming fault situations by design and doing maintenance activities limiting and recovering the tier degradation. The system configuration in case of failure of smart components allows inhibiting all them to enable a manual management. In this way, the lighting system of special locations (as institutional, for congress or entertainment) can satisfy the requirement of continuous availability system. In order to provide more details on the proposed design criteria this paper describes as case study the lighting system of a large congress room.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123641130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733373
C. C. Thompson, C. I. Barriga
Circuit breakers are among the more ubiquitous devices found in all types of facilities. Even small buildings can have hundreds of them, quietly and vigilantly protecting personnel, equipment, and critical functions. But circuit breakers fail - and how they fail matters. This paper shows that failure rates have varied historically, that failure rates change as a function of equipment age, and that failure rates respond to preventative maintenance activity, often counterintuitively. These results are much more transient than previously understood, often varying by an order of magnitude or more. Our current assumptions about maintenance and failure may very well do harm to our facility electrical systems. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected and analyzed a database of equipment records over several decades. This paper includes several thousand unit-years of circuit breaker information, giving specific performance detail under more clearly defined circumstances. Point estimates provide mean device performance statistics, while figures show unpublished details of circuit breaker failure that provide more information to facility managers and design engineers.
{"title":"Effect of Historical Trends, Equipment Age, and Maintenance on Circuit Breaker Failure Rates","authors":"C. C. Thompson, C. I. Barriga","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.2019.8733373","url":null,"abstract":"Circuit breakers are among the more ubiquitous devices found in all types of facilities. Even small buildings can have hundreds of them, quietly and vigilantly protecting personnel, equipment, and critical functions. But circuit breakers fail - and how they fail matters. This paper shows that failure rates have varied historically, that failure rates change as a function of equipment age, and that failure rates respond to preventative maintenance activity, often counterintuitively. These results are much more transient than previously understood, often varying by an order of magnitude or more. Our current assumptions about maintenance and failure may very well do harm to our facility electrical systems. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers collected and analyzed a database of equipment records over several decades. This paper includes several thousand unit-years of circuit breaker information, giving specific performance detail under more clearly defined circumstances. Point estimates provide mean device performance statistics, while figures show unpublished details of circuit breaker failure that provide more information to facility managers and design engineers.","PeriodicalId":160476,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125650082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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