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2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)最新文献

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Risk Mitigation Strategies for Emergency Power Upgrades in Critical Facilities 关键设施紧急电力升级的风险缓解策略
Philip Chow, M. Walker
This paper discusses risk mitigation strategies for emergency power upgrades in critical facilities, such as hospitals and data centers. Larger facilities and campuses, typically have complex emergency power systems, which rely on multiple standby generators, control systems for paralleling and automatic transfer sequences, switchgear and medium voltage power distribution systems. Integration amongst components is essential in ensuring reliable operation of the emergency power system. Given the critical nature of the loads supported by emergency power systems, downtime cannot be tolerated. There are a number of risk mitigation strategies that can be undertaken to minimize the operational risk associated with equipment upgrade projects. This paper will review successful strategies from two separate projects that involved completely upgrading emergency power systems.
本文讨论了关键设施(如医院和数据中心)应急电力升级的风险缓解策略。较大的设施和校园通常有复杂的应急电力系统,它依赖于多个备用发电机、并联和自动传输序列的控制系统、开关设备和中压配电系统。为了保证应急电力系统的可靠运行,各部件之间的集成是必不可少的。鉴于应急电力系统所支持的负载的关键性质,停机是不能容忍的。可以采取若干风险缓解战略,以尽量减少与设备升级项目有关的操作风险。本文将从两个独立的项目中回顾成功的策略,这些项目涉及完全升级应急电力系统。
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引用次数: 4
Flexible Demand Resource Pricing Scheme: A Stochastic Benefit-Sharing Approach 弹性需求资源定价方案:一种随机利益分享方法
Zhaohao Ding, Fengtian Zhu, Yajing Wang, Ying Lu, Lizi Zhang
With the rapidly increased penetration of renewable generations, incentive-based demand side management (DSM) shows great value on alleviating the uncertainty and providing flexibility for microgrid. However, how to price those demand resources becomes one of the most significant challenges for promoting incentive-based DSM under microgrid environments. In this paper, a flexible demand resource pricing scheme is proposed. Instead of using utility function of end users like most existing literatures, the economic benefit of flexible demand resources is evaluated by the operation performance enhancement of microgrid and correspondingly the resource is priced based on a benefit sharing approach. An iteration-based chance-constrained method is established to calculate the economic benefit and shared compensation for demand resource providers. Meanwhile, the financial risks for microgrid operator due to uncertain factors are mitigated by the chance-constrained criterion. The proposed scheme is examined by an experimental microgrid to illustrate its effectiveness.
随着可再生能源发电的迅速普及,基于激励的需求侧管理(DSM)在减轻微电网的不确定性和提供灵活性方面显示出巨大的价值。然而,如何对这些需求资源进行定价成为微网环境下推进基于激励的电力需求侧管理的重大挑战之一。本文提出了一种柔性需求资源定价方案。现有文献大多采用终端用户效用函数来评价柔性需求资源的经济效益,而不是采用微电网的运行性能增强来评价柔性需求资源的经济效益,并基于利益共享的方法对柔性需求资源进行定价。建立了一种基于迭代的机会约束方法来计算需求资源提供者的经济效益和共享补偿。同时,通过机会约束准则降低了微电网运营商因不确定因素而产生的财务风险。通过微电网实验验证了该方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 8
Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Configurations for a Net-Zero Energy Community 零净能源社区的交直流混合微电网配置
F. B. Ajaei, J. Mohammadi, G. Stevens, E. Akhavan
The hybrid microgrid is attracting great attention in recent years as it combines the main advantages of the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrids. It is one of the best candidates to support a net-zero energy community. Thus, this paper investigates and compares different hybrid AC/DC microgrid configurations that are suitable for a net-zero energy community. Four different configurations are compared with each other in terms of their impacts on the overall system reliability, expandability, load shedding requirements, power sharing issues, net-zero energy capability, number of the required interface converters, and the requirement of costly medium-voltage components. The results of the investigations indicate that the best results are achieved when each building is enabled to supply its critical loads using an independent AC microgrid that is interfaced to the DC microgrid through a dedicated interface converter.
混合微电网结合了交流微电网和直流微电网的主要优点,近年来备受关注。它是支持净零能源社区的最佳候选之一。因此,本文研究并比较了适用于净零能耗社区的不同混合交/直流微电网配置。四种不同的配置对整体系统可靠性、可扩展性、减载要求、电力共享问题、净零能耗能力、所需接口转换器的数量以及昂贵的中压元件的要求的影响进行了比较。调查结果表明,当每个建筑物能够使用独立的交流微电网提供其关键负载时,该微电网通过专用接口转换器与直流微电网连接,从而达到最佳效果。
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引用次数: 4
Grid-Connected Wind Power Plants: A Survey on the Integration Requirements in Modern Grid Codes 并网风电场:现代电网规范集成要求综述
Yuan-Kang Wu, Shih-Ming Chang, P. Mandal
In recent years, the integration of wind power generation, especially for offshore wind power, has increased rapidly. Therefore, the requirements of grid codes on wind power integration becomes a major factor in the power system reliability. This paper compares and summarizes the grid codes and the corresponding works about wind power integration around the world. The grid codes issued by Denmark, Ireland, UK, Germany, Spain, China, US, Canada, and other representative countries have been studied. The main requirements of the grid codes include reactive power, frequency regulation, fault ride through, and power quality. Additionally, several grid codes also address the requirements on communication, ramp rate, and offshore wind power plants (WPP). Finally, this paper provides the information about the future trend of grid code requirements on offshore wind power integration, which helps the grid operators ensure a safe operation for high wind-power penetration.
近年来,风力发电,特别是海上风电的并网发展迅速。因此,电网规范对风电并网的要求成为影响电力系统可靠性的重要因素。本文对世界各国风电并网的电网规范及相关工作进行了比较和总结。研究了丹麦、爱尔兰、英国、德国、西班牙、中国、美国、加拿大等代表性国家的电网规范。电网规范的主要要求包括无功功率、频率调节、故障穿越和电能质量。此外,一些电网规范还解决了对通信、斜坡速率和海上风力发电厂(WPP)的要求。最后,给出了海上风电并网电网规范要求的未来发展趋势,为电网运营商保障风电高渗透率的安全运行提供了依据。
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引用次数: 57
Joint Generation and Demand-side Management for Shipboard Carbon Capture and Storage System 船用碳捕集与封存系统的联合发电与需求侧管理
Sidun Fang, Yan Xu, Zhengmao Li
Currently, lots of research have revealed the great potentials of the land-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) system on the control of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. But when it comes to the shipboard applications, the CCS integration becomes rather complicated since very limited operating conditions onboard, especially for the shortage of power supply. Nowadays, the all-electric ship (AES), which uses electricity to meet both the propulsion and service loads, has become a trend for future ship designing due to higher efficiency and flexibility, as well as providing a better platform for CCS integration and paving a new way for maritime GHG emission control. To address the power shortage issue led by the CCS integration, this paper first incorporates the demand-side management on the propulsion load and a corresponding joint generation and demand-side management model is proposed. The mathematical model is formulated as a bi-level optimization after certain constraint decomposition and solved by the column and constraint generation algorithm. Extensive simulations demonstrate that, the proposed method is able to relieve the power shortage issue of shipboard CCS, and the corresponding carbon capture level increases from 86% to 93%.
目前,大量研究揭示了陆基碳捕集与封存(CCS)系统在控制温室气体排放方面的巨大潜力。但在船载应用中,由于船载运行条件非常有限,特别是在电力供应不足的情况下,CCS集成变得相当复杂。目前,利用电力同时满足推进负荷和服务负荷的全电动船舶(AES)因其更高的效率和灵活性,为CCS集成提供了更好的平台,为海洋温室气体排放控制开辟了新的道路,已成为未来船舶设计的趋势。针对CCS一体化带来的电力短缺问题,本文首先将需求侧管理纳入推进负荷,提出了相应的发电与需求侧联合管理模型。数学模型是经过一定的约束分解后形成的双层优化,用列约束生成算法求解。大量的仿真表明,该方法能够缓解船舶CCS的电力短缺问题,相应的碳捕获率从86%提高到93%。
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引用次数: 10
Novel Over-Current Protection (OCP) Methodology Applied for Flyback Converters to Improve Accuracy of OCP of Industrial Productions 应用于反激变换器的新型过流保护方法提高工业产品的过流保护精度
Ming-Tse Kuo, Ming-Chang Tsou, Shiue‐Der Lu
A novel over-current protection methodology applied for flyback converters is proposed, with advantages of getting immune to input voltage variation and inductance deviation from production-line manufacturing and thus accurate over-current-protection (OCP) is available. Experimental results guarantee highly significant improvement based on OCP variation less than 0.733% under universal line voltage conditions. Moreover, additional components are unnecessary in a real board, bringing no burden in circuit design. The aforementioned advantages of the target features have been analyzed in detail through conscientious simulations and the feasibilities are verified depending on prototypical circuits.
提出了一种适用于反激变换器的过流保护方法,该方法不受生产线生产过程中输入电压变化和电感偏差的影响,可以实现精确的过流保护。实验结果保证了在通用线路电压条件下OCP变化小于0.733%的显著改进。此外,在实际电路板中不需要额外的元件,不会给电路设计带来负担。通过严谨的仿真,详细分析了上述目标特性的优点,并通过原型电路验证了其可行性。
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引用次数: 1
Methodology for Quantifying the Economic Impact of Cyberattacks on Bulk Electric Systems 量化网络攻击对大型电力系统的经济影响的方法
D. Kang, Hyuntae Kim, Sungyun Choi
As cyber assets have become essential components in the operation of bulk electric power systems, cyberattacks can make massive impacts on physical systems, eventually causing severe economic losses. The paper presents methods to measure the economic impacts of cyberattacks in various sectors of bulk electric systems such as the energy management system (EMS), generations systems, and transmission systems. This paper explains the interaction mechanisms of how cyber threats can affect physical electric systems and, then, presents how to measure economic losses incurred by those cyber threats. These economic losses include power outage costs, transmission loss, and operating loss. The paper describes possible cyberattack scenarios in the three essential electric power systems, as well as simulation methods to measure resultant economic losses.
随着网络资产成为大型电力系统运行的重要组成部分,网络攻击可以对物理系统产生巨大影响,最终造成严重的经济损失。本文提出了测量大型电力系统(如能源管理系统(EMS)、发电系统和输电系统)各部门网络攻击的经济影响的方法。本文解释了网络威胁如何影响物理电力系统的相互作用机制,然后介绍了如何衡量这些网络威胁造成的经济损失。这些经济损失包括停电费用、传输损失和运行损失。本文描述了三个基本电力系统中可能出现的网络攻击场景,以及测量由此造成的经济损失的仿真方法。
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引用次数: 2
Probability-Interval based Optimal Planning of Integrated Energy System with Uncertain Wind Power
Zhe Li, Chengfu Wang, Ying Ding, Ming Yang, Wenli Zhu
Owing to higher energy supply efficiency and operational flexibility, integrated energy system (IES), including power, heating and gas systems, will be the primary form of energy supply in the future. However, with the increase of large-scale stochastic wind power integrated, the IES operation will face significant challenge as same as traditional power system. In view of the above problems, considering the probability distribution characteristics of wind power, a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) based probability-interval method is proposed to describe the uncertain wind power in this paper. Then, besides traditional facilities, electricity storage system (ESS) is introduced to improve the flexibility of IES. Furthermore, a planning model is established based on minimizing the total cost including investment, operation, CVaR cost and unserved energy cost. Finally, an IEEE14-NGS14 system is constructed and its planning model is solved by GAMS/CPLEX. The numerical results illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
由于更高的能源供应效率和操作灵活性,综合能源系统(IES),包括电力、加热和燃气系统,将是未来能源供应的主要形式。然而,随着大规模随机风电并网的增加,IES的运行将面临与传统电力系统一样的重大挑战。针对上述问题,考虑风电的概率分布特点,本文提出了一种基于条件风险值(CVaR)的概率区间方法来描述风电的不确定性。然后,在传统设施的基础上,引入储能系统(ESS),提高储能系统的灵活性。在此基础上,建立了以投资成本、运行成本、CVaR成本和未服务能源成本等总成本最小为目标的规划模型。最后,构建了IEEE14-NGS14系统,并利用GAMS/CPLEX对其规划模型进行了求解。数值结果表明了该方法的正确性和有效性。
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引用次数: 26
Optimal Demand Response in a building by Battery and HVAC scheduling using Model Predictive Control 基于模型预测控制的电池和暖通空调调度优化需求响应
Divya T. Vedullapalli, R. Hadidi, Bill Schroeder
The objective of this project is to develop a load forecasting technique and demand management algorithm for a building to schedule battery and Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning system (HVAC) using the Model Predictive Control (MPC). Behind-the-meter energy storage is used for modifying the load shape and minimizing the demand charge of a building. Thermal mass of the building can also be utilized to store the heat/cool energy and HVAC is scheduled to minimize power consumption during peak times. This paper optimizes the battery schedule to minimize the monthly electricity bill. The load profile has to be forecasted and this algorithm uses a two-part forecaster where a deterministic part uses exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model accounting for longer term trends and a second order regression model (AR2) accounting for the short term variations. A novel mathematical model has been proposed for calculating HVAC power consumption with a given thermostat schedule. Greater savings can be realized by augmenting this algorithm with HVAC scheduling and authors are working on it minimize HVAC power consumption during peak hours without causing thermal discomfort to the residents of the building.
本项目的目标是开发一种负荷预测技术和需求管理算法,用于使用模型预测控制(MPC)对建筑物的电池和采暖通风空调系统(HVAC)进行调度。电表后储能用于改变负荷形状并最大限度地减少建筑物的需求费用。建筑的热质量也可以用来储存热/冷能量,HVAC计划在高峰时段最大限度地减少电力消耗。本文对电池计划进行了优化,使每月的电费最少。必须对负荷分布进行预测,该算法使用两部分预测器,其中确定性部分使用指数加权移动平均(EWMA)模型来考虑长期趋势,二阶回归模型(AR2)来考虑短期变化。提出了一种新的数学模型来计算给定温控器调度下的暖通空调功耗。通过将该算法与暖通空调调度相结合,可以实现更大的节省,作者正在研究如何在高峰时段最大限度地减少暖通空调的功耗,同时又不会给建筑物的居民带来热不适。
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引用次数: 11
Rapid Method for Generation Prioritization during System Restoration with Renewable Resources 可再生资源系统恢复过程中发电优先级快速排序方法
Adam Mate, E. C. Sanchez
Quick and reliable power system restoration is critically important after natural disasters or other sudden threats, such as cyber-attacks. Leveraging renewable resources in system restoration shortens recovery times, resulting in prevented life-loss and avoided economic-loss, and improves the resilience of the entire grid. However, it is not a common practice today; the inherent variability of these resources represents a challenge for a streamlined restoration process. This paper presents a prioritized method - starting with renewable generator units then lowering priority to conventional units - to plan the operational schedule of a power system during the restoration process. The goal is to achieve a well balanced system in the presence of significant renewable penetration. Validation and benchmarking experiments were performed on a customized version of the RTS-GMLC test system using six months out of year-long data, tested through hourly simulations. After evaluating the performance and computational costs, this method proved faster than common approaches: a MILP Unit Commitment algorithm, widely used today, and an “enable-and-try” algorithm. In summary, herein a more convenient method is provided to be utilized during time-sensitive restoration, as an online operation-planning aid.
在自然灾害或其他突发威胁(如网络攻击)发生后,快速可靠的电力系统恢复至关重要。在系统恢复中利用可再生资源,缩短了恢复时间,避免了生命损失和经济损失,提高了整个电网的弹性。然而,今天这种做法并不常见;这些资源的内在可变性对简化的恢复过程提出了挑战。提出了一种以可再生发电机组为优先级,再降至常规机组为优先级的电力系统恢复调度方案。目标是在大量可再生能源渗透的情况下实现一个良好的平衡系统。验证和基准测试实验在定制版本的RTS-GMLC测试系统上进行,使用一年中的六个月数据,通过每小时模拟进行测试。在评估了性能和计算成本之后,该方法被证明比常见的方法更快:目前广泛使用的MILP单元承诺算法和“启用并尝试”算法。总之,本文提供了一种更方便的方法,用于时间敏感的修复,作为在线操作计划辅助。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2019 IEEE/IAS 55th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS)
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