Juan Ciro-Cardona, John Marulanda-Tabares, Felipe Moniz, Wilder Valencia-Sánchez
This study aimed to compare soccer players’ tactical performance according to their positional roles in the field test of FUT-SAT. The sample consisted of 54 male players from elite youth clubs (Medellín-Colombia), U16 and U17 categories. Participants trained five times per week (Tier 3). We used the System of Tactical Assessment (FUT-SAT), which evaluates tactical behaviour and performance through core tactical principles of soccer. The field test is structured in a numerical configuration of a goalkeeper + 3 players vs. 3 players + a goalkeeper played during 4 min on a playing field 36 m long by 27 m wide. All teams were structured with one player in each positional role (one defender, one midfielder, and one forward). To determine the differences between the positional roles, the following factors were analysed: the number of actions, the percentage of correct actions, the place of action related to the principles, and the Tactical Performance Index of core tactical principles. A total of 2891 tactical actions distributed in nine games were analysed. A Kruskal-Wallis test for the independent groups (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) or a one-way ANOVA was used. There was no difference in soccer players’ tactical performance and behaviour between players of different positional roles in the field test of FUT-SAT. Therefore, teams need to be evaluated with the system of play with players in all field sectors in medium or large sided games. The system of play can be chosen according to the category given that competitions are held in reduced spaces and with fewer players.
{"title":"Is the Field Test of FUT-SAT a Better Experimental Design to Identify the Specific Characteristics of Tactical Performance according to Youth Male Soccer Players' Positional Roles?","authors":"Juan Ciro-Cardona, John Marulanda-Tabares, Felipe Moniz, Wilder Valencia-Sánchez","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170044","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare soccer players’ tactical performance according to their positional roles in the field test of FUT-SAT. The sample consisted of 54 male players from elite youth clubs (Medellín-Colombia), U16 and U17 categories. Participants trained five times per week (Tier 3). We used the System of Tactical Assessment (FUT-SAT), which evaluates tactical behaviour and performance through core tactical principles of soccer. The field test is structured in a numerical configuration of a goalkeeper + 3 players vs. 3 players + a goalkeeper played during 4 min on a playing field 36 m long by 27 m wide. All teams were structured with one player in each positional role (one defender, one midfielder, and one forward). To determine the differences between the positional roles, the following factors were analysed: the number of actions, the percentage of correct actions, the place of action related to the principles, and the Tactical Performance Index of core tactical principles. A total of 2891 tactical actions distributed in nine games were analysed. A Kruskal-Wallis test for the independent groups (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) or a one-way ANOVA was used. There was no difference in soccer players’ tactical performance and behaviour between players of different positional roles in the field test of FUT-SAT. Therefore, teams need to be evaluated with the system of play with players in all field sectors in medium or large sided games. The system of play can be chosen according to the category given that competitions are held in reduced spaces and with fewer players.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Veiga, Xiao Qiu, Alfonso Trinidad, Buru Ertas Dolek, Alfonso De la Rubia, Enrique Navarro
Backstroke swimmers display the greatest contribution of underwater kicking during the swimming race distances, but, surprisingly, there is little evidence of how kicking kinematics in the dorsal position should be performed. The aim of the present study was to examine the kinematic characteristics of competitive swimmers during underwater undulatory swimming in the dorsal position, with special attention to the swimmers’ gender, the level of skill, and kick order. Forty-one national-level swimmers (27 females and 14 males) were filmed from an underwater lateral view while performing a 25-m backstroke from a push start, and they were divided into fast and slow groups according to their kicking velocity. Direct linear algorithms were employed to reconstruct the two-dimensional kinematic characteristics of the first and final kicks of the underwater section. There were no differences between males and females in kicking performance when data were normalised to the swimmers’ height. However, swimmers in the fast-kicking group were distinguished by a greater kicking frequency (η²: 0.15) and specific segmental kinematics related to a lower knee range of motion. Swimmers decreased kicking velocity (η²: 0.47) in addition to the kicking frequency (η²: 0.31) and length (η²: 0.16), but increased the kicking amplitude (η²: 0.11) between the first and the final kicks. Changes in kicking segmental kinematics were more related to modification in body orientation during the underwater trajectory than to the kicking motion itself. These results provide the first solid evidence of how swimmers should kick for better performance in dorsal underwater swimming.
{"title":"Effect of the Skill, Gender, and Kick Order on the Kinematic Characteristics of Underwater Undulatory Swimming in the Dorsal Position","authors":"Santiago Veiga, Xiao Qiu, Alfonso Trinidad, Buru Ertas Dolek, Alfonso De la Rubia, Enrique Navarro","doi":"10.5114/jhk/168600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/168600","url":null,"abstract":"Backstroke swimmers display the greatest contribution of underwater kicking during the swimming race distances, but, surprisingly, there is little evidence of how kicking kinematics in the dorsal position should be performed. The aim of the present study was to examine the kinematic characteristics of competitive swimmers during underwater undulatory swimming in the dorsal position, with special attention to the swimmers’ gender, the level of skill, and kick order. Forty-one national-level swimmers (27 females and 14 males) were filmed from an underwater lateral view while performing a 25-m backstroke from a push start, and they were divided into fast and slow groups according to their kicking velocity. Direct linear algorithms were employed to reconstruct the two-dimensional kinematic characteristics of the first and final kicks of the underwater section. There were no differences between males and females in kicking performance when data were normalised to the swimmers’ height. However, swimmers in the fast-kicking group were distinguished by a greater kicking frequency (η²: 0.15) and specific segmental kinematics related to a lower knee range of motion. Swimmers decreased kicking velocity (η²: 0.47) in addition to the kicking frequency (η²: 0.31) and length (η²: 0.16), but increased the kicking amplitude (η²: 0.11) between the first and the final kicks. Changes in kicking segmental kinematics were more related to modification in body orientation during the underwater trajectory than to the kicking motion itself. These results provide the first solid evidence of how swimmers should kick for better performance in dorsal underwater swimming.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez, Ezequiel Rey
The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different recovery times between bouts of small-sided games (SSG) on external and internal load variables in semi-professional soccer players. Sixteen male semi-professional soccer players performed three 4 vs. 4 + goalkeeper SSG training sessions, each with different recovery bout duration: short (1 min) (SSG1), medium (2 min) (SSG2), and long (4 min) (SSG4). Time motion and neuromuscular measures were collected during all SSGs, in addition, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined at the end of the last bout of each SSG. Results showed a significant increase in the total number of accelerations (p = 0.016, ES = 0.97, large) and decelerations (p = 0.022, ES = 0.81, large) in SSG4 compared to SSG1. In terms of the internal load, SSG2 showed significantly higher RPE values (p = 0.011, ES = 1.00, large) in comparison with SSG1. If the sessions’ focus is on neuromuscular training, longer recovery times between SSG bouts should be used. Conversely, if the aim is to reach a higher total and running distance at different intensities, a 2-min recovery period between bouts may be more appropriate.
本研究的目的是分析半职业足球运动员小面比赛(SSG)之间不同的恢复时间对外部和内部负荷变量的影响。16名男性半职业足球运动员进行了3次4对4 +守门员SSG训练，每次训练的恢复时间不同:短(1分钟)(SSG1)、中(2分钟)(SSG2)和长(4分钟)(SSG4)。在所有SSG期间收集时间运动和神经肌肉测量，并在每次SSG最后一轮结束时确定感知用力(RPE)评级。结果显示，与SSG1相比，SSG4的加速次数(p = 0.016, ES = 0.97，较大)和减速次数(p = 0.022, ES = 0.81，较大)均显著增加。在内负荷方面，SSG2的RPE值显著高于SSG1 (p = 0.011, ES = 1.00，较大)。如果训练的重点是神经肌肉训练，那么在两次SSG之间应该使用更长的恢复时间。相反，如果目标是在不同强度下达到更高的总距离和跑步距离，那么两次比赛之间的2分钟恢复期可能更合适。
{"title":"Effects of Different Recovery Duration on External and Internal Load Measures during Bouts of Small-Sided Games","authors":"Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez, Ezequiel Rey","doi":"10.5114/jhk/169520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169520","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different recovery times between bouts of small-sided games (SSG) on external and internal load variables in semi-professional soccer players. Sixteen male semi-professional soccer players performed three 4 vs. 4 + goalkeeper SSG training sessions, each with different recovery bout duration: short (1 min) (SSG1), medium (2 min) (SSG2), and long (4 min) (SSG4). Time motion and neuromuscular measures were collected during all SSGs, in addition, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined at the end of the last bout of each SSG. Results showed a significant increase in the total number of accelerations (p = 0.016, ES = 0.97, large) and decelerations (p = 0.022, ES = 0.81, large) in SSG4 compared to SSG1. In terms of the internal load, SSG2 showed significantly higher RPE values (p = 0.011, ES = 1.00, large) in comparison with SSG1. If the sessions’ focus is on neuromuscular training, longer recovery times between SSG bouts should be used. Conversely, if the aim is to reach a higher total and running distance at different intensities, a 2-min recovery period between bouts may be more appropriate.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Cristina Barreto, Luís Leitão, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, Rodrigo Poderoso, Victor Machado Reis, Maria Socorro Cirilo-Sousa, Adenilson Targino Júnior, Marcelo Colonna, Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes, Jefferson Silva Novaes
Regular exercise can modulate the immune system functioning through changes in the number and function of leukocytes as well as in red blood cells and other typical blood markers. High intensity exercise promotes increases in cytotoxic activity, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis and cell apoptosis. The aim of the study was to compare the chronic effects of a 24-week training program using CrossFit® methodology on hematological variables of men vs. women. Twenty-nine CrossFit® athletes (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) participated in the study. The blood count, the lipid profile and glucose markers were measured every two months during the study period. The erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations increased in months 4 and 6 in men and women, respectively. Hematocrit levels increased in men in months 2, 4 and 6, while in women only in month 6. Red cell distribution width increased in men in month 6 when compared to the value in month 2. Segmented neutrophils increased in men in month 6 and eosinophil levels increased in women in month 6. Differences between the two sexes were observed in monocytes levels at baseline, as well as in months 2, 4 and 6. Cross-Fit® training increased red cell count indicators in both sexes, which may be related to increased erythropoiesis. Some white blood cell counts were altered and these differed between sexes. The number of lymphocytes remained stable throughout the experiment.
经常锻炼可以通过改变白细胞、红细胞和其他典型血液标志物的数量和功能来调节免疫系统的功能。高强度运动促进细胞毒性活性、吞噬能力、趋化性和细胞凋亡的增加。该研究的目的是比较使用CrossFit®方法的24周训练计划对男性和女性血液学变量的慢性影响。29名CrossFit®运动员(35.3±10.4岁，175.0±9.2 cm, 79.5±16.4 kg)参与了这项研究。在研究期间，每两个月测量一次血液计数、血脂和血糖指标。男性和女性的红细胞计数和血红蛋白浓度分别在第4个月和第6个月增加。男性的红细胞压积水平在第2、4和6个月增加，而女性仅在第6个月增加。与第2个月相比，男性红细胞分布宽度在第6个月有所增加。第6个月，男性的节段性中性粒细胞增加，女性的嗜酸性粒细胞水平增加。在基线以及第2、4和6个月，观察到两性之间单核细胞水平的差异。交叉健身®训练增加了两性红细胞计数指标，这可能与红细胞生成增加有关。一些白细胞计数发生了改变，而且在性别之间存在差异。淋巴细胞数量在整个实验过程中保持稳定。
{"title":"Do Men and Women Differ in Hematological Adaptations to 24 Weeks of Crossfit® Training?","authors":"Ana Cristina Barreto, Luís Leitão, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, Rodrigo Poderoso, Victor Machado Reis, Maria Socorro Cirilo-Sousa, Adenilson Targino Júnior, Marcelo Colonna, Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes, Jefferson Silva Novaes","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170885","url":null,"abstract":"Regular exercise can modulate the immune system functioning through changes in the number and function of leukocytes as well as in red blood cells and other typical blood markers. High intensity exercise promotes increases in cytotoxic activity, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis and cell apoptosis. The aim of the study was to compare the chronic effects of a 24-week training program using CrossFit® methodology on hematological variables of men vs. women. Twenty-nine CrossFit® athletes (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) participated in the study. The blood count, the lipid profile and glucose markers were measured every two months during the study period. The erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations increased in months 4 and 6 in men and women, respectively. Hematocrit levels increased in men in months 2, 4 and 6, while in women only in month 6. Red cell distribution width increased in men in month 6 when compared to the value in month 2. Segmented neutrophils increased in men in month 6 and eosinophil levels increased in women in month 6. Differences between the two sexes were observed in monocytes levels at baseline, as well as in months 2, 4 and 6. Cross-Fit® training increased red cell count indicators in both sexes, which may be related to increased erythropoiesis. Some white blood cell counts were altered and these differed between sexes. The number of lymphocytes remained stable throughout the experiment.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiano Rafael Moré, Rita Adriana Stoeterau Moré, Daniel Boullosa, Rodolfo André Dellagrana
The aim of this study was to verify post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in jumping and sprinting after two endurance volume-equated running protocols with different intensities, in runners vs. active individuals. Nine recreational runners (age: 34.5 ± 9.3 years, body mass: 73.1 ± 11.9 kg, body height: 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 17.4 ± 4.4 %body fat; maximum aerobic speed [MAS]: 16.4 ± 1.0 km·h−1), and 9 active individuals (age: 34.1 ± 9.4 years; body mass: 83.2 ± 7.7 kg; body height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m; 25.6 ± 5.4 %body fat; MAS: 13.3 ± 1.2 km·h−1) volunteered for participation. The evaluations were performed over three days as follows: 1) anthropometric measures, physical fitness tests, and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT) to determine MAS and the distance to be covered in the running protocols; 2 and 3) the countermovement jump (CMJ) and the flying 20-m sprint (SPRINT) were assessed pre- and post-running at 70% of MAS or a time trial race (TTR), equated by volume and completed in random order. A three-way ANOVA (time*group*running) was performed to analyze the PAPE effects. The results showed a time effect (F = 10 .716; p < 0.01) and a group*running interaction (F = 12.094; p < 0.01) for the CMJ, indicating that active individuals demonstrated PAPE after running at 70% of MAS, while for runners both running interventions (70% of MAS and TTR) induced PAPE in CMJ performances. For the SPRINT, a time*group interaction (F = 4.790; p = 0.044) and a group effect were observed, with runners showing greater SPRINT performances than active individuals. From the current results, it can be suggested that training background and intensity can modulate PAPE responses in jumping and sprinting after volume-equated running protocols at different intensities.
{"title":"Influence of Intensity on Post-Running Jump Potentiation in Recreational Runners vs. Physically Active Individuals","authors":"Cristiano Rafael Moré, Rita Adriana Stoeterau Moré, Daniel Boullosa, Rodolfo André Dellagrana","doi":"10.5114/jhk/172268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/172268","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to verify post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in jumping and sprinting after two endurance volume-equated running protocols with different intensities, in runners vs. active individuals. Nine recreational runners (age: 34.5 ± 9.3 years, body mass: 73.1 ± 11.9 kg, body height: 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 17.4 ± 4.4 %body fat; maximum aerobic speed [MAS]: 16.4 ± 1.0 km·h−1), and 9 active individuals (age: 34.1 ± 9.4 years; body mass: 83.2 ± 7.7 kg; body height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m; 25.6 ± 5.4 %body fat; MAS: 13.3 ± 1.2 km·h−1) volunteered for participation. The evaluations were performed over three days as follows: 1) anthropometric measures, physical fitness tests, and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT) to determine MAS and the distance to be covered in the running protocols; 2 and 3) the countermovement jump (CMJ) and the flying 20-m sprint (SPRINT) were assessed pre- and post-running at 70% of MAS or a time trial race (TTR), equated by volume and completed in random order. A three-way ANOVA (time*group*running) was performed to analyze the PAPE effects. The results showed a time effect (F = 10 .716; p < 0.01) and a group*running interaction (F = 12.094; p < 0.01) for the CMJ, indicating that active individuals demonstrated PAPE after running at 70% of MAS, while for runners both running interventions (70% of MAS and TTR) induced PAPE in CMJ performances. For the SPRINT, a time*group interaction (F = 4.790; p = 0.044) and a group effect were observed, with runners showing greater SPRINT performances than active individuals. From the current results, it can be suggested that training background and intensity can modulate PAPE responses in jumping and sprinting after volume-equated running protocols at different intensities.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Gómez-López, Jesús Rivilla-García, Iván González-García, Sergio Sánchez-López, Salvador Angosto
The aim of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the main performance variables of national teams that competed in the Men's (Germany-Denmark 2019) and Women's (Germany 2017) senior handball World Cups, and to compare the spatial offensive performance indices of laterality and depth according to the gender of players, considering for this purpose the total number of throws made according to the finishing area. A documentary study was carried out based on the total number of throws made in 192 male and 154 female games of 48 national teams belonging to 33 countries, which participated in previous World Cups. The data were collected from the International Handball Federation (IHF) statistics. The results showed that the areas from which the highest number of shots were taken in both World Cups were the central and shallow areas of the field. Several gender differences were observed. More specifically, male teams made much more attempts from the left side area than female teams (data), who finished from the right side (data). The depth index reflected that, although the dominant execution by gender was from deep offensive zones, men's teams finished more often from the 1st offensive line, while female teams finished from the 2nd offensive line. This information will be useful for coaches in designing training tasks and for players in improving decision making.
{"title":"Analysis of Spatial Offensive Performance in Handball: Differences between Men's and Women's Senior World Championships","authors":"Manuel Gómez-López, Jesús Rivilla-García, Iván González-García, Sergio Sánchez-López, Salvador Angosto","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170233","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the main performance variables of national teams that competed in the Men's (Germany-Denmark 2019) and Women's (Germany 2017) senior handball World Cups, and to compare the spatial offensive performance indices of laterality and depth according to the gender of players, considering for this purpose the total number of throws made according to the finishing area. A documentary study was carried out based on the total number of throws made in 192 male and 154 female games of 48 national teams belonging to 33 countries, which participated in previous World Cups. The data were collected from the International Handball Federation (IHF) statistics. The results showed that the areas from which the highest number of shots were taken in both World Cups were the central and shallow areas of the field. Several gender differences were observed. More specifically, male teams made much more attempts from the left side area than female teams (data), who finished from the right side (data). The depth index reflected that, although the dominant execution by gender was from deep offensive zones, men's teams finished more often from the 1st offensive line, while female teams finished from the 2nd offensive line. This information will be useful for coaches in designing training tasks and for players in improving decision making.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Zwierko, Wojciech Jedziniak, Jarosław Domaradzki, Michał Zwierko, Marlena Opolska, Wojciech Lubiński
Stroboscopic training enhances perceptual cognition and motor skills; however, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this adaptation are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week stroboscopic training program on the conductivity of the visual pathway in elite handball players, specifically related to their visual processing of retinal location and viewing conditions. The study included 22 handball players who were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Both groups performed handball-specific in-situ tasks, but only the experimental group underwent stroboscopic training. Participants were assessed three times using visually evoked potential recordings measured by P100 implicit time and amplitude under three viewing conditions (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, and binocular) and two retinal locations (extra-foveal and foveal vision) before and after the six-week training period, and again four weeks later. The results showed a significant TIME vs. GROUP effect of P100 implicit time for the dominant eye in extra-foveal vision (F2,40 = 5.20, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.206), extra-foveal binocular viewing (F2,40 = 3.32, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.142), and dominant eye foveal vision (F2,40 = 4.07, p = 0.025, ηp2 = 0.169). Stroboscopic training significantly improved early visual processing by reducing the P100 implicit time for the dominant eye and binocular vision, particularly in extra-foveal vision. The improvements were more noticeable in the short compared to the long term.
频闪训练增强知觉认知和运动技能;然而，这种适应背后的神经生理机制尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨为期六周的频闪训练对优秀手球运动员视觉通路电导率的影响，特别是与他们对视网膜位置和观看条件的视觉处理有关。这项研究包括22名手球运动员，他们被随机分为实验组和对照组。两组都进行了特定于手球的原位任务，但只有实验组进行了频闪训练。在为期六周的训练前后和四周后，在三种观看条件(主视、非主视和双眼)和两个视网膜位置(中央凹外视觉和中央凹视觉)下，使用P100内隐时间和振幅测量的视觉诱发电位记录对参与者进行了三次评估。结果显示，优势眼的P100隐性时间在中央凹外视觉(F2,40 = 5.20, p = 0.010， ηp2 = 0.206)、中央凹外双眼视觉(F2,40 = 3.32, p = 0.046， ηp2 = 0.142)和优势眼中央凹视觉(F2,40 = 4.07, p = 0.025， ηp2 = 0.169)中具有显著的TIME vs. GROUP效应。频闪训练通过减少优势眼和双眼视觉的P100内隐时间，特别是中央凹外视觉，显著改善了早期视觉加工。与长期相比，这种改善在短期内更为明显。
{"title":"Electrophysiological Evidence of Stroboscopic Training in Elite Handball Players: Visual Evoked Potentials Study","authors":"Teresa Zwierko, Wojciech Jedziniak, Jarosław Domaradzki, Michał Zwierko, Marlena Opolska, Wojciech Lubiński","doi":"10.5114/jhk/169443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169443","url":null,"abstract":"Stroboscopic training enhances perceptual cognition and motor skills; however, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this adaptation are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week stroboscopic training program on the conductivity of the visual pathway in elite handball players, specifically related to their visual processing of retinal location and viewing conditions. The study included 22 handball players who were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Both groups performed handball-specific in-situ tasks, but only the experimental group underwent stroboscopic training. Participants were assessed three times using visually evoked potential recordings measured by P100 implicit time and amplitude under three viewing conditions (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, and binocular) and two retinal locations (extra-foveal and foveal vision) before and after the six-week training period, and again four weeks later. The results showed a significant TIME vs. GROUP effect of P100 implicit time for the dominant eye in extra-foveal vision (F2,40 = 5.20, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.206), extra-foveal binocular viewing (F2,40 = 3.32, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.142), and dominant eye foveal vision (F2,40 = 4.07, p = 0.025, ηp2 = 0.169). Stroboscopic training significantly improved early visual processing by reducing the P100 implicit time for the dominant eye and binocular vision, particularly in extra-foveal vision. The improvements were more noticeable in the short compared to the long term.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Rodriguez-Gomez, Cesar Gallo-Salazar, Juan Jose Salinero
The aim of the present study was to analyze the sporting progression from U14 to senior categories of elite Spanish high and long jumpers. For prospective analysis, 300 athletes ranked top 20 at U14 were analyzed (153 female and 147 male). For retrospective analysis, 64 athletes ranked in the top 20 in the senior category were included (21 female and 43 male). Ranking positions were registered in each of the seasons where they presented records. Only 6.3% (19) of athletes who reached the top 20 at U14 became successful senior athletes [4.7% (14) of athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to senior]. The transition rate from U14 to U16 (35.7%) was the most severe drop down in consecutive categories (after this, it ranged from 47.8 to 66.7%). Of the senior top 20 athletes (64), most of them were already ranked top 20 at U16 (59.4%, 38), at U18 (62.5%, 40), at U20 (70.3%, 45) and at U23 (78.1%, 50). Nevertheless, only 34.4% (22) were top 20 when they were U14 athletes. Transition rates in the top 20 senior athletes ranged from 86.7 to 95.5%. Around one out of four (26.6%, 17) of the top 20 senior athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to the senior category. Although early success is not a good predictor of senior success, successful senior athletes excelled early on and were able to remain in top rankings throughout their sporting careers of national elite jumpers.
{"title":"Prospective and Retrospective Analysis of the Sporting Success of Elite Spanish High and Long Jumpers","authors":"Pablo Rodriguez-Gomez, Cesar Gallo-Salazar, Juan Jose Salinero","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170762","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to analyze the sporting progression from U14 to senior categories of elite Spanish high and long jumpers. For prospective analysis, 300 athletes ranked top 20 at U14 were analyzed (153 female and 147 male). For retrospective analysis, 64 athletes ranked in the top 20 in the senior category were included (21 female and 43 male). Ranking positions were registered in each of the seasons where they presented records. Only 6.3% (19) of athletes who reached the top 20 at U14 became successful senior athletes [4.7% (14) of athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to senior]. The transition rate from U14 to U16 (35.7%) was the most severe drop down in consecutive categories (after this, it ranged from 47.8 to 66.7%). Of the senior top 20 athletes (64), most of them were already ranked top 20 at U16 (59.4%, 38), at U18 (62.5%, 40), at U20 (70.3%, 45) and at U23 (78.1%, 50). Nevertheless, only 34.4% (22) were top 20 when they were U14 athletes. Transition rates in the top 20 senior athletes ranged from 86.7 to 95.5%. Around one out of four (26.6%, 17) of the top 20 senior athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to the senior category. Although early success is not a good predictor of senior success, successful senior athletes excelled early on and were able to remain in top rankings throughout their sporting careers of national elite jumpers.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to other training strategies in both male and female healthy individuals. Understanding sex-specific differences in cardiac auto-regulation may contribute to the optimal training strategies for HIIT. The present study aimed to identify sex differences in heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function following HIIT in young adults. Twenty-four physically active young male and female adults (M: 12, F: 12, age: 19.5 yr, BMI: 22.1 kg∙m−2) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants performed 10 bouts of HIIT including 20 s of high-intensity cycling at 115–130% Wmax followed by 100 s of recovery. The cardiac auto-regulations including HRV and vascular function were measured at five different time points. The R-R interval, rMSSD, and SDNN were recovered faster in males than in females after 15 min of HIIT. There were sex differences in the autonomic nervous system where ln LF and ln HF activities along with sympathovagal balance (ln LF/HF) were greater in females compared with males immediately and 15 min after HIIT. However, no significant differences in blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were observed between male and female participants. Overall, HRV was more activated in females than in males following HIIT, but the acute response in vascular function was not different between sexes. In future studies, sex-specific adaptations of cardiac auto regulation following repeated HIIT may need to be performed.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Heart Rate Variability and Vascular Function Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Adults","authors":"Myong-Won Seo, Tae-Young Park, Hyun Chul Jung","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170964","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to other training strategies in both male and female healthy individuals. Understanding sex-specific differences in cardiac auto-regulation may contribute to the optimal training strategies for HIIT. The present study aimed to identify sex differences in heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function following HIIT in young adults. Twenty-four physically active young male and female adults (M: 12, F: 12, age: 19.5 yr, BMI: 22.1 kg∙m−2) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants performed 10 bouts of HIIT including 20 s of high-intensity cycling at 115–130% Wmax followed by 100 s of recovery. The cardiac auto-regulations including HRV and vascular function were measured at five different time points. The R-R interval, rMSSD, and SDNN were recovered faster in males than in females after 15 min of HIIT. There were sex differences in the autonomic nervous system where ln LF and ln HF activities along with sympathovagal balance (ln LF/HF) were greater in females compared with males immediately and 15 min after HIIT. However, no significant differences in blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were observed between male and female participants. Overall, HRV was more activated in females than in males following HIIT, but the acute response in vascular function was not different between sexes. In future studies, sex-specific adaptations of cardiac auto regulation following repeated HIIT may need to be performed.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05eCollection Date: 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5114/jhk/170838
Enrique Alonso Pérez-Chao, Rubén Portes, Miguel Ángel Gómez, Nimai Parmar, Alberto Lorenzo, Sergio L Jiménez-Sáiz
Since the analysis of most demanding scenarios (MDS) in basketball has improved the practical knowledge about match demands and possible impacts for the training process, it seems important to summarize the scientific evidence providing useful information and future directions related to MDS. This review assesses the results reflected in the available literature about the MDS in basketball, synthesizing and discussing data from scientific papers, and then providing relevant insights about terminology, sex and sample size, competition category, workload variables recorded, technology used, method of calculation, time windows analyzed, and activities evaluated related to MDS. Therefore, the present narrative review would be of practical use for coaches, scientists, athletes as well as strength and conditioning trainers exploring the current trends and future directions related to MDS in basketball.
{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Most Demanding Scenarios in Basketball: Current Trends and Future Directions.","authors":"Enrique Alonso Pérez-Chao, Rubén Portes, Miguel Ángel Gómez, Nimai Parmar, Alberto Lorenzo, Sergio L Jiménez-Sáiz","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170838","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/170838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the analysis of most demanding scenarios (MDS) in basketball has improved the practical knowledge about match demands and possible impacts for the training process, it seems important to summarize the scientific evidence providing useful information and future directions related to MDS. This review assesses the results reflected in the available literature about the MDS in basketball, synthesizing and discussing data from scientific papers, and then providing relevant insights about terminology, sex and sample size, competition category, workload variables recorded, technology used, method of calculation, time windows analyzed, and activities evaluated related to MDS. Therefore, the present narrative review would be of practical use for coaches, scientists, athletes as well as strength and conditioning trainers exploring the current trends and future directions related to MDS in basketball.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"231-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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