Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00004.7
S. Ambwani, T. Ambwani, R. Chauhan
Pesticide hazards have been amplified by the sharp rise in their agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Though there is considerable contribution of pesticides in various agriculture, domestic and industrial applications; however, continuous exposure of pesticides even at low dose levels can exert adverse effects on mammalian immune system. Dimethoate is an insecticide and acaricide of moderate mammalian toxicity which is used in housefly control and against a broad range of agricultural insect and mite pests. Present communication reports dimethoate induced immunotoxic effects due to enhanced oxidative stress and down regulation of interleukin (IL) levels in avian lymphocyte cell culture system employing lymphocyte proliferation assay, cytokine assay and oxidative stress assay. There was a marked reduction in B and T cells proliferation in avian lymphocytes due to the exposure of thousand times dilution of No Observable Effect Level (NOEL/103) dose of dimethoate. Cytokine assay revealed significant reduction in IL-1 and IL-2 levels. There was a significant increase in oxidative stress in dimethoate treated cells in comparison with controls cells as revealed by nitric oxide estimation. Thus, from our findings, it is revealed that in vitro exposure of low dose of dimethoate induces significant immunotoxic effects and higher oxidative stress in avian lymphocytes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress due to in vitro Exposure of Dimethoate in Chicken Lymphocytes","authors":"S. Ambwani, T. Ambwani, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00004.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00004.7","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide hazards have been amplified by the sharp rise in their agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Though there is considerable contribution of pesticides in various agriculture, domestic and industrial applications; however, continuous exposure of pesticides even at low dose levels can exert adverse effects on mammalian immune system. Dimethoate is an insecticide and acaricide of moderate mammalian toxicity which is used in housefly control and against a broad range of agricultural insect and mite pests. Present communication reports dimethoate induced immunotoxic effects due to enhanced oxidative stress and down regulation of interleukin (IL) levels in avian lymphocyte cell culture system employing lymphocyte proliferation assay, cytokine assay and oxidative stress assay. There was a marked reduction in B and T cells proliferation in avian lymphocytes due to the exposure of thousand times dilution of No Observable Effect Level (NOEL/103) dose of dimethoate. Cytokine assay revealed significant reduction in IL-1 and IL-2 levels. There was a significant increase in oxidative stress in dimethoate treated cells in comparison with controls cells as revealed by nitric oxide estimation. Thus, from our findings, it is revealed that in vitro exposure of low dose of dimethoate induces significant immunotoxic effects and higher oxidative stress in avian lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"43 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74134957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00005.9
V. Manjunatha, M. Rout, P. Giridhar, C. Sujay, N. Salian, N. Jaisingh, V. Srivastava, S. Byregowda
The present study was intended to investigate the endoparasites in Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) maintained under captive condition in Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru. Material and methods: A total of 19 elephant faecal samples were collected and examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The faecal samples were analysed using sedimentation and floatation techniques followed by microscopic identification of parasitic eggs. Results: Out of 19 elephants faecal samples examined, 12 (63.1%) were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites, which included 7 Strongyle ova, 3 Paramphistomum ova, 3 Trichuris ova and 2 coccidian oocysts. There were some mixed infections observed in few samples, where two were positive for both Strongyle and Paramphistomum ova, and one sample was positive for both Strongyle ova and coccidian oocyst. Discussion: Various studies of wildlife parasites can readily provide data on presence or absence of parasitic prevalence. This can help strategising control measures. Conclusions: Studies on parasitic prevalence is vital in monitoring the health and maintenance of elephant population in captivity.
本研究旨在调查班加罗尔Bannerghatta生物公园圈养条件下的印度象(elephhas maximus indicus)体内的寄生虫。材料与方法:采集19例大象粪便标本，检测胃肠道寄生虫。利用沉降和漂浮技术对粪便样本进行了分析，随后对寄生卵进行了显微镜鉴定。结果:检出胃肠道寄生虫12例(63.1%)，其中圆形虫卵7例，副食口虫卵3例，毛线虫虫卵3例，球虫卵囊2例。在少数样本中观察到一些混合感染，其中两个样本同时呈圆形卵和副嗜口卵阳性，一个样本同时呈圆形卵和球虫卵囊阳性。讨论:对野生动物寄生虫的各种研究可以很容易地提供存在或不存在寄生虫流行的数据。这有助于制定控制措施的战略。结论:研究圈养象的寄生虫流行对监测象群的健康和维持种群数量至关重要。
{"title":"Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in captive Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) at Bannerghatta Biological Park, Karnataka.","authors":"V. Manjunatha, M. Rout, P. Giridhar, C. Sujay, N. Salian, N. Jaisingh, V. Srivastava, S. Byregowda","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00005.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00005.9","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was intended to investigate the endoparasites in Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) maintained under captive condition in Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru. Material and methods: A total of 19 elephant faecal samples were collected and examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The faecal samples were analysed using sedimentation and floatation techniques followed by microscopic identification of parasitic eggs. Results: Out of 19 elephants faecal samples examined, 12 (63.1%) were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites, which included 7 Strongyle ova, 3 Paramphistomum ova, 3 Trichuris ova and 2 coccidian oocysts. There were some mixed infections observed in few samples, where two were positive for both Strongyle and Paramphistomum ova, and one sample was positive for both Strongyle ova and coccidian oocyst. Discussion: Various studies of wildlife parasites can readily provide data on presence or absence of parasitic prevalence. This can help strategising control measures. Conclusions: Studies on parasitic prevalence is vital in monitoring the health and maintenance of elephant population in captivity.","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"24 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81244758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00024.2
P. Nema, R. Singh, G. Goyal, B. Gupta, Anju Naik, K. Jadav, Ayaskanta Singh
{"title":"Molecular Characterisation of Escherichia coli Isolates from Milk and Milk Products","authors":"P. Nema, R. Singh, G. Goyal, B. Gupta, Anju Naik, K. Jadav, Ayaskanta Singh","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00024.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"30 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00018.7
Rs Chauhan, Ankita Joshi
{"title":"Anti-Cancer properties of herbs in cell culture system","authors":"Rs Chauhan, Ankita Joshi","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00018.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00018.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"91 1 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00021.7
M. Rout, Y. Malik, S. Bhat, R. Chauhan
{"title":"Biosensor's Use in Detection of Animal Diseases and Enhancing Production","authors":"M. Rout, Y. Malik, S. Bhat, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00021.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"25 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89482354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00007.2
Kirandeep Kaur, G. Kaur, D. Muthuchelvan, P. Dwivedi
Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is an acute highly contagious disease of sheep and goats causing high morbidity and mortality. PPR is endemic in India and outbreaks occur in sheep and goats regularly throughout the country leading to huge economic losses. The present study aimed at the detection of PPR virus in nasal and ocular swabs of goats from Punjab region and also to isolate the virus. For this purpose, 100 samples (50 ocular and 50 nasal swabs) were collected from 50 goats. The samples were subjected to sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of PPR virus and also subjected to virus isolation in B95a cell line. The study revealed that PPR virus is present in the goat population in the region under study. Further, PPR virus could be successfully isolated in B95a cell line.
{"title":"Detection and Isolation of Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) Virus in Goats of Punjab Region (India)","authors":"Kirandeep Kaur, G. Kaur, D. Muthuchelvan, P. Dwivedi","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00007.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00007.2","url":null,"abstract":"Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is an acute highly contagious disease of sheep and goats causing high morbidity and mortality. PPR is endemic in India and outbreaks occur in sheep and goats regularly throughout the country leading to huge economic losses. The present study aimed at the detection of PPR virus in nasal and ocular swabs of goats from Punjab region and also to isolate the virus. For this purpose, 100 samples (50 ocular and 50 nasal swabs) were collected from 50 goats. The samples were subjected to sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of PPR virus and also subjected to virus isolation in B95a cell line. The study revealed that PPR virus is present in the goat population in the region under study. Further, PPR virus could be successfully isolated in B95a cell line.","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"15 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81848821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00014.X
N. Mewari, R. Chauhan
{"title":"Tumours in poultry.","authors":"N. Mewari, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00014.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00014.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"37 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82817811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00015.1
Diksha Kandpal, R. Chauhan
Neoplasm or tumour occurs as an unexplained, clinically silent mass in tissue. It can be due to epigenetic or genetic alterations. However, precise clinical examination, observation and biopsy and other diagnostic procedures can be used for confirmatory diagnosis and helps in identification and treatment of the various tumours. They are classified as benign and malignant neoplasms on basis of metastasis. Neoplasm is a condition commonly affecting the animal kingdom as compared with plant because of the presence of cell wall in them. Carcinogenesis involves both the genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetics involves changes with the DNA, and epigenetics involves alterations without changes in the DNA. Cancer is most commonly studied in companion animals; however, wild animals though equally affected by neoplasms are rarely reported as they are most commonly encountered during post-mortem, and often signs and symptoms are noticed which coincide with tumour development. The article presents the information about neoplastic occurrence in various wild animals and birds. The related safety issues as wild animals act as source of disease to humans, especially the zoo keepers in contact with them.
{"title":"Neoplasms in Wild Animals in India","authors":"Diksha Kandpal, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00015.1","url":null,"abstract":"Neoplasm or tumour occurs as an unexplained, clinically silent mass in tissue. It can be due to epigenetic or genetic alterations. However, precise clinical examination, observation and biopsy and other diagnostic procedures can be used for confirmatory diagnosis and helps in identification and treatment of the various tumours. They are classified as benign and malignant neoplasms on basis of metastasis. Neoplasm is a condition commonly affecting the animal kingdom as compared with plant because of the presence of cell wall in them. Carcinogenesis involves both the genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetics involves changes with the DNA, and epigenetics involves alterations without changes in the DNA. Cancer is most commonly studied in companion animals; however, wild animals though equally affected by neoplasms are rarely reported as they are most commonly encountered during post-mortem, and often signs and symptoms are noticed which coincide with tumour development. The article presents the information about neoplastic occurrence in various wild animals and birds. The related safety issues as wild animals act as source of disease to humans, especially the zoo keepers in contact with them.","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"325 1","pages":"74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00016.3
Diksha Kandpal, Neha, R. Chauhan
{"title":"Tumours in laboratory animals","authors":"Diksha Kandpal, Neha, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00016.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00016.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"19 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00028.X
S. Tripathi, R. Singh, Pooja Singh, B. Gupta, N. Rajput, K. Jadav, Ajitha Singh
{"title":"Isolation and Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from Milk Products","authors":"S. Tripathi, R. Singh, Pooja Singh, B. Gupta, N. Rajput, K. Jadav, Ajitha Singh","doi":"10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00028.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9149.2018.00028.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology","volume":"31 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87120050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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