Introduction: Despite its importance for young women, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains low in Japan. Previous studies have examined behaviors related to HPV catch-up vaccination. Uniquely, this study aimed to investigate perceptions and factors influencing vaccination coverage among female university students in the catch-up program, focusing on both medical and non-medical undergraduates.
Methods: A web-based survey was conducted at Kochi University from January 16 to February 13, 2023, targeting female students born between April 2, 1997, and April 1, 2006. The survey collected demographic data and assessed knowledge of HPV infection, cervical cancer, and preventive measures. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups as well as factors related to HPV vaccination.
Results: Of the 310 participants, 39.0 % were vaccinated against HPV, 35.2 % were freshmen, and 75.2 % were in medical science programs. HPV vaccination was significantly associated with being in upper years of university (OR = 3.78-42.83), studying medical sciences (OR = 1.93), undergoing cervical cancer screening (OR = 4.04), and receiving free vaccination vouchers (OR = 2.03).
Conclusion: Knowledge and awareness of HPV and cervical cancer significantly contribute to higher vaccination uptake in the generation receiving catch-up vaccinations. Tailoring information and distributing free vaccination vouchers could enhance HPV vaccination rates and awareness in this group.
{"title":"Knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) influence HPV vaccination uptake among the catch-up generation in Japan.","authors":"Yuka Yamagishi, Natsuko Nakamura, Marina Minami, Kaoru Keyama, Kyoko Osaka, Nagamasa Maeda, Hiroshige Mikamo","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite its importance for young women, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains low in Japan. Previous studies have examined behaviors related to HPV catch-up vaccination. Uniquely, this study aimed to investigate perceptions and factors influencing vaccination coverage among female university students in the catch-up program, focusing on both medical and non-medical undergraduates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based survey was conducted at Kochi University from January 16 to February 13, 2023, targeting female students born between April 2, 1997, and April 1, 2006. The survey collected demographic data and assessed knowledge of HPV infection, cervical cancer, and preventive measures. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups as well as factors related to HPV vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 310 participants, 39.0 % were vaccinated against HPV, 35.2 % were freshmen, and 75.2 % were in medical science programs. HPV vaccination was significantly associated with being in upper years of university (OR = 3.78-42.83), studying medical sciences (OR = 1.93), undergoing cervical cancer screening (OR = 4.04), and receiving free vaccination vouchers (OR = 2.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge and awareness of HPV and cervical cancer significantly contribute to higher vaccination uptake in the generation receiving catch-up vaccinations. Tailoring information and distributing free vaccination vouchers could enhance HPV vaccination rates and awareness in this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.015
Ryoko Honda, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Hiroki Ozawa, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Nobuyoshi Mori
Background: It has been reported that 95 % of patients labeled as penicillin-allergic may be mislabeled. However, the process of delabeling has not advanced due to a shortage of allergy specialists capable of conducting accurate assessments. To address this issue, The Antibiotics Allergy Assessment Tool (AAAT) has been proposed as a tool to evaluate patients who can be delabeled by non-specialists.
Objective: This study aims to identify patients who can be delabeled and to evaluate patients who are likely to be delabeled using AAAT.
Methods: Patients admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, with documented penicillin allergy labels were included in the study. Patients who demonstrated tolerance to labeled antibiotics or were labeled without explicit allergy declarations were defined as delabeling. Subsequently, patients who did not meet the criteria for delabeling were evaluated for their potential to be delabeled using the AAAT, retrospectively.
Results: 530 patients were selected, of which 62 (11.7 %) were delabeled. The AAAT evaluation of the remaining patients indicated that at least an additional 137 (25.8 %) patients could potentially be delabeled.
Conclusion: The use of AAAT demonstrated the potential to delabel approximately third as many patients without the need for specialist evaluation. To promote broader delabeling efforts in the future, prospective studies should investigate the safety and effectiveness of evaluation tools such as the AAAT.
{"title":"Retrospective study on penicillin allergy delabeling and evaluation of an antibiotic allergy assessment tool.","authors":"Ryoko Honda, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Hiroki Ozawa, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Nobuyoshi Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been reported that 95 % of patients labeled as penicillin-allergic may be mislabeled. However, the process of delabeling has not advanced due to a shortage of allergy specialists capable of conducting accurate assessments. To address this issue, The Antibiotics Allergy Assessment Tool (AAAT) has been proposed as a tool to evaluate patients who can be delabeled by non-specialists.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify patients who can be delabeled and to evaluate patients who are likely to be delabeled using AAAT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, with documented penicillin allergy labels were included in the study. Patients who demonstrated tolerance to labeled antibiotics or were labeled without explicit allergy declarations were defined as delabeling. Subsequently, patients who did not meet the criteria for delabeling were evaluated for their potential to be delabeled using the AAAT, retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>530 patients were selected, of which 62 (11.7 %) were delabeled. The AAAT evaluation of the remaining patients indicated that at least an additional 137 (25.8 %) patients could potentially be delabeled.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of AAAT demonstrated the potential to delabel approximately third as many patients without the need for specialist evaluation. To promote broader delabeling efforts in the future, prospective studies should investigate the safety and effectiveness of evaluation tools such as the AAAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.014
Yuichi Shibata, Jun Hirai, Nobuaki Mori, Nobuhiro Asai, Mao Hagihara, Yasumasa Yamada, Hiroshige Mikamo
A previous study reported that the incidence of hyponatremia after linezolid (LZD) use was higher than that with vancomycin (VCM) use in adults. However, hyponatremia due to LZD in neonates and infants was not investigated. This study aimed to compare the incidence of hyponatremia between LZD and VCM use in neonates and infants. The retrospective study was conducted at the Aichi Medical University Hospital. All patients who were cared for in NICU or GCU and received ≥3 days of LZD or VCM were included in this study. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level ≤134 mEq/L and ≥5 % decrease from baseline after administration of LZD or VCM. A total of 76 patients (LZD, N = 36; VCM, N = 37) were included. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hyponatremia between the two groups (19.4 % vs 16.2 %, p = 0.72). The proportion of patients with a minimum value of serum sodium ≤134 mEq/L during treatment was 47.3 % in the LZD group and 35.1 % in the VCM group (p = 0.29), and the decrease in serum sodium level from baseline to the minimum value was 80.5 % and 78.4 %, respectively (p = 0.85). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the incidence of hyponatremia between the LZD and VCM groups. Therefore, it is not necessary to avoid LZD use in neonates and infants because of the risk of hyponatremia.
{"title":"Comparison of incidence of hyponatremia between linezolid and vancomycin in neonates and infants.","authors":"Yuichi Shibata, Jun Hirai, Nobuaki Mori, Nobuhiro Asai, Mao Hagihara, Yasumasa Yamada, Hiroshige Mikamo","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A previous study reported that the incidence of hyponatremia after linezolid (LZD) use was higher than that with vancomycin (VCM) use in adults. However, hyponatremia due to LZD in neonates and infants was not investigated. This study aimed to compare the incidence of hyponatremia between LZD and VCM use in neonates and infants. The retrospective study was conducted at the Aichi Medical University Hospital. All patients who were cared for in NICU or GCU and received ≥3 days of LZD or VCM were included in this study. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level ≤134 mEq/L and ≥5 % decrease from baseline after administration of LZD or VCM. A total of 76 patients (LZD, N = 36; VCM, N = 37) were included. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hyponatremia between the two groups (19.4 % vs 16.2 %, p = 0.72). The proportion of patients with a minimum value of serum sodium ≤134 mEq/L during treatment was 47.3 % in the LZD group and 35.1 % in the VCM group (p = 0.29), and the decrease in serum sodium level from baseline to the minimum value was 80.5 % and 78.4 %, respectively (p = 0.85). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the incidence of hyponatremia between the LZD and VCM groups. Therefore, it is not necessary to avoid LZD use in neonates and infants because of the risk of hyponatremia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.012
Rana Abdelqader,Hanan Hasan,Dalal A Shuqair,AbdelRahman M Zueter,Khaled A Albakri,Mohammed Ghanem
BACKGROUNDAcute gastroenteritis is a major health concern for all age groups and accounts for more than 2.5 million deaths annually in children under five years old. Human Aichi virus causes acute gastroenteritis and is associated with foodborne outbreaks. Little is known about its pathogenicity, evolution, and geographical distribution.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence of AiV-1 and its genotype distribution, track outbreaks, and estimate co-infection rates with other viral gastroenteritis.METHODSA comprehensive systematic search of the epidemiological aspects of AiV-1 was conducted using peer-reviewed English original articles indexed in several scientific database libraries since its first detection in Japan until October 2022. A total of 55 published studies were included in the final analysis based on the inclusion criteria.RESULTThe global prevalence of AiV-1 was 1.45 %. To date, nine AiV-1 outbreaks were reported following the first oyster-associated outbreak in Japan between 1987 and 1991. AiV-1 genotype A has a worldwide distribution, whereas genotypes B and C have a pattern of geo-localization. The gradual and significant increase of AiV-1 seroprevalence with age was reported in all studies. The most predominant viruses causing viral coinfection among AiV-1-infected patients were Norovirus (36.55 %), Rotavirus (18.91 %), and Sapovirus (15.13 %). Coinfections with Norovirus (p-value 0.003), Rotavirus (p = 0.007), and Human Astrovirus (p = 0.032) were significantly correlated with AiV-1 coinfection.CONCLUSIONThis was the first comprehensive systematic review of AiV-1. Although AiV-1 has a low global prevalence, it can be considered a health concern due to its association with childhood gastroenteritis.
{"title":"Global epidemiology, genotype distribution and coinfection rate of Human Aichi virus: A systematic review.","authors":"Rana Abdelqader,Hanan Hasan,Dalal A Shuqair,AbdelRahman M Zueter,Khaled A Albakri,Mohammed Ghanem","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAcute gastroenteritis is a major health concern for all age groups and accounts for more than 2.5 million deaths annually in children under five years old. Human Aichi virus causes acute gastroenteritis and is associated with foodborne outbreaks. Little is known about its pathogenicity, evolution, and geographical distribution.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence of AiV-1 and its genotype distribution, track outbreaks, and estimate co-infection rates with other viral gastroenteritis.METHODSA comprehensive systematic search of the epidemiological aspects of AiV-1 was conducted using peer-reviewed English original articles indexed in several scientific database libraries since its first detection in Japan until October 2022. A total of 55 published studies were included in the final analysis based on the inclusion criteria.RESULTThe global prevalence of AiV-1 was 1.45 %. To date, nine AiV-1 outbreaks were reported following the first oyster-associated outbreak in Japan between 1987 and 1991. AiV-1 genotype A has a worldwide distribution, whereas genotypes B and C have a pattern of geo-localization. The gradual and significant increase of AiV-1 seroprevalence with age was reported in all studies. The most predominant viruses causing viral coinfection among AiV-1-infected patients were Norovirus (36.55 %), Rotavirus (18.91 %), and Sapovirus (15.13 %). Coinfections with Norovirus (p-value 0.003), Rotavirus (p = 0.007), and Human Astrovirus (p = 0.032) were significantly correlated with AiV-1 coinfection.CONCLUSIONThis was the first comprehensive systematic review of AiV-1. Although AiV-1 has a low global prevalence, it can be considered a health concern due to its association with childhood gastroenteritis.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A blood culture (BC) test is vital for diagnosing bacteremia in clinical practice. Although incubation time varies among automated BC systems, 4–5 days is deemed to be sufficient time for the BD BACTEC FX blood culture system. This study compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of true-positive BC samples on day 5 with those within 4 days to reduce missed true bacteremia cases. We conducted a retrospective study of blood cultures from hospitalized patients between April 2020 and April 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. In total, 12,342 BC sets were collected from 6,567 patients. Gram-positive bacilli other than spp. and spp., non-, and yeasts other than spp. were detected more frequently in BC-positive patients on day 5 than in those within 4 days. The gastrointestinal tract was the portal of entry more frequently on day 5 than within 4 days (25 % vs. 4 %, p = 0.006). A 4-day incubation period is sufficient for the BD BACTEC FX blood culture system under routine conditions. However, a 5-day incubation period may be warranted when low pathogenicity is suspected or the gastrointestinal tract is suspected as the portal of entry.
在临床实践中，血液培养（BC）检测对诊断菌血症至关重要。尽管自动 BC 系统的培养时间各不相同，但对于 BD BACTEC FX 血培养系统来说，4-5 天被认为是足够长的时间。本研究比较了第 5 天和 4 天内真正阳性 BC 样本的临床和微生物学特征，以减少真正菌血症病例的漏诊。我们对日本一家三级医院 2020 年 4 月至 2023 年 4 月期间住院患者的血培养结果进行了回顾性研究。总共从 6567 名患者中收集了 12342 套 BC。在 BC 阳性患者中，第 5 天检测到的革兰氏阳性杆菌（非属和属）、非和酵母菌（非属和属）的频率高于 4 天内的患者。胃肠道在第 5 天比 4 天内更常成为感染入口（25% 对 4%，P = 0.006）。在常规条件下，BD BACTEC FX 血液培养系统的培养期为 4 天就足够了。但是，如果怀疑病原体的致病性较低或怀疑病原体是从胃肠道进入的，则需要 5 天的潜伏期。
{"title":"Validity of reducing blood culture incubation time for the BD BACTEC FX blood culture system considering microbiological and clinical aspects","authors":"Takehiro Hashimoto, Takaaki Yahiro, Sakirul Khan, Kazunori Kimitsuki, Akira Nishizono, Kazufumi Hiramatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"A blood culture (BC) test is vital for diagnosing bacteremia in clinical practice. Although incubation time varies among automated BC systems, 4–5 days is deemed to be sufficient time for the BD BACTEC FX blood culture system. This study compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of true-positive BC samples on day 5 with those within 4 days to reduce missed true bacteremia cases. We conducted a retrospective study of blood cultures from hospitalized patients between April 2020 and April 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. In total, 12,342 BC sets were collected from 6,567 patients. Gram-positive bacilli other than spp. and spp., non-, and yeasts other than spp. were detected more frequently in BC-positive patients on day 5 than in those within 4 days. The gastrointestinal tract was the portal of entry more frequently on day 5 than within 4 days (25 % vs. 4 %, p = 0.006). A 4-day incubation period is sufficient for the BD BACTEC FX blood culture system under routine conditions. However, a 5-day incubation period may be warranted when low pathogenicity is suspected or the gastrointestinal tract is suspected as the portal of entry.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Anti-herpesvirus drug-induced encephalopathy can complicate herpes zoster treatment; however, the association between the recently developed anti-herpesvirus drug amenamevir and encephalopathy development remains unknown. Determining the characteristics of amenamevir-induced encephalopathy is essential for potentially improving patient outcomes in the treatment of herpes zoster. The aim of this study is to identify the association between amenamevir treatment and encephalopathy and to determine the risk factors for amenamevir-induced encephalopathy via disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.
Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study using anonymized data from the JADER database. Encephalopathy was defined according to the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Queries specific to "Noninfectious encephalopathy/delirium." Disproportionality analysis was used to calculate the reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to assess associations between amenamevir and encephalopathy. Multivariable logistic regression considered age, gender, chronic kidney disease, and cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor use as potential risk factors.
Results: Out of 713,316 patients, 246 were prescribed amenamevir. The median onset of encephalopathy in these patients was 3 days. Disproportionality of encephalopathy was observed in patients treated with amenamevir (ROR, 3.44; 95 % CI, 2.48-4.78). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that an age of ≥70 years was associated with amenamevir-induced encephalopathy (ROR, 7.63; 95 % CI, 2.25-25.9).
Conclusion: These results suggest that amenamevir treatment may be associated with encephalopathy, particularly in patients aged ≥70 years. Healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk, especially in elderly patients, to prevent severe central nervous system complications.
{"title":"Disproportionality analysis of amenamevir-induced encephalopathy using the Japanese adverse drug event report database.","authors":"Tomoyuki Yamada, Taku Ogawa, Tomoko Tanaka, Yusuke Kusaka, Masami Nishihara, Akira Ashida","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anti-herpesvirus drug-induced encephalopathy can complicate herpes zoster treatment; however, the association between the recently developed anti-herpesvirus drug amenamevir and encephalopathy development remains unknown. Determining the characteristics of amenamevir-induced encephalopathy is essential for potentially improving patient outcomes in the treatment of herpes zoster. The aim of this study is to identify the association between amenamevir treatment and encephalopathy and to determine the risk factors for amenamevir-induced encephalopathy via disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study using anonymized data from the JADER database. Encephalopathy was defined according to the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Queries specific to \"Noninfectious encephalopathy/delirium.\" Disproportionality analysis was used to calculate the reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to assess associations between amenamevir and encephalopathy. Multivariable logistic regression considered age, gender, chronic kidney disease, and cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor use as potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 713,316 patients, 246 were prescribed amenamevir. The median onset of encephalopathy in these patients was 3 days. Disproportionality of encephalopathy was observed in patients treated with amenamevir (ROR, 3.44; 95 % CI, 2.48-4.78). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that an age of ≥70 years was associated with amenamevir-induced encephalopathy (ROR, 7.63; 95 % CI, 2.25-25.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that amenamevir treatment may be associated with encephalopathy, particularly in patients aged ≥70 years. Healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk, especially in elderly patients, to prevent severe central nervous system complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case report explores the utility of monitoring automated rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test results in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a patient undergoing treatment for neurosyphilis. Syphilis treatment is based on the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and syphilis treponema antibody levels, and in the case of RPR-positive syphilis, a 1/4 reduction in the RPR value by the manual card test is considered curative. However, it should be noted that when RPR is followed by the manual card test, there may seem to be no reduction when the automated method shows a steady reduction. In the present case, initially under surveillance for an unrelated condition, was found to have symptoms; imaging and serological findings suggestive of syphilis infection including syphilitic aortitis and neurosyphilis. After two weeks of high-dose intravenous Penicillin G, the patient was treated with oral amoxicillin as an indicator of RPR titers in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by automated latex agglutination. RPR in serum automated latex agglutination decreased to 1/4 at 14 weeks and treatment was terminated, with a subsequent downward trend. The RPR using the manual card test was 1/2 at 14 weeks. If only the manual card method was used, the patient might require a longer treatment. In conclusion, the automated latex agglutination method for monitoring the treatment response may be useful, especially in patients with high RPR titers.
{"title":"Evaluation of an automated rapid plasma reagin test of serum and cerebrospinal fluid for monitoring neurosyphilis treatment: A case report","authors":"Yudai Tanaka, Miho Mitsui, Nanae Asahi, Hiromichi Iwasaki, Ippei Sakamaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"This case report explores the utility of monitoring automated rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test results in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a patient undergoing treatment for neurosyphilis. Syphilis treatment is based on the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and syphilis treponema antibody levels, and in the case of RPR-positive syphilis, a 1/4 reduction in the RPR value by the manual card test is considered curative. However, it should be noted that when RPR is followed by the manual card test, there may seem to be no reduction when the automated method shows a steady reduction. In the present case, initially under surveillance for an unrelated condition, was found to have symptoms; imaging and serological findings suggestive of syphilis infection including syphilitic aortitis and neurosyphilis. After two weeks of high-dose intravenous Penicillin G, the patient was treated with oral amoxicillin as an indicator of RPR titers in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by automated latex agglutination. RPR in serum automated latex agglutination decreased to 1/4 at 14 weeks and treatment was terminated, with a subsequent downward trend. The RPR using the manual card test was 1/2 at 14 weeks. If only the manual card method was used, the patient might require a longer treatment. In conclusion, the automated latex agglutination method for monitoring the treatment response may be useful, especially in patients with high RPR titers.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDCo-infection with other pathogens can alter the severity and clinical outcomes of viral infections. However, the information regarding viral co-infections in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is still limited.METHODSThis is a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using the data from the COVID-19 Registry Japan. The pediatric (<18 years), laboratory confirmed, hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Omicron variant of concern predominant period (January 2022 to January 2024) were included. Co-infection was investigated by multiplex PCR. We compared clinical characteristics, symptoms, severity, and outcomes between children with and without co-infection.RESULTSAmong 245 hospitalized pediatric COVID-19 patients, 78 (31.8 %) had co-infections. The patient backgrounds of the "co-infection" and "SARS-CoV-2 alone" groups were similar, although age distribution was different, with a lower number of patients over 12 years in the co-infection group (n = 2, 2.6 % vs. n = 29, 17.4 %; P < 0.001). Among the patients with co-infection, the most common pathogen was enterovirus/rhinovirus (51.3 %), followed by parainfluenza virus (23.1 %) and adenovirus (12.8 %). Patients with co-infection more commonly had respiratory symptoms, including SpO2 < 96 %, shortness of breath, runny nose, and wheezing. Requirement of non-invasive oxygen support was higher in the co-infection group (n = 27, 34.6 % vs. n = 28, 16.8 %, P = 0.006). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, co-infection and presence of any comorbidity were identified as significant risk factors for necessity of oxygen therapy (odds ratio [95 % confidence interval] 2.44 [1.29-4.63] and 3.99 [2.07-7.82], respectively).CONCLUSIONSViral co-infection may increase the risk of respiratory distress in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Comparison of clinical characteristics and severity of COVID-19 with or without viral co-infection in hospitalized children.","authors":"Kensuke Shoji,Yusuke Asai,Shinya Tsuzuki,Nobuaki Matsunaga,Setsuko Suzuki,Noriko Iwamoto,Takanori Funaki,Isao Miyairi,Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDCo-infection with other pathogens can alter the severity and clinical outcomes of viral infections. However, the information regarding viral co-infections in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is still limited.METHODSThis is a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using the data from the COVID-19 Registry Japan. The pediatric (<18 years), laboratory confirmed, hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Omicron variant of concern predominant period (January 2022 to January 2024) were included. Co-infection was investigated by multiplex PCR. We compared clinical characteristics, symptoms, severity, and outcomes between children with and without co-infection.RESULTSAmong 245 hospitalized pediatric COVID-19 patients, 78 (31.8 %) had co-infections. The patient backgrounds of the \"co-infection\" and \"SARS-CoV-2 alone\" groups were similar, although age distribution was different, with a lower number of patients over 12 years in the co-infection group (n = 2, 2.6 % vs. n = 29, 17.4 %; P < 0.001). Among the patients with co-infection, the most common pathogen was enterovirus/rhinovirus (51.3 %), followed by parainfluenza virus (23.1 %) and adenovirus (12.8 %). Patients with co-infection more commonly had respiratory symptoms, including SpO2 < 96 %, shortness of breath, runny nose, and wheezing. Requirement of non-invasive oxygen support was higher in the co-infection group (n = 27, 34.6 % vs. n = 28, 16.8 %, P = 0.006). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, co-infection and presence of any comorbidity were identified as significant risk factors for necessity of oxygen therapy (odds ratio [95 % confidence interval] 2.44 [1.29-4.63] and 3.99 [2.07-7.82], respectively).CONCLUSIONSViral co-infection may increase the risk of respiratory distress in pediatric COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted within a family, but an interspousal transmission in elderly cases is rare and the change of viral quasispecies during the event is unclear. We experienced two acute hepatitis B males (AH1 and AH2, 67 and 71 years old, respectively) whose HBV was transmitted from their wives with chronic HBV infection (CH1 and CH2, 67 and 66 years old, respectively). To clarify the characteristics of HBV quasispecies in such cases, we performed long-read deep sequencing of HBV preS1/preS2/S domain using samples from the 2 couples. HBV full-genome sequences determined with direct sequencing showed that the HBV sequences belonged to subgenotype B1. AH1 was 98.0–99.2 % identical to CH1, and AH2 was 98.5–99.5 % identical to CH2, whereas the identity between AH1 and AH2 was 96.9 %. The long-read deep sequencing of amplicons including preS1/preS2/S domains with PacBio Sequel IIe showed the numbers of nucleotides with >5 % substitution frequencies in AH1, AH2, CH1 and CH2 were 0 (0 %), 4 (0.31 %), 39 (3.06 %) and 28 (2.20 %), respectively, indicating that CH1 and CH2 were more heterogeneous than AH1 and AH2. From a phylogenetic analysis based on the deep sequencing, minor CH1/CH2 clones that were close to AH1/AH2 clones were considered to be substantially distinct from the major populations in CH1/CH2. The major population formed during chronic infection under the immune pressure might not be suitable to establish new infection and this might be one of the reasons why the transmission had not occurred for a long time after marriage.
{"title":"Long-read deep sequencing analysis of hepatitis B virus quasispecies in two elderly cases of interspousal transmission","authors":"Jun Inoue, Takehiro Akahane, Yutaka Miyazaki, Masashi Ninomiya, Akitoshi Sano, Mio Tsuruoka, Kosuke Sato, Masazumi Onuki, Satoko Sawahashi, Keishi Ouchi, Atsushi Masamune","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted within a family, but an interspousal transmission in elderly cases is rare and the change of viral quasispecies during the event is unclear. We experienced two acute hepatitis B males (AH1 and AH2, 67 and 71 years old, respectively) whose HBV was transmitted from their wives with chronic HBV infection (CH1 and CH2, 67 and 66 years old, respectively). To clarify the characteristics of HBV quasispecies in such cases, we performed long-read deep sequencing of HBV preS1/preS2/S domain using samples from the 2 couples. HBV full-genome sequences determined with direct sequencing showed that the HBV sequences belonged to subgenotype B1. AH1 was 98.0–99.2 % identical to CH1, and AH2 was 98.5–99.5 % identical to CH2, whereas the identity between AH1 and AH2 was 96.9 %. The long-read deep sequencing of amplicons including preS1/preS2/S domains with PacBio Sequel IIe showed the numbers of nucleotides with >5 % substitution frequencies in AH1, AH2, CH1 and CH2 were 0 (0 %), 4 (0.31 %), 39 (3.06 %) and 28 (2.20 %), respectively, indicating that CH1 and CH2 were more heterogeneous than AH1 and AH2. From a phylogenetic analysis based on the deep sequencing, minor CH1/CH2 clones that were close to AH1/AH2 clones were considered to be substantially distinct from the major populations in CH1/CH2. The major population formed during chronic infection under the immune pressure might not be suitable to establish new infection and this might be one of the reasons why the transmission had not occurred for a long time after marriage.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDH. pylori infection is a common bacterial infection worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely between different regions and populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in northern Ethiopia.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2020 in four randomly selected health facilities located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. A total of 463 study participants were enrolled, of whom 288 were HIV-positive and 175 were HIV-negative individuals. H. pylori stool antigen tests were performed to detect H. pylori infection. Additionally, CD4+ T cell counts were measured from only a certain number of participants.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among enrolled study participants was 39.7%. Notably, the H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (43.4%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (33.7%); χ2 = 4.27, p = 0.039. Higher H. pylori prevalence was observed in participants with higher CD4+ T cell counts in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Khat chewing habit, education, and monthly income levels were significantly associated with H. pylori infection in HIV-negative individuals, while the association between Body mass index (BMI) and H. pylori infection was observed in HIV-positive patients, but not HIV-negative individuals.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative individuals, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, patient care, and management of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive individuals.
背景幽门螺杆菌感染是全球常见的细菌感染，但不同地区和人群的感染率差异很大。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚北部 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性人群中幽门螺杆菌感染率及相关风险因素。共招募了 463 名研究参与者，其中 288 人为 HIV 阳性者，175 人为 HIV 阴性者。幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原检测用于检测幽门螺杆菌感染。此外，仅对部分参与者的 CD4+ T 细胞计数进行了测量。结果参加研究的参与者中幽门螺杆菌感染的总流行率为 39.7%。值得注意的是，HIV 阳性患者的幽门螺杆菌感染率（43.4%）明显高于 HIV 阴性患者（33.7%）；χ2 = 4.27，P = 0.039。在 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性患者中，CD4+ T 细胞计数较高的参与者幽门螺杆菌感染率较高。咀嚼卡塔叶的习惯、教育程度和月收入水平与 HIV 阴性个体的幽门螺杆菌感染显著相关，而在 HIV 阳性患者中观察到身体质量指数（BMI）与幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性，但在 HIV 阴性个体中未观察到。
{"title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Tesfay Abadi,Takele Teklu,Tadelo Wondmagegn,Meseret Alem,Girmay Desalegn","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDH. pylori infection is a common bacterial infection worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely between different regions and populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in northern Ethiopia.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2020 in four randomly selected health facilities located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. A total of 463 study participants were enrolled, of whom 288 were HIV-positive and 175 were HIV-negative individuals. H. pylori stool antigen tests were performed to detect H. pylori infection. Additionally, CD4+ T cell counts were measured from only a certain number of participants.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among enrolled study participants was 39.7%. Notably, the H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (43.4%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (33.7%); χ2 = 4.27, p = 0.039. Higher H. pylori prevalence was observed in participants with higher CD4+ T cell counts in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Khat chewing habit, education, and monthly income levels were significantly associated with H. pylori infection in HIV-negative individuals, while the association between Body mass index (BMI) and H. pylori infection was observed in HIV-positive patients, but not HIV-negative individuals.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative individuals, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, patient care, and management of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive individuals.","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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