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‘Reversed agenda-setting effects’ in China Case studies of Weibo trending topics and the effects on state-owned media in China 中国的“反向议程设置效应”——以微博热门话题为例及其对中国国有媒体的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.908785
Ying Jiang
Abstract This research looks at the reversed agenda-setting phenomenon of Chinese Weibo, it examines the agenda-setting power of the most popular social media platform in China. It serves as a starting point for discussion and further research, by providing evidence of how some trending topics on Weibo have but others have not impacted on the agenda of state-controlled media China Central Television (CCTV) in China with case studies. It argues that Chinese social media Weibo provides a platform for participation in public affairs and offers a channel for the Chinese public to express their opinions; however, the state still sets its political boundary of what is allowed to be criticized. Therefore, ‘reversed agenda effects’ in Chinese cyberspace are observed as ‘partial reversed agenda effects’, and whether social media such as Weibo is serving as a tool for democracy in China still requires further observation.
摘要本研究着眼于中国微博的反向议程设置现象,考察中国最受欢迎的社交媒体平台的议程设置能力。它作为讨论和进一步研究的起点,通过案例研究提供证据,证明微博上的一些热门话题如何影响国家控制的媒体中国中央电视台(CCTV)的议程。本文认为,中国的社交媒体微博为公众参与公共事务提供了平台,为中国公众表达意见提供了渠道;然而,国家仍然设定了允许批评的政治边界。因此,中国网络空间的“议程逆转效应”被观察为“部分议程逆转效应”,微博等社交媒体是否成为中国民主的工具还有待进一步观察。
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引用次数: 41
News as business: the global financial crisis and Occupy movement in the Wall Street Journal 新闻作为商业:全球金融危机和华尔街日报的占领运动
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.948033
Aziz Douai, T. Wu
Abstract This article examines a leading US business newspaper's coverage of the global financial crisis (GFC) and Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement. The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), the most influential international business newspaper with a global audience, is used as a case study. Although the GFC and OWS are closely related, we found significant differences in the way that they were reported in business news. Specifically, we found divergent frames in the WSJ's coverage: an ‘institutional’ framing of the GFC starkly differs from a ‘hegemonic’ framing of OWS. We relate this framing divergence to (1) the instability and inconsistencies in journalism's ‘occupational ideology’ and (2) the challenges social movements encounter in influencing public discourse.
本文考察了美国一家主要商业报纸对全球金融危机(GFC)和占领华尔街(OWS)运动的报道。《华尔街日报》(WSJ)是最具影响力的国际商业报纸,拥有全球受众。尽管全球金融危机和占领华尔街运动密切相关,但我们发现商业新闻报道它们的方式存在显著差异。具体来说,我们在《华尔街日报》的报道中发现了不同的框架:全球金融危机的“制度性”框架与占领华尔街运动的“霸权性”框架截然不同。我们将这种框架分歧与(1)新闻业“职业意识形态”的不稳定性和不一致性以及(2)社会运动在影响公共话语时遇到的挑战联系起来。
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引用次数: 4
Cyber security in developing countries, a digital divide issue 发展中国家的网络安全,数字鸿沟问题
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.954593
Ellada Gamreklidze
Abstract Based on the case study of the cyber war between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, this paper is a theoretical deliberation in an attempt to illustrate connection between the Digital Divide and cyber security. Through a qualitative study of cyber warfare between the two countries, one on the developed and one on the underdeveloped side of Digital Divide, it shows that disadvantaged states are subject to cyber insecurity. As a result, even though relatively low dependence of their vital systems on online networks supposedly makes them less vulnerable to cyber offensives, disruptions to communication infrastructures cause these states turn dysfunctional. To test the dependence of cyber security on Digital Divide, this paper also reviews other instances of coordinated cyber-attacks between countries, but in these cases, with both parties digitally advanced (Russia vs. Estonia, China vs. USA). These cases show that differences in states' capabilities and available resources allowed them to withstand and relatively quickly repel cyber offensives without outside support and great harm. The general conclusion is that country's position along Digital Divide translates into the level of that country's cyber security, which serves as a litmus test for the level of its cyber power that, in turn, is indicative of the country's strategic political standing among other states.
摘要本文以2008年8月俄罗斯与格鲁吉亚网络战为个案,对数字鸿沟与网络安全之间的关系进行理论探讨。通过对两国网络战争的定性研究,一个是数字鸿沟的发达国家,一个是数字鸿沟的不发达国家,表明处于不利地位的国家受到网络不安全的影响。因此,尽管这些国家的重要系统对在线网络的依赖程度相对较低,理应使它们不那么容易受到网络攻击,但通信基础设施的中断会导致这些国家功能失调。为了测试网络安全对数字鸿沟的依赖性,本文还回顾了国家之间协调网络攻击的其他实例,但在这些情况下,双方都在数字上处于领先地位(俄罗斯对爱沙尼亚,中国对美国)。这些案例表明,各国能力和可用资源的差异使它们能够在没有外界支持和巨大伤害的情况下抵御并相对迅速地击退网络攻击。总的结论是,一个国家在数字鸿沟上的地位转化为该国的网络安全水平,网络安全水平是检验其网络实力水平的试金石,而网络实力水平反过来又表明了该国在其他国家中的战略政治地位。
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引用次数: 11
How mainstream Iranian newspapers portray the West: the influence of anti-Westernism and anti-Americanism 伊朗主流报纸如何描绘西方:反西方主义和反美主义的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.948034
E. Bakhshandeh
Abstract The present paper is about the role of media in creating anti-American and anti-Western sentiments amongst Iranians. It studies how anti-Americanism has evolved in Iran and how, as an ideological representation, has influenced the press portrayal of the West in the country. It also identifies dominant frames in newspaper reporting of the West and indicates how the perception of reality and meaning-construction work in mainstream Iranian newspapers. For this purpose, content analysis and critical discourse analysis are used to analyse sampled news items published during Reformism (1997–2001) and Conservatism (2005–2009) in Iran. The current study also evaluates the impact of political affiliation of newspapers (as the first independent variable) and the political period in which they are published (as the second independent variable) on the representation of the West (as the dependent variable) in Iran. The findings of the present study are yet another contribution to study the West within the context of Occidentalism.
摘要:本论文是关于媒体在伊朗人中制造反美和反西方情绪的作用。它研究了反美主义在伊朗是如何演变的,以及作为一种意识形态的表现,它是如何影响伊朗媒体对西方的描绘的。它还确定了西方报纸报道中的主导框架,并指出了伊朗主流报纸对现实和意义建构的看法是如何运作的。为此,本文采用内容分析和批评话语分析来分析伊朗改革派(1997-2001)和保守主义(2005-2009)期间发表的抽样新闻。目前的研究还评估了报纸的政治派别(作为第一个自变量)和它们出版的政治时期(作为第二个自变量)对西方在伊朗的代表性(作为因变量)的影响。本研究的发现是在西方主义背景下研究西方的又一贡献。
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引用次数: 3
Apres Le Deluge: social media in learning and teaching 大洪水之后:社交媒体在学习和教学中的应用
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.926283
C. Lumby, Nicole Anderson, S. Hugman
Abstract The increased visibility of social media in educational settings prompts discussion on the transformation it has on student communication, interaction and learning, but this is only one set of pedagogical dynamics needing consideration. Our roles as educators and how we respond to the deeper challenges to traditional pedagogy offered by a user-driven and convergent media environment also require attention. Whilst there is no doubt that social media renders the space between the social and the learning and teaching space fluid, integrating social media into pedagogical practice raises a series of questions about engaged students, knowledge production and the relationships between educators and students. Contributing to the growing body of research around social media and its role in the classroom, this article engages with existing literature in the field whilst drawing upon research conducted at Macquarie University. This research explored live social media practices in student learning and assessment, examining the challenges and opportunities in social media-based learning and teaching strategies. We contend, cautiously, that social media opens up new possibilities for engaging students in their own active learning. The extent to which it is able to do so, however, is dependent on how lecturers introduce new tools to their students and what pedagogical work they see these tools as enhancing.
社交媒体在教育环境中日益增加的知名度引发了关于它对学生交流、互动和学习的转变的讨论,但这只是需要考虑的一组教学动态。我们作为教育者的角色,以及我们如何应对由用户驱动和融合的媒体环境对传统教学法提出的更深层次的挑战,也需要关注。毫无疑问,社交媒体使社交空间与学习和教学空间之间的空间变得流动,但将社交媒体融入教学实践会引发一系列关于学生参与、知识生产以及教育者与学生之间关系的问题。为了促进围绕社交媒体及其在课堂上的作用的研究,本文结合了该领域的现有文献,同时借鉴了麦考瑞大学进行的研究。本研究探讨了社交媒体在学生学习和评估中的实践,考察了基于社交媒体的学习和教学策略的挑战和机遇。我们谨慎地认为,社交媒体为学生主动学习开辟了新的可能性。然而,它能在多大程度上做到这一点,取决于讲师如何向学生介绍新工具,以及他们认为这些工具能增强哪些教学工作。
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引用次数: 10
African pride and vexation in World Cup development sportswriting 世界杯发展中非洲人的骄傲与烦恼
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-06-20 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.926282
Richard J. Peltz-Steele
Abstract The first men's football World Cup in Africa, in 2010, provided an opportunity for development sportswriting. As mediator of sport for the people, mass media are well positioned to capitalize upon the development potential of football. This research analyzed development-related World Cup coverage to better understand African perceptions of identity and the role of African media in improving the quality of human life. Using a news database, this research compiled and analyzed stories published in Africa, outside South Africa, during the World Cup. Stories were tested for a World Cup peg and possible development angle and flagged for representations of national or pan-African identity. The research led to three conclusions. First, the World Cup did provide a vehicle for development sportswriting. Second, World Cup development sportswriting fortified national and pan-African identity by representing expressions of pride. Third, World Cup development sportswriting provided a vehicle to demand political accountability and to express vexation at impediments to African development. The research provides an informative context and springboard for further inquiry into the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
2010年在非洲举办的首届男足世界杯为体育写作的发展提供了契机。大众传媒作为大众体育的媒介,在足球运动的发展潜力中占有有利地位。这项研究分析了与发展相关的世界杯报道,以更好地了解非洲人对身份的看法,以及非洲媒体在提高人类生活质量方面的作用。这项研究利用一个新闻数据库,汇编并分析了世界杯期间在南非以外的非洲发表的新闻。这些故事都是为了与世界杯挂钩和可能的发展角度进行测试,并被标记为代表国家或泛非身份。这项研究得出了三个结论。首先,世界杯确实为体育写作的发展提供了一个平台。第二,世界杯发展体育写作通过表达自豪感来强化国家和泛非认同。第三,世界杯发展体育写作提供了一个要求政治问责和表达对非洲发展障碍的不满的工具。这项研究为进一步研究2014年巴西世界杯提供了一个翔实的背景和跳板。
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引用次数: 0
Memories of Japanese militarism: The Yasukuni Shrine as a commemorative site 日本军国主义的记忆:作为纪念场所的靖国神社
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2013.869239
Ako Inuzuka, T. Fuchs
Abstract The annual official visits of Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine, a Shinto commemorative site, have led to considerable controversy throughout Asia. While there are those within Japan who insist that it is a politician's duty to pay tribute to the past, many others view the shrine as a symbol of militarism, a reminder of Japan's colonial past and the visits as an act of provocation to those who suffered under Japan's rule. The fact that, among the worshiped, are the spiritual essences of 14 War Criminals has frequently served as a public lightning rod in this conflict. In our study of the Yasukuni Shrine and the associated Yûshûkan war museum, we explore the memories of the Asia-Pacific War supported by this shrine. In our analysis, problematic, nationalistic arguments emerge. In summary, the Yasukuni Shrine and the Yûshûkan are constructing and promoting memories of the Asia-Pacific War as a war of self-defense. Indirectly the shrine, therefore, promotes attitudes of militarism as well as a historical world view distinctly at odds with that of Japan's neighbors. By examining the war memories connected to the Yasukuni, we also bring to attention the rise of nationalism and militarism in contemporary Japan.
日本政界人士每年对靖国神社的正式参拜,在整个亚洲引发了相当大的争议。虽然日本国内有人坚持认为,向过去致敬是政治家的责任,但也有许多人认为,靖国神社是军国主义的象征,是对日本殖民历史的提醒,参拜靖国神社是对那些在日本统治下遭受苦难的人的挑衅。在被崇拜的人中,有14名战犯的精神精华,这一事实在这场冲突中经常成为公众的避雷针。在我们对靖国神社和相关的y神社战争博物馆的研究中,我们探索了由靖国神社支持的亚太战争的记忆。在我们的分析中,出现了有问题的民族主义论点。综上所述,靖国神社和y神社是在构建和宣扬亚太战争是一场自卫战的记忆。因此,靖国神社间接地促进了军国主义的态度,以及与日本邻国明显相左的历史世界观。通过审视与靖国神社有关的战争记忆,我们也关注了当代日本民族主义和军国主义的兴起。
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引用次数: 4
Cultural congruence or difference: A paired country investigation of leadership effectiveness in public relations 文化一致性或差异:公共关系中领导效能的配对国家调查
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2013.876438
Juan Meng
Abstract The study investigated the interplay between cultural perceptions and leadership effectiveness in public relations and communication management. A group of senior public relations executives (n = 20) in two paired cultural contexts, London and Singapore, were interviewed. Results revealed their understanding of effective leadership skills in public relations practice in their unique cultural context. Participants mentioned diverse leadership attributes and qualities expected in excellent public relations leaders. At the cultural congruence level, participants indicated that the effectiveness of leadership is not solely based on national, regional or ethnic cultures; more often, it is heavily influenced by the institutional context and organizational culture. Practical implications and future research directions are also discussed.
摘要本研究旨在探讨公共关系与沟通管理中文化认知与领导效能之间的相互作用。一组来自伦敦和新加坡两个文化背景的高级公关主管(n = 20)接受了采访。结果揭示了他们在独特的文化背景下对公共关系实践中有效领导技能的理解。与会者提到优秀的公关领导者应具备的领导特质和素质。在文化一致性层面,参与者表示,领导的有效性并不仅仅基于国家、地区或民族文化;更常见的是,它受到体制背景和组织文化的严重影响。讨论了本文的实际意义和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 3
Politics, propaganda and film form: Battleship Potemkin (1925) and Triumph of the Will (1935) 政治、宣传和电影形式:《波将金号战舰》(1925)和《意志的胜利》(1935)
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2013.879070
W. Rizvi
Abstract The study compares the German film Triumph of the Will (1935) with the Russian film Battleship Potemkin (1925) to evaluate the use of film form as a propaganda tool by two authoritarian regimes of the Second World between the two World Wars. The films play with specific fragments of truth through the national media and use the lyrical everyday imagery to give a realistic form to the world presented. They use strategies of appeal rooted in bias and states' will to propaganda and control of social memory and collective perception. Potemkin is clearly agitational, Triumph of the Will constructs and supports the national will and energy for being agitational through its surface character of tranquillity. Like with Potemkin, precise cinematic techniques, editing in particular is the most important aspect of Triumph of the Will. The dialectic in both the films alternates between dynamic shots and their reaction shots to look at human history and experience through repetitive thesis and antithesis pattern creating an overwhelming impact of the spectacles.
摘要本研究比较了德国电影《意志的胜利》(1935)和俄罗斯电影《波将金战舰》(1925),以评价两次世界大战期间两个专制政权使用电影形式作为宣传工具的情况。这些电影通过国家媒介对特定的真相片段进行游戏,用抒情的日常意象赋予所呈现的世界一种现实的形式。他们使用根植于偏见和国家意志的诉求策略来宣传和控制社会记忆和集体感知。《波坦金》显然是激动人心的,《意志的胜利》通过平静的表面特征构建并支持了国家意志和激动人心的能量。就像《波将金》一样,精确的电影技术,尤其是剪辑是《意志的胜利》最重要的方面。两部影片的辩证法在动态镜头和反应镜头之间交替进行,通过重复的正题和反题模式来审视人类的历史和经验,创造出一种压倒性的视觉冲击力。
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引用次数: 0
En‘vision’ing Europe's crisis: Intertextuality in news coverage of the Eurozone crisis in Chinese, Indian and Russian press 透视欧洲危机:中国、印度和俄罗斯媒体报道欧元区危机的互文性
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13216597.2014.896268
N. Chaban, J. Bain, S. Kelly
Abstract European political communication studies are marked by a lack of attention to the visual. Yet there is a need to go beyond strictly textual analyses towards an understanding that visual images also play an important role in constructing a European Union (EU) identity both within and outside the Union's borders. This analysis explores the relationship between visual and textual imagery of the EU in international news discourses; a comprehensive intertextual approach which remains an under-researched perspective in studies of visual imagery in general. The study focuses on the intertextual imagery of the EU and its economic crisis in three ‘emerging’ powers; China, India and Russia. The three states are among the main poles in a multi-polar world – an emerging order characterized by power shifts and increased interdependence. In this new global design, the ‘emerging’ powers compete with the EU and USA, and contemplate their own responses to the EU's economic crisis, as well as calculate its effects. This study explores those responses as presented in the leading business papers of each country and asks how the relationship between the visual and textual imagery of the EU contributes to raising visibility and creating cognitive and emotional responses to its on-going crisis.
摘要欧洲政治传播学研究的特点是缺乏对视觉的关注。然而,有必要超越严格的文本分析,理解视觉图像在欧盟境内外构建欧盟(EU)身份方面也发挥着重要作用。本文探讨了欧盟在国际新闻话语中的视觉意象与文本意象之间的关系;一个全面的互文方法,这仍然是一个研究不足的视角,在一般的视觉意象的研究。本研究聚焦于欧盟及其经济危机在三个“新兴”大国中的互文意象;中国,印度和俄罗斯。这三个国家处于多极世界的主要两极之中,多极世界是一种以权力转移和相互依存加深为特征的新兴秩序。在这个新的全球设计中,“新兴”大国与欧盟和美国竞争,并考虑自己对欧盟经济危机的反应,以及计算其影响。本研究探讨了在每个国家的主要商业论文中提出的这些回应,并询问了欧盟的视觉和文本图像之间的关系如何有助于提高可见度,并创造对其持续危机的认知和情感反应。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Journal of International Communication
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