Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-09-20DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000231
Shohaib Virani, Austin Akers, Kristen Stephenson, Steven Smith, Lindsey Kennedy, Gianfranco Alpini, Heather Francis
Cholestatic liver injury is characterized by damage induced on the biliary tree and cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tree, thus they are termed "cholangiopathies". Cholangiopathies include diseases such as Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Biliary Atresia and Cholangiocarcinoma. These pathologies lack viable therapies and most patients are diagnosed during late stage disease progression (with the exception of Biliary Atresia, which is found shortly after birth). The lack of therapies for these diseases has put a significant burden on the need for liver transplantation as this is the only indicative "cure" for cholangiopathies. The molecular mechanisms for cholangiopathies have been extensively studied; however, and unfortunately, the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutics remains. In this review article we highlight the latest studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating cholangiopathies and the potential therapeutics that might be discovered.
{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms during Cholestatic Liver Injury and Cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Shohaib Virani, Austin Akers, Kristen Stephenson, Steven Smith, Lindsey Kennedy, Gianfranco Alpini, Heather Francis","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000231","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholestatic liver injury is characterized by damage induced on the biliary tree and cholangiocytes, the cells lining the biliary tree, thus they are termed \"cholangiopathies\". Cholangiopathies include diseases such as Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Biliary Atresia and Cholangiocarcinoma. These pathologies lack viable therapies and most patients are diagnosed during late stage disease progression (with the exception of Biliary Atresia, which is found shortly after birth). The lack of therapies for these diseases has put a significant burden on the need for liver transplantation as this is the only indicative \"cure\" for cholangiopathies. The molecular mechanisms for cholangiopathies have been extensively studied; however, and unfortunately, the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutics remains. In this review article we highlight the latest studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating cholangiopathies and the potential therapeutics that might be discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6319937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9764766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000230
T. Shizuma
{"title":"Hepatic Anisakiasis in Japan","authors":"T. Shizuma","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77370548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000226
T. Shizuma
Objective: Although patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have a high risk of developing bacterial and fungal infections, few studies have evaluated spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP) or fungiascites in this population. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective comparative study of spontaneous peritonitis associated with fungal (SFP and fungiascites) or bacterial culture-positive ascites [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and bacterascites] in patients with LC.Methods: This study enrolled 73 patients with LC and ascitic culture-positive spontaneous peritonitis, including four, three, 35, and 31 patients with SFP, fungiascites, culture-positive SBP, and bacterascites, respectively. We compared the laboratory findings, Child–Pugh scores, and 1-month mortality rates between patients with fungal disease, i.e., spontaneous peritonitis associated with fungal culture-positive ascites (SFP and fungiascites), and those with bacterial disease, i.e., spontaneous peritonitis associated with bacterial culture-positive ascites (culturepositive SBP and bacterascites).Results: We observed no significant differences in the severity of underlying liver dysfunction and renal impairment between patients with fungal and bacterial disease. However, the 1-month mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with fungal disease than in those with bacterial disease (71.4%, 5/7 vs. 25.8%, 17/66; p= 0.038).Conclusion: In our retrospective study population, spontaneous peritonitis caused by fungi (SFP and fungiascites) was associated with a significantly higher short-term mortality rate compared with that of spontaneous peritonitis caused by bacteria (culture-positive SBP and bacterascites). Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and determine the effects of antifungal therapy on mortality.
目的:尽管肝硬化(LC)患者发生细菌和真菌感染的风险很高，但很少有研究评估该人群的自发性真菌性腹膜炎(SFP)或真菌腹水。因此，我们对LC患者自发性腹膜炎合并真菌(SFP和真菌腹水)或细菌培养阳性腹水[自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)和细菌腹水]进行了回顾性比较研究。方法:本研究纳入73例LC和腹水培养阳性的自发性腹膜炎患者，其中SFP、真菌腹水、培养阳性SBP和细菌腹水分别为4例、3例、35例和31例。我们比较了真菌性疾病(即自发性腹膜炎合并真菌培养阳性腹水(SFP和真菌腹水))和细菌性疾病(即自发性腹膜炎合并细菌培养阳性腹水(SBP和细菌腹水培养阳性))患者的实验室检查结果、Child-Pugh评分和1个月死亡率。结果:我们观察到真菌和细菌性疾病患者潜在的肝功能障碍和肾功能损害的严重程度没有显著差异。然而，真菌病患者的1个月死亡率明显高于细菌性疾病患者(71.4%，5/7 vs. 25.8%， 17/66;p = 0.038)。结论:在我们的回顾性研究人群中，与细菌(培养阳性的SBP和细菌腹水)引起的自发性腹膜炎相比，真菌(SFP和真菌腹水)引起的自发性腹膜炎的短期死亡率明显更高。需要进一步的研究来调查潜在的机制并确定抗真菌治疗对死亡率的影响。
{"title":"Retrospective Comparative Study of Spontaneous Peritonitis Associated with Fungal and Bacterial Infection in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"T. Shizuma","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have a high risk of developing bacterial and fungal infections, few studies have evaluated spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP) or fungiascites in this population. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective comparative study of spontaneous peritonitis associated with fungal (SFP and fungiascites) or bacterial culture-positive ascites [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and bacterascites] in patients with LC.Methods: This study enrolled 73 patients with LC and ascitic culture-positive spontaneous peritonitis, including four, three, 35, and 31 patients with SFP, fungiascites, culture-positive SBP, and bacterascites, respectively. We compared the laboratory findings, Child–Pugh scores, and 1-month mortality rates between patients with fungal disease, i.e., spontaneous peritonitis associated with fungal culture-positive ascites (SFP and fungiascites), and those with bacterial disease, i.e., spontaneous peritonitis associated with bacterial culture-positive ascites (culturepositive SBP and bacterascites).Results: We observed no significant differences in the severity of underlying liver dysfunction and renal impairment between patients with fungal and bacterial disease. However, the 1-month mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with fungal disease than in those with bacterial disease (71.4%, 5/7 vs. 25.8%, 17/66; p= 0.038).Conclusion: In our retrospective study population, spontaneous peritonitis caused by fungi (SFP and fungiascites) was associated with a significantly higher short-term mortality rate compared with that of spontaneous peritonitis caused by bacteria (culture-positive SBP and bacterascites). Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and determine the effects of antifungal therapy on mortality.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000228
D. Mutua, E. Njagi, G. Orinda
Changes in liver function tests (LFTs) are normal during pregnancy. However, severe liver disease, although rare, can occur and must be recognized at an early stage to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is important to differentiate between normal physiological changes and disease pathology. This review highlights the important LFT changes that take place during normal pregnancy.
{"title":"Liver Function Tests in Normal Pregnant Women","authors":"D. Mutua, E. Njagi, G. Orinda","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in liver function tests (LFTs) are normal during pregnancy. However, severe liver disease, although rare, can occur and must be recognized at an early stage to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is important to differentiate between normal physiological changes and disease pathology. This review highlights the important LFT changes that take place during normal pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83705977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000224
K. Razak, Surbhi Gupta, Meena Gl
Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study is to determine the degree of radio-pathological correlation of HCC according to our experience at our institution. Methods: Radiological parameters: All patients underwent a dynamic imaging study by CT and/or MRI, including at least one image acquisition in the arterial phase and another in the portal phase. Pathological parameters: The 63 patients presented histological confirmation of HCC, obtained by means of a biopsy with a thick needle of 18 G or in a surgical specimen. In all of them, the histological grade of the tumor was assessed according to the WHO classification, which distinguishes 4 grades: well differentiated (BD), moderately differentiated (MD), poorly differentiated (PD) and undifferentiated. These last two were grouped into a single group. Conclusion: Characteristics of HCC helps in the estimation of the histological grade: arterial phase enhancement, washing, heterogeneity of the lesions, regularity of the contours and the presence of fat deposits and intratumoral vessels.
{"title":"Radiological Patterns of Hepatocellular Cancers Vis-Ã-Vis Histopathological Differentiation: A Radiological Appraisal","authors":"K. Razak, Surbhi Gupta, Meena Gl","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study is to determine the degree of radio-pathological correlation of HCC according to our experience at our institution. Methods: Radiological parameters: All patients underwent a dynamic imaging study by CT and/or MRI, including at least one image acquisition in the arterial phase and another in the portal phase. Pathological parameters: The 63 patients presented histological confirmation of HCC, obtained by means of a biopsy with a thick needle of 18 G or in a surgical specimen. In all of them, the histological grade of the tumor was assessed according to the WHO classification, which distinguishes 4 grades: well differentiated (BD), moderately differentiated (MD), poorly differentiated (PD) and undifferentiated. These last two were grouped into a single group. Conclusion: Characteristics of HCC helps in the estimation of the histological grade: arterial phase enhancement, washing, heterogeneity of the lesions, regularity of the contours and the presence of fat deposits and intratumoral vessels.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78699762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000233
Ezzat El Niwehy, A. Hany, A. F. Mohamed, E. Moubarak, Esraa Ayed, M. Mousa, Merna Abd Elatif, Omar Mohamed, Reham H Mohamed, Reham Farid, S. Soliman, Hussien A. Amer
Introduction: patients with chronic liver disease are suffering from fatigue, loss of self-esteem, inability to function at work, anxiety, depression, and other emotional problems that profoundly decrease their quality of life and well-being. Objectives: To assess the quality of life of hepatitis C patients receiving Sovaldi drug. To determine most common short-term side effects of Sovaldi containing regimen medication. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Viral Hepatitis Treatment Center Ismailia fever Hospital. Study population was Hepatitis c virus patients treated with regimen containing sovaldi (sovaldi+ribavirin for 12 weeks). Simple random sampling was used to select the subjects included in the study Using sample size ready-made tables, 74 patients were selected to participate in this study where an interviewing questionnaire used to collect the data by 36 RAND questionnaire. Results: About 49% of the patients noticed change in their mode to the worst, and 5% felt depressed to the extent of suicide and about 61% of the patients were having difficulty with sleeping and concentrating. About half of the patients (50%) were having poor role-emotional. the most common short-term side effect were Headache which was the highest (53%) while others as(joint pain-decreasing sexual function-decreasing appetite) followed it. 35.2% were having excellent social functioning during the period of treatment of sovaldi, whereas (about 56.8%) ranging from poor to fair social functioning. Conclusion: the study was carried on 74 patients and the results were controversial as regarding their lifestyle affection, some people got better and others got worse especially those experienced recurrence of the disease. We recommend larger studies with large sample size to detect effectively the life style changes with medication.
{"title":"Assessment of Quality of Life of Hepatitis C Patients Treated By Sovaldi Drug in Viral Hepatitis Treatment Center in Ismailia Fever Hospital, Egypt","authors":"Ezzat El Niwehy, A. Hany, A. F. Mohamed, E. Moubarak, Esraa Ayed, M. Mousa, Merna Abd Elatif, Omar Mohamed, Reham H Mohamed, Reham Farid, S. Soliman, Hussien A. Amer","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: patients with chronic liver disease are suffering from fatigue, loss of self-esteem, inability to function at work, anxiety, depression, and other emotional problems that profoundly decrease their quality of life and well-being. Objectives: To assess the quality of life of hepatitis C patients receiving Sovaldi drug. To determine most common short-term side effects of Sovaldi containing regimen medication. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Viral Hepatitis Treatment Center Ismailia fever Hospital. Study population was Hepatitis c virus patients treated with regimen containing sovaldi (sovaldi+ribavirin for 12 weeks). Simple random sampling was used to select the subjects included in the study Using sample size ready-made tables, 74 patients were selected to participate in this study where an interviewing questionnaire used to collect the data by 36 RAND questionnaire. Results: About 49% of the patients noticed change in their mode to the worst, and 5% felt depressed to the extent of suicide and about 61% of the patients were having difficulty with sleeping and concentrating. About half of the patients (50%) were having poor role-emotional. the most common short-term side effect were Headache which was the highest (53%) while others as(joint pain-decreasing sexual function-decreasing appetite) followed it. 35.2% were having excellent social functioning during the period of treatment of sovaldi, whereas (about 56.8%) ranging from poor to fair social functioning. Conclusion: the study was carried on 74 patients and the results were controversial as regarding their lifestyle affection, some people got better and others got worse especially those experienced recurrence of the disease. We recommend larger studies with large sample size to detect effectively the life style changes with medication.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83950354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000232
M. Mucenic, A. Brandão, C. Marroni, Alfeu M. Fleck-Junior, M. L. Zanotelli, G. Cantisani
Objective: Long-term persistence of ascites after orthotopic liver transplant can impact significantly on postoperative morbidity. Previous studies disclosed varied results in regard to prevalence, risk factors, ascitic fluid analysis and prognosis. The objective of the present study was to ascertain prevalence and risk factors in order to have a better understanding of this complication. Methods: All orthotopic liver transplantations performed for three consecutive years were considered for inclusion. The outcome was defined as ascites that was evident on clinical examination and/or required the use of diuretics for more than 90 days after surgery. Results: The main indications for transplant were decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ascites persisted in 19 (13.67%) out of 139 cases. Predictive factors were portosystemic encephalopathy, portal vein thrombosis, splenomegaly, creatinine level and volume of ascites drained during surgery. On multiple regression analysis, only the amount of ascites drained during transplantation (5.05 L × 1.58 L; p<0.008) and creatinine levels less than 12 hours before transplantation (2.39 mg/dL × 1.22 mg/dL; p=0.018) remained significantly related to ascites persistence. All biochemical analysis revealed increased serum-ascites albumin gradient. Death in the first year was similar in patients with or without ascites persistence (5.6 × 4.3%) Conclusion: This study evaluated multiple potential risk factors that could contribute to long-term persistence of ascites after liver transplantation. Loss of renal function and greater volume of ascites were significantly related to persistent ascites, which was a transudate with increased serum-ascites albumin gradient. Persistent ascites was not associated with increased mortality.
目的:原位肝移植术后腹水长期存在对术后发病率有显著影响。以往的研究揭示了关于患病率、危险因素、腹水分析和预后的不同结果。本研究的目的是确定患病率和危险因素，以便更好地了解这种并发症。方法:纳入所有连续3年的原位肝移植。结果定义为临床检查明显的腹水和/或术后需要使用利尿剂超过90天。结果:失代偿性肝硬化和肝癌是肝移植的主要适应症。139例腹水持续19例(13.67%)。预测因素为门系统脑病、门静脉血栓形成、脾肿大、肌酐水平和术中排出的腹水量。在多元回归分析中，只有移植过程中排出的腹水量(5.05 L × 1.58 L;p<0.008)，移植前12小时肌酐水平(2.39 mg/dL × 1.22 mg/dL;P =0.018)仍与腹水持续存在显著相关。所有生化分析均显示血清-腹水白蛋白梯度升高。结论:本研究评估了可能导致肝移植术后腹水长期存在的多种潜在危险因素。肾功能丧失和腹水体积增大与持续性腹水显著相关，这是一种血清-腹水白蛋白梯度升高的漏出现象。持续腹水与死亡率增加无关。
{"title":"Persistent Ascites after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Predictive Factors","authors":"M. Mucenic, A. Brandão, C. Marroni, Alfeu M. Fleck-Junior, M. L. Zanotelli, G. Cantisani","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Long-term persistence of ascites after orthotopic liver transplant can impact significantly on postoperative morbidity. Previous studies disclosed varied results in regard to prevalence, risk factors, ascitic fluid analysis and prognosis. The objective of the present study was to ascertain prevalence and risk factors in order to have a better understanding of this complication. Methods: All orthotopic liver transplantations performed for three consecutive years were considered for inclusion. The outcome was defined as ascites that was evident on clinical examination and/or required the use of diuretics for more than 90 days after surgery. Results: The main indications for transplant were decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ascites persisted in 19 (13.67%) out of 139 cases. Predictive factors were portosystemic encephalopathy, portal vein thrombosis, splenomegaly, creatinine level and volume of ascites drained during surgery. On multiple regression analysis, only the amount of ascites drained during transplantation (5.05 L × 1.58 L; p<0.008) and creatinine levels less than 12 hours before transplantation (2.39 mg/dL × 1.22 mg/dL; p=0.018) remained significantly related to ascites persistence. All biochemical analysis revealed increased serum-ascites albumin gradient. Death in the first year was similar in patients with or without ascites persistence (5.6 × 4.3%) Conclusion: This study evaluated multiple potential risk factors that could contribute to long-term persistence of ascites after liver transplantation. Loss of renal function and greater volume of ascites were significantly related to persistent ascites, which was a transudate with increased serum-ascites albumin gradient. Persistent ascites was not associated with increased mortality.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89069174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000234
Qi Cao, Su Xu, Shujing Li, Minjie Chen, Xicui Sun, Yamin Wan, Liya Pi, Zhekang Ying, Bin Ren
Background: In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to semi-quantify hepatic lipids in preclinical and clinical studies of fatty liver disease. Quantifying absolute amount of liver lipids utilizing 1H MRS and computerized tomography (CT) is essential to accurately interpret hepatic steatosis.
Purpose: To establish reliable parameters to convert relative hepatic lipid levels obtained by 1H-MRS and liver volumes by CT to the absolute amount of liver lipids in a mild hepatic steatosis, and to determinate the correlation between these absolute liver lipids with liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) measured by biochemistry assays.
Methods: Mild steatosis was induced in mice by a 3 week ethanol diet containing standard lipids. Evaporated liver water was measured after baking liver tissues and volume of liver was measured using water displacement. 1H MRS semiquantitation of hepatic lipids and CT measurement of liver volume were performed and then used to calculate amount of liver lipids. These data were compared with liver TG and Chol.
Results: Percentage of liver water and liver density were persistent in two groups and were used to convert the percentage of liver lipids to liver water by 1H-MRS to the absolute amount of liver lipids per gram of liver or per milliliter of CT volume. Using 1H-MRS and biochemical assays, an increase of liver lipids was confirmed in mild steatosis mice compared to controls (P<0.01). The amounts of imaging detected liver lipids were strongly correlated to liver TG and Chol measured by biochemical assays in mild steatosis mice.
Conclusion: 1H MRS and CT liver imaging techniques are able to quantify absolute hepatic lipid levels utilizing relative persistent parameters percentage of liver water and liver density in a preclinical mild steatosis setting.
{"title":"Quantification of Hepatic Lipid Using 7.0T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Computed Tomography in Mild Alcoholic Steatotic Mice.","authors":"Qi Cao, Su Xu, Shujing Li, Minjie Chen, Xicui Sun, Yamin Wan, Liya Pi, Zhekang Ying, Bin Ren","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000234","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H MRS) has been used to semi-quantify hepatic lipids in preclinical and clinical studies of fatty liver disease. Quantifying absolute amount of liver lipids utilizing <sup>1</sup>H MRS and computerized tomography (CT) is essential to accurately interpret hepatic steatosis.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To establish reliable parameters to convert relative hepatic lipid levels obtained by 1H-MRS and liver volumes by CT to the absolute amount of liver lipids in a mild hepatic steatosis, and to determinate the correlation between these absolute liver lipids with liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) measured by biochemistry assays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mild steatosis was induced in mice by a 3 week ethanol diet containing standard lipids. Evaporated liver water was measured after baking liver tissues and volume of liver was measured using water displacement. 1H MRS semiquantitation of hepatic lipids and CT measurement of liver volume were performed and then used to calculate amount of liver lipids. These data were compared with liver TG and Chol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentage of liver water and liver density were persistent in two groups and were used to convert the percentage of liver lipids to liver water by 1H-MRS to the absolute amount of liver lipids per gram of liver or per milliliter of CT volume. Using 1H-MRS and biochemical assays, an increase of liver lipids was confirmed in mild steatosis mice compared to controls (P<0.01). The amounts of imaging detected liver lipids were strongly correlated to liver TG and Chol measured by biochemical assays in mild steatosis mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>1H MRS and CT liver imaging techniques are able to quantify absolute hepatic lipid levels utilizing relative persistent parameters percentage of liver water and liver density in a preclinical mild steatosis setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6428077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37248233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000221
M. Novello, Aless, R. Zullo, L. Niccoli, Michele Ruggiero, Raffaele Gr, M. Cannistra', M. FrancescoVito, arino, L. Puviani, G. Cavallari, B. Nardo
Introduction: Post-operative liver failure (PLF) occurs in approximately 10% of patients undergoing major hepatectomy. Partial portal vein arterialization (PPVA) enhances the regenerative capacity of the resected liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age on survival after PPVA for the treatment of post-operative liver failure in a rat model. Materials and Methods: 24 rats underwent extended liver resection, that leaded to PLF. 12 rats were divided in 2 groups treated with PPVA: group 1a-young rats (n=6, age 2 months) and group 2a-old rats (n=6, age 30 months). Two control groups of rats of the same age were not treated with PPVA: group 1b-young and group 2b-old. Results: on postoperative day 7, no significant differences were observed among all groups in terms of ALT levels, prothrombin activity and serum creatinine. As for the liver regeneration markers, the level of mitotic index was greater in the groups treated with PPVA compared to the control groups (without significant differences between young and old groups). The 75% (9/12) of the rats treated with PPVA survived up to 7 days, with no significant differences between young (5/6) and elderly rats 66.7% (4/6). Conclusion: PPVA treatment had the same beneficial effect both in young and old rats.
{"title":"Impact of Age on Survival after Partial Portal Vein Arterialization for the Treatment of Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure in a Rat Model","authors":"M. Novello, Aless, R. Zullo, L. Niccoli, Michele Ruggiero, Raffaele Gr, M. Cannistra', M. FrancescoVito, arino, L. Puviani, G. Cavallari, B. Nardo","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Post-operative liver failure (PLF) occurs in approximately 10% of patients undergoing major hepatectomy. Partial portal vein arterialization (PPVA) enhances the regenerative capacity of the resected liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age on survival after PPVA for the treatment of post-operative liver failure in a rat model. \u0000Materials and Methods: 24 rats underwent extended liver resection, that leaded to PLF. 12 rats were divided in 2 groups treated with PPVA: group 1a-young rats (n=6, age 2 months) and group 2a-old rats (n=6, age 30 months). Two control groups of rats of the same age were not treated with PPVA: group 1b-young and group 2b-old. \u0000Results: on postoperative day 7, no significant differences were observed among all groups in terms of ALT levels, prothrombin activity and serum creatinine. As for the liver regeneration markers, the level of mitotic index was greater in the groups treated with PPVA compared to the control groups (without significant differences between young and old groups). The 75% (9/12) of the rats treated with PPVA survived up to 7 days, with no significant differences between young (5/6) and elderly rats 66.7% (4/6). \u0000Conclusion: PPVA treatment had the same beneficial effect both in young and old rats.","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73517747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000223
X. Hao, C. Jiajia
Primary Hepatic Carcinoma refers to malignant liver tumors. Hepatocellular Carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of primary hepatic carcinomawith its incidence rate ranking the sixth in global tumor incidence and mortality rate ranking the third in tumor-related death in the world. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for early primary hepatic carcinoma. It includes liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy, laparoscopic hepatectomy, etc. based on Milan criteria, University of California criteria and Hang Zhou criteria. But how the operation is done relies on tumor-evaluation in different stages before the surgery. Medical Imaging is the way to evaluate malignancy degree but is usually 2D. Even though the high-end CT and MR can reconstruct 3D image, clinicians are still provided with 2D image. Therefore, in order to diagnose diseases, surgeons have to reconstruct 2D image into 3D image in their mind according to their experience and liver anatomical structure, causing possible uncertainty and errors in the treatment [1]. It is more so in the following cases: complicated hepatectomy, which requires to resect a larger part of liver tissue, may give rise to postoperative hepatic disorder or even hepatic failure; special surgery site makes it hard to expose the anatomical position and may cause intraoperative bleeding because it is close to major vessels; hepatic blood supply disorder (hepatic congestion, hepatic ischemia) increases difficulty and risk in surgery. All of the above require clinicians to make sufficient preoperative plans, careful intraoperative anatomy and proper postoperative management [2].
{"title":"The Function and Application of 3D Visualization in the Treatment of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma","authors":"X. Hao, C. Jiajia","doi":"10.4172/2167-0889.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0889.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Primary Hepatic Carcinoma refers to malignant liver tumors. Hepatocellular Carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of primary hepatic carcinomawith its incidence rate ranking the sixth in global tumor incidence and mortality rate ranking the third in tumor-related death in the world. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for early primary hepatic carcinoma. It includes liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy, laparoscopic hepatectomy, etc. based on Milan criteria, University of California criteria and Hang Zhou criteria. But how the operation is done relies on tumor-evaluation in different stages before the surgery. Medical Imaging is the way to evaluate malignancy degree but is usually 2D. Even though the high-end CT and MR can reconstruct 3D image, clinicians are still provided with 2D image. Therefore, in order to diagnose diseases, surgeons have to reconstruct 2D image into 3D image in their mind according to their experience and liver anatomical structure, causing possible uncertainty and errors in the treatment [1]. It is more so in the following cases: complicated hepatectomy, which requires to resect a larger part of liver tissue, may give rise to postoperative hepatic disorder or even hepatic failure; special surgery site makes it hard to expose the anatomical position and may cause intraoperative bleeding because it is close to major vessels; hepatic blood supply disorder (hepatic congestion, hepatic ischemia) increases difficulty and risk in surgery. All of the above require clinicians to make sufficient preoperative plans, careful intraoperative anatomy and proper postoperative management [2].","PeriodicalId":16145,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver","volume":"357 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76923544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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