Abstract Introduction Asymptomatic microcytosis may be a prelude to microcytic hypochromic anemia of varied causes. Evaluation of red cell indices may help delineate cases needing further investigation like hemoglobin high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb-HPLC). In addition, markers of iron homeostasis will help confirm iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE)/iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Materials and Methods This was a single institutional hospital-based study over a period of 18 months. The sample size was 60, which include all age groups, males and females, and values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL, Hb ≥ 10g/dL were taken as the inclusion criteria. Various derived red cell indices, Hb-HPLC, and iron parameters were assessed. Hb-HPLC and serum ferritin with transferrin saturation (TSAT) values were taken as the gold standard for diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies/thalassemia trait and IDA/IDE, respectively. Results Out of 60 samples, 24 (40%) and 36 (60%) had abnormal and normal proportion of Hb variants, respectively. In total, seven indices were evaluated, which included Mentzer's index, red cell distribution width index, Ehsani's index, Sirdah's formula, Matos–Carvalho index, Shine and Lal index, and Sehgal's index. The Shine and Lal index showed better sensitivity (89%) and specificity (73%) for diagnosing pure thalassemia trait. The Sirdah index showed better sensitivity (78%) and specificity (42%) in diagnosing IDE/IDA. Ferritin showed better sensitivity (74%) and specificity (84%) in diagnosing pure IDA and TSAT showed better results in diagnosing IDA/IDE. Conclusion The Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index can be used as screening tools and help detect subjects who require appropriate follow-up with confirmation by Hb-HPLC. Serum ferritin remains the gold standard for diagnosis of IDA.
{"title":"Utility of Red Blood Cell Parameters and Indices of Iron Homeostasis in Evaluation of Microcytosis without Anemia or with Mild Anemia: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study","authors":"Paruvathavarthini Thambiraj, N. Nanda, R. Kar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774293","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Asymptomatic microcytosis may be a prelude to microcytic hypochromic anemia of varied causes. Evaluation of red cell indices may help delineate cases needing further investigation like hemoglobin high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb-HPLC). In addition, markers of iron homeostasis will help confirm iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE)/iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Materials and Methods This was a single institutional hospital-based study over a period of 18 months. The sample size was 60, which include all age groups, males and females, and values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL, Hb ≥ 10g/dL were taken as the inclusion criteria. Various derived red cell indices, Hb-HPLC, and iron parameters were assessed. Hb-HPLC and serum ferritin with transferrin saturation (TSAT) values were taken as the gold standard for diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies/thalassemia trait and IDA/IDE, respectively. Results Out of 60 samples, 24 (40%) and 36 (60%) had abnormal and normal proportion of Hb variants, respectively. In total, seven indices were evaluated, which included Mentzer's index, red cell distribution width index, Ehsani's index, Sirdah's formula, Matos–Carvalho index, Shine and Lal index, and Sehgal's index. The Shine and Lal index showed better sensitivity (89%) and specificity (73%) for diagnosing pure thalassemia trait. The Sirdah index showed better sensitivity (78%) and specificity (42%) in diagnosing IDE/IDA. Ferritin showed better sensitivity (74%) and specificity (84%) in diagnosing pure IDA and TSAT showed better results in diagnosing IDA/IDE. Conclusion The Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index can be used as screening tools and help detect subjects who require appropriate follow-up with confirmation by Hb-HPLC. Serum ferritin remains the gold standard for diagnosis of IDA.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49223266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poonam Sharma, Sarath Krishnan M P, Amit Gupta, Sweety Gupta, R. Saxena, A. Mirza, B. Goyal
Abstract Objectives Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are proinflammatory cytokines that play a major role in tumorigenesis. These biomarkers are relatively unexplored in gallbladder cancer (GBC) for their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Material and Methods A total of 40 healthy controls and 40 GBC patients were recruited. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured, and their diagnostic utility was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The relationship between clinicopathological variables and serum tumor markers (CEA, CA125, and CA19-9) in identifying GBC patients was also assessed. Results Serum IL-6 and TNF-α expression were significantly higher in the GBC group (for both IL-6 and TNF-α, p = 0.0001) than in healthy controls. ROC analysis revealed that the areas under the curve for serum IL-6 and TNF-α were 0.89 and 0.71, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for serum IL-6 were 82.5 and 97.5%, respectively, at an optimal cutoff value of 10.34 pg/mL; for TNF-α, they were 40.0 and 100%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 0.24 pg/mL. There was also a significant difference in serum IL-6 levels between the resectable and nonresectable GBC groups. Serum IL-6 showed a positive correlation with CA125 ( r = 0.34, p < 0.05), while no correlation was observed between serum TNF-α and serum tumor markers (CEA, CA125, and CA19-9). Conclusion Serum IL-6 may serve as a diagnostic marker and a predictor of resectability, and it can be used in conjunction with other serum tumor markers in GBC.
{"title":"Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gallbladder Cancer: A Pilot Study","authors":"Poonam Sharma, Sarath Krishnan M P, Amit Gupta, Sweety Gupta, R. Saxena, A. Mirza, B. Goyal","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1772772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772772","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are proinflammatory cytokines that play a major role in tumorigenesis. These biomarkers are relatively unexplored in gallbladder cancer (GBC) for their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Material and Methods A total of 40 healthy controls and 40 GBC patients were recruited. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured, and their diagnostic utility was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The relationship between clinicopathological variables and serum tumor markers (CEA, CA125, and CA19-9) in identifying GBC patients was also assessed. Results Serum IL-6 and TNF-α expression were significantly higher in the GBC group (for both IL-6 and TNF-α, p = 0.0001) than in healthy controls. ROC analysis revealed that the areas under the curve for serum IL-6 and TNF-α were 0.89 and 0.71, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for serum IL-6 were 82.5 and 97.5%, respectively, at an optimal cutoff value of 10.34 pg/mL; for TNF-α, they were 40.0 and 100%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 0.24 pg/mL. There was also a significant difference in serum IL-6 levels between the resectable and nonresectable GBC groups. Serum IL-6 showed a positive correlation with CA125 ( r = 0.34, p < 0.05), while no correlation was observed between serum TNF-α and serum tumor markers (CEA, CA125, and CA19-9). Conclusion Serum IL-6 may serve as a diagnostic marker and a predictor of resectability, and it can be used in conjunction with other serum tumor markers in GBC.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has displayed remarkable mutation abilities, resulting in distinct variants. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron are major World Health Organization (WHO)-identified variants of concern. The Omicron variant and its sub-lineages dominated globally in 2022. A novel strain, EG.5.1 (Eris), originating from Omicron's XBB sub-lineage, has recently sparked a significant COVID-19 surge across continents. Detected since June 2023, EG.5.1 is linked to increased cases in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. Factors like waning immunity, overcrowding, and poor air quality contributed to its rise. This variant is likely to prevail over other circulating variants and become dominant in UK by September 2023. Surveillance of its global epidemiology and implementing preventive measures have become imperative in light of the current situation.
{"title":"Unveiling the Eris Subvariant: The Next Challenge in the COVID-19 Pandemic?","authors":"A. Kali","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has displayed remarkable mutation abilities, resulting in distinct variants. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron are major World Health Organization (WHO)-identified variants of concern. The Omicron variant and its sub-lineages dominated globally in 2022. A novel strain, EG.5.1 (Eris), originating from Omicron's XBB sub-lineage, has recently sparked a significant COVID-19 surge across continents. Detected since June 2023, EG.5.1 is linked to increased cases in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. Factors like waning immunity, overcrowding, and poor air quality contributed to its rise. This variant is likely to prevail over other circulating variants and become dominant in UK by September 2023. Surveillance of its global epidemiology and implementing preventive measures have become imperative in light of the current situation.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02eCollection Date: 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771389
Sarman Singh
{"title":"Maiden Impact Factor to <i>Journal of Laboratory Physicians</i> : An Encouragement for Editors and Authors.","authors":"Sarman Singh","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771389","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1771389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":"15 3","pages":"327-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/c1/10-1055-s-0043-1771389.PMC10411174.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanmugapriya Seshatri, J. Charan, V. Tak, V. Nag, S. Varthya, S. Ambwani
Abstract Purpose Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly virulent bacteria in modern health care, with a high ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Carbapenemases production appears to be the most common mechanism involved in drug resistance to carbapenem. As the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was high in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, this study was designed to find the frequency of oxacillinases ( OXA ) genes including OXA-23 , OXA-24 , OXA-51 , and OXA-58 . Materials and Methods A clinical specimen was collected from patients admitted to the adult ICU. DNA was isolated from carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and amplified using conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and gel electrophoresis for visualization of results. Results The frequency of the OXA-23 gene was high with 87.5%, followed by OXA-51 gene with 73.2%. All 56 isolates were negative for the OXA-24 and OXA-58 genes. We also found that both OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes coexisted in 40 (71.4%) isolates. No significant difference was found between drug-resistant genes ( OXA-23 and OXA-51 ) and clinical outcomes. The relationship between the presence of OXA gene was compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, which was found out to be nonsignificant. The presence of OXA genes showed no significant increase in the length of hospital stay. The significant association between acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV scores and clinical outcome was calculated, and it was evident in the comparison of the discharged and died groups. Conclusion Early detection of these drug-resistant genes by molecular methods is essential in decreasing the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii .
{"title":"Frequency of OXA-Type Carbapenemases among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Clinical Isolates from Adult Intensive Care Unit in India","authors":"Shanmugapriya Seshatri, J. Charan, V. Tak, V. Nag, S. Varthya, S. Ambwani","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771243","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly virulent bacteria in modern health care, with a high ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Carbapenemases production appears to be the most common mechanism involved in drug resistance to carbapenem. As the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was high in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, this study was designed to find the frequency of oxacillinases ( OXA ) genes including OXA-23 , OXA-24 , OXA-51 , and OXA-58 . Materials and Methods A clinical specimen was collected from patients admitted to the adult ICU. DNA was isolated from carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and amplified using conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and gel electrophoresis for visualization of results. Results The frequency of the OXA-23 gene was high with 87.5%, followed by OXA-51 gene with 73.2%. All 56 isolates were negative for the OXA-24 and OXA-58 genes. We also found that both OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes coexisted in 40 (71.4%) isolates. No significant difference was found between drug-resistant genes ( OXA-23 and OXA-51 ) and clinical outcomes. The relationship between the presence of OXA gene was compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, which was found out to be nonsignificant. The presence of OXA genes showed no significant increase in the length of hospital stay. The significant association between acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV scores and clinical outcome was calculated, and it was evident in the comparison of the discharged and died groups. Conclusion Early detection of these drug-resistant genes by molecular methods is essential in decreasing the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii .","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashutosh Mishra, Anurag Singh, M. Kumar, M. Sagar, Malti Kumari, S. Qayoom, Vijay Kumar
Abstract Objectives Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in malignant epithelial neoplasms has been the subject of numerous studies; however, less data on its application to sarcomas are available. This research focused on the expression of PD-L1 and how it correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in soft tissue sarcomas. Materials and Methods The anti-PD-L1 antibody and Ki-67 were stained in 50 cases of sarcoma that had been confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The tumor cell percentage with complete or incomplete membrane staining was calculated. Sarcomas were categorized as positive (>1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining) or negative (≤1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining). The data were analyzed using statistical package for Social Sciences version 21.0. Results The soft tissue sarcomas showing marked pleomorphic morphology were significantly linked to positive PD-L1 expression than other subtypes of sarcomas ( p = 0.042). Proliferation index grade III accounts for 62.5% of cases with positive PD-L1 expression, followed by proliferation index grade II with 25% cases and grade I with 12.5% cases. On comparing statistically, this difference was found to be significant ( p = 0.013). A significant association was found between PD-L1 expression and the poor outcome of follow-up ( p = 0.024). Conclusion Our study showed a significant relationship between malignant soft tissue tumor positivity for PD-L1 and pleomorphic morphology, a higher proliferation index grade, and a poorer prognosis.
{"title":"Expression of PD-L1 in Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm and Their Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters","authors":"Ashutosh Mishra, Anurag Singh, M. Kumar, M. Sagar, Malti Kumari, S. Qayoom, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in malignant epithelial neoplasms has been the subject of numerous studies; however, less data on its application to sarcomas are available. This research focused on the expression of PD-L1 and how it correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in soft tissue sarcomas. Materials and Methods The anti-PD-L1 antibody and Ki-67 were stained in 50 cases of sarcoma that had been confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The tumor cell percentage with complete or incomplete membrane staining was calculated. Sarcomas were categorized as positive (>1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining) or negative (≤1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining). The data were analyzed using statistical package for Social Sciences version 21.0. Results The soft tissue sarcomas showing marked pleomorphic morphology were significantly linked to positive PD-L1 expression than other subtypes of sarcomas ( p = 0.042). Proliferation index grade III accounts for 62.5% of cases with positive PD-L1 expression, followed by proliferation index grade II with 25% cases and grade I with 12.5% cases. On comparing statistically, this difference was found to be significant ( p = 0.013). A significant association was found between PD-L1 expression and the poor outcome of follow-up ( p = 0.024). Conclusion Our study showed a significant relationship between malignant soft tissue tumor positivity for PD-L1 and pleomorphic morphology, a higher proliferation index grade, and a poorer prognosis.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
shown greater genetic diversity among clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and BimA Bm were signi fi cantlyassociated with sepsis and mortality
假马利氏伯克氏菌的临床分离株具有更大的遗传多样性，而BimA - Bm与败血症和死亡率显著相关
{"title":"Correlation of Variable Virulence Genes with Variable Clinical Presentations of Burkholderia pseudomallei : A Way Forward","authors":"P. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1772741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772741","url":null,"abstract":"shown greater genetic diversity among clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and BimA Bm were signi fi cantlyassociated with sepsis and mortality","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47376203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A 14-year-old boy presented with left preauricular painless swelling of 10 months' duration. Local examination revealed a 3 × 2-cm, firm, nodular, nonmobile mass in the left preauricular area, just in front of tragus. Fine needle aspiration yielded paucicellular smears comprising singly scattered histiocyte/myofibroblast-like spindle cells and occasional giant cells. It was reported as benign mesenchymal lesion on cytology. Left superficial parotidectomy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis (NF). It was an ill-circumscribed cellular neoplasm, abutting and focally infiltrating into otherwise normal parotid gland. The tumor comprised spindle cells arranged in short bundles and storiform pattern with interspersed osteoclast-like giant cells, foam cells, extravasated red blood cells (RBCs), and focal areas of keloidal collagenization. The cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for CD34, beta-catenin, S100, and pan-cytokeratin. Final diagnosis of NF was rendered. NF can rarely involve the parotid gland or present as parotid enlargement and pose diagnostic challenge, especially on cytology. However, in appropriate clinical context, subtle cytomorphological clues such as presence of myofibroblasts and fibrocollagenous stromal fragments can help in ruling out the commonly occurring salivary gland neoplasms and offering a definitive cytodiagnosis of NF which will be helpful in deciding the further course of management.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Nodular Fasciitis Presenting as a Parotid Tumor: Clues to Cytodiagnosis","authors":"S. Palo, C. Gargade","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771242","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 14-year-old boy presented with left preauricular painless swelling of 10 months' duration. Local examination revealed a 3 × 2-cm, firm, nodular, nonmobile mass in the left preauricular area, just in front of tragus. Fine needle aspiration yielded paucicellular smears comprising singly scattered histiocyte/myofibroblast-like spindle cells and occasional giant cells. It was reported as benign mesenchymal lesion on cytology. Left superficial parotidectomy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis (NF). It was an ill-circumscribed cellular neoplasm, abutting and focally infiltrating into otherwise normal parotid gland. The tumor comprised spindle cells arranged in short bundles and storiform pattern with interspersed osteoclast-like giant cells, foam cells, extravasated red blood cells (RBCs), and focal areas of keloidal collagenization. The cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for CD34, beta-catenin, S100, and pan-cytokeratin. Final diagnosis of NF was rendered. NF can rarely involve the parotid gland or present as parotid enlargement and pose diagnostic challenge, especially on cytology. However, in appropriate clinical context, subtle cytomorphological clues such as presence of myofibroblasts and fibrocollagenous stromal fragments can help in ruling out the commonly occurring salivary gland neoplasms and offering a definitive cytodiagnosis of NF which will be helpful in deciding the further course of management.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives To evaluate agreement in the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance by test method using azithromycin disk with reference method using erythromycin disk and to determine prevalence of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Materials and Methods A total of 133 nonduplicate isolates of S. aureus from clinical samples were included in this prospective study. Agreement between erythromycin (reference method) and azithromycin (test method) disks for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus isolates was assessed. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical variables ( p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was 15.8%. A 100% agreement was recorded between reference and test methods for detecting inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes. For the determination of constitutive-resistant phenotypes (cMLSB) among S. aureus isolates, the test method demonstrated an agreement of 94.1%. Conclusion The present study demonstrated an agreement in the identification of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among S. aureus isolates by both erythromycin and azithromycin disks.
{"title":"Agreement between Azithromycin and Erythromycin to Determine Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Phenotypes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates","authors":"N. Goyal, N. Singh","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives To evaluate agreement in the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance by test method using azithromycin disk with reference method using erythromycin disk and to determine prevalence of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Materials and Methods A total of 133 nonduplicate isolates of S. aureus from clinical samples were included in this prospective study. Agreement between erythromycin (reference method) and azithromycin (test method) disks for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus isolates was assessed. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical variables ( p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was 15.8%. A 100% agreement was recorded between reference and test methods for detecting inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes. For the determination of constitutive-resistant phenotypes (cMLSB) among S. aureus isolates, the test method demonstrated an agreement of 94.1%. Conclusion The present study demonstrated an agreement in the identification of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among S. aureus isolates by both erythromycin and azithromycin disks.","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Govinda Nanjaiah Laxmana Raju, Parineetha P Bhat, Siddavaram Nagini
Objective The current study was undertaken to investigate the utility of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), its isoform [-2] proPSA (p2PSA), and prostate health index (PHI) in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods This study was conducted from March 2016 to May 2019. Eighty-five subjects who were diagnosed with PCa for the first time, following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, were included in the study. The prebiopsy blood samples were analyzed in Beckman Coulter Access-2 Immunoanalyzer for tPSA, p2PSA, and free PSA (fPSA), and the calculated parameters included %p2PSA, %fPSA, and PHI. Mann-Whitney's U test was used as test of significance, and p -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the 85 participants, 81.2% ( n = 69) had evidence of metastasis, both clinically and pathologically. The median tPSA (ng/mL), p2PSA (pg/mL), %p2PSA, and PHI were significantly higher in the group with evidence of metastasis (46.5 vs. 13.76; 198.0 vs. 35.72; 3.25 vs. 1.51; 237.58 vs. 59.74, respectively). The sensitivity (%), specificity (%), negative predictive value (%), and positive predictive value (%) to diagnose metastatic PCa of tPSA at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL, PHI at a cutoff of 55, and %p2PSA at a cutoff of 1.66 were 92.7, 98.5, and 94.2; 37.5, 43.7, and 62.5; 54.5, 87.5, and 71.4; and 86.4, 88.3, and 91.5, respectively. Conclusion Using tests such as %p2PSA and PHI in the standard armamentarium for the diagnosis of metastatic PCa in addition to PSA will help in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, including active surveillance.
目的探讨前列腺总特异性抗原(tPSA)及其异构体[-2]prosa (p2PSA)和前列腺健康指数(PHI)在转移性前列腺癌(PCa)诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法本研究于2016年3月至2019年5月进行。85例经直肠超声引导前列腺活检后首次诊断为前列腺癌的患者被纳入研究。活检前血液样本在Beckman Coulter Access-2免疫分析仪上分析tPSA、p2PSA和游离PSA (fPSA)，计算参数包括%p2PSA、%fPSA和PHI。采用Mann-Whitney’s U检验作为显著性检验，p值小于0.05认为具有统计学意义。结果在85名参与者中，81.2% (n = 69)有临床和病理转移的证据。有转移证据的组中位tPSA (ng/mL)、p2PSA (pg/mL)、%p2PSA和PHI显著升高(46.5 vs 13.76;198.0 vs. 35.72;3.25 vs. 1.51;237.58 vs. 59.74)。tPSA在20 ng/mL临界值、PHI在55临界值、%p2PSA在1.66临界值时诊断转移性前列腺癌的敏感性(%)、特异性(%)、阴性预测值(%)和阳性预测值(%)分别为92.7、98.5和94.2;37.5、43.7和62.5;54.5, 87.5, 71.4;分别是86.4、88.3和91.5。结论除PSA外，在标准仪器中使用%p2PSA和PHI等检测来诊断转移性前列腺癌有助于选择适当的治疗策略，包括主动监测。
{"title":"Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Isoforms and Prostate Health Index in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Govinda Nanjaiah Laxmana Raju, Parineetha P Bhat, Siddavaram Nagini","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b> The current study was undertaken to investigate the utility of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), its isoform [-2] proPSA (p2PSA), and prostate health index (PHI) in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). <b>Materials and Methods</b> This study was conducted from March 2016 to May 2019. Eighty-five subjects who were diagnosed with PCa for the first time, following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, were included in the study. The prebiopsy blood samples were analyzed in Beckman Coulter Access-2 Immunoanalyzer for tPSA, p2PSA, and free PSA (fPSA), and the calculated parameters included %p2PSA, %fPSA, and PHI. Mann-Whitney's <i>U</i> test was used as test of significance, and <i>p</i> -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results</b> Of the 85 participants, 81.2% ( <i>n</i> = 69) had evidence of metastasis, both clinically and pathologically. The median tPSA (ng/mL), p2PSA (pg/mL), %p2PSA, and PHI were significantly higher in the group with evidence of metastasis (46.5 vs. 13.76; 198.0 vs. 35.72; 3.25 vs. 1.51; 237.58 vs. 59.74, respectively). The sensitivity (%), specificity (%), negative predictive value (%), and positive predictive value (%) to diagnose metastatic PCa of tPSA at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL, PHI at a cutoff of 55, and %p2PSA at a cutoff of 1.66 were 92.7, 98.5, and 94.2; 37.5, 43.7, and 62.5; 54.5, 87.5, and 71.4; and 86.4, 88.3, and 91.5, respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> Using tests such as %p2PSA and PHI in the standard armamentarium for the diagnosis of metastatic PCa in addition to PSA will help in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, including active surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laboratory Physicians","volume":"15 2","pages":"237-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/09/10-1055-s-0042-1757723.PMC10264117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9659450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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