Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121699
Lucca Blois , Ricardo L. Longo , Albano N. Carneiro Neto , Wagner M. Faustino , Renaldo T. Moura Jr. , Maria C.F.C. Felinto , Hermi F. Brito , Oscar L. Malta
A derivation of the equations in the Judd-Ofelt theory for quantifying the intensities of 4f-4f transitions based on the second quantization or occupation number representation is presented. This derivation is more concise and compact, emphasizing some approximations employed and aims at simplifying the comprehension of the theory. It is almost self-contained, with the properties and relationships pertaining to the second quantization approach being introduced, and it requires some basic understanding of quantum mechanics, particularly, of angular momentum techniques (e.g. 3-j symbols and Racah operators). It is expected that this derivation can be followed and comprehended by students, researchers, and enthusiasts, hopefully encouraging new implementations, applications, and developments involving the intensities of 4f-4f transitions.
{"title":"A derivation of Judd-Ofelt theory by second quantization of configuration interaction","authors":"Lucca Blois , Ricardo L. Longo , Albano N. Carneiro Neto , Wagner M. Faustino , Renaldo T. Moura Jr. , Maria C.F.C. Felinto , Hermi F. Brito , Oscar L. Malta","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A derivation of the equations in the Judd-Ofelt theory for quantifying the intensities of 4f-4f transitions based on the second quantization or occupation number representation is presented. This derivation is more concise and compact, emphasizing some approximations employed and aims at simplifying the comprehension of the theory. It is almost self-contained, with the properties and relationships pertaining to the second quantization approach being introduced, and it requires some basic understanding of quantum mechanics, particularly, of angular momentum techniques (e.g. 3-j symbols and Racah operators). It is expected that this derivation can be followed and comprehended by students, researchers, and enthusiasts, hopefully encouraging new implementations, applications, and developments involving the intensities of 4f-4f transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 121699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121698
Zebin Wang , Guyot Yannick , Chong Xu , Jian Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Kheirreddine Lebbou , Jun Xu
Nd:LuxY3-xAl5O12 (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3) crystal fibers doped with 0.2 at.% Nd3+ were successfully grown using the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method. The effects of the Lu3+/Y3+ ratio on the structural, absorption, and emission properties were systematically studied. Absorption spectra show that Nd:LuxY3-xAl5O12 (Nd:LuYAG) crystal fibers combine the high absorption cross section of Nd:YAG and the broad absorption bandwidth of Nd:LuAG. Judd-Ofelt analysis was employed to evaluate the optical transition parameters. Under 808 nm excitation, the fluorescence lifetime of the 4F3/2 level gradually decreased with increasing Lu3+ content. These results indicate that adjusting the Lu3+/Y3+ ratio in Nd:LuYAG crystal fibers allows optimization for high-performance laser applications, presenting a potential alternative to conventional Nd:YAG gain media.
{"title":"Spectroscopic properties of LHPG-grown Nd:LuxY3-xAl5O12 single crystal fibers","authors":"Zebin Wang , Guyot Yannick , Chong Xu , Jian Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Kheirreddine Lebbou , Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nd:Lu<sub>x</sub>Y<sub>3-x</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3) crystal fibers doped with 0.2 at.% Nd<sup>3+</sup> were successfully grown using the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method. The effects of the Lu<sup>3+</sup>/Y<sup>3+</sup> ratio on the structural, absorption, and emission properties were systematically studied. Absorption spectra show that Nd:Lu<sub>x</sub>Y<sub>3-x</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Nd:LuYAG) crystal fibers combine the high absorption cross section of Nd:YAG and the broad absorption bandwidth of Nd:LuAG. Judd-Ofelt analysis was employed to evaluate the optical transition parameters. Under 808 nm excitation, the fluorescence lifetime of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> level gradually decreased with increasing Lu<sup>3+</sup> content. These results indicate that adjusting the Lu<sup>3+</sup>/Y<sup>3+</sup> ratio in Nd:LuYAG crystal fibers allows optimization for high-performance laser applications, presenting a potential alternative to conventional Nd:YAG gain media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121697
Yiqi Yu , Liming Zhang , Liuzhen Feng , Renfu Li , Zhiwen Ao , Jinmin Zhang , Ying Yang , Jinsheng Liao
Cr3+-doped deep-red phosphors are ideal for plant growth lighting, yet achieving high thermal stability in tungstate hosts remains challenging. This study demonstrates that co-doping Al3+ and Cr3+ into the negative thermal expansion (NTE) material Sc2(WO4)3 effectively strengthens the crystal field, leading to an intensified narrow-band deep-red emission from Cr3+. A series of Sc1.6Al0.4W3O12: Cr3+ deep-red phosphors were successfully synthesized via solid-state reaction. The optimized Sc1.6Al0.4W3O12:0.25 %Cr3+ phosphor exhibits 2E → 4A2 emission of Cr3+ at 696 nm under 406 nm excitation, matching the PFR phytochrome absorption. It retains 61.9 % of its room temperature (RT) luminescence intensity at 423 K, demonstrating superior thermal stability over analogues. The fabricated deep-red pc-LED, with its emission peak perfectly aligned with PFR, confirms its potential for plant growth lighting.
{"title":"Synthesis and luminescence properties of deep-red-emitting Sc1.6Al0.4W3O12: Cr3+ phosphor for plant growth lighting","authors":"Yiqi Yu , Liming Zhang , Liuzhen Feng , Renfu Li , Zhiwen Ao , Jinmin Zhang , Ying Yang , Jinsheng Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr<sup>3+</sup>-doped deep-red phosphors are ideal for plant growth lighting, yet achieving high thermal stability in tungstate hosts remains challenging. This study demonstrates that co-doping Al<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> into the negative thermal expansion (NTE) material Sc<sub>2</sub>(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> effectively strengthens the crystal field, leading to an intensified narrow-band deep-red emission from Cr<sup>3+</sup>. A series of Sc<sub>1.6</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>: Cr<sup>3+</sup> deep-red phosphors were successfully synthesized via solid-state reaction. The optimized Sc<sub>1.6</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:0.25 %Cr<sup>3+</sup> phosphor exhibits <sup>2</sup>E → <sup>4</sup>A<sub>2</sub> emission of Cr<sup>3+</sup> at 696 nm under 406 nm excitation, matching the P<sub>FR</sub> phytochrome absorption. It retains 61.9 % of its room temperature (RT) luminescence intensity at 423 K, demonstrating superior thermal stability over analogues. The fabricated deep-red pc-LED, with its emission peak perfectly aligned with P<sub>FR</sub>, confirms its potential for plant growth lighting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121696
Zhenxiang Ye , Xiaoting Chen , Zhen Yan , Xingyu Long , Huihui Cao , Lizhen Zhang , Lehui Liu , Yisheng Huang , Feifei Yuan , Zhoubin Lin , Hengyu Zhao
In this article, a series of DyxGd2-xSrAl2O7 (x = 0.01–0.2) polycrystalline samples were synthesized to determine the optimal Dy3+ concentration for single-crystal growth. Subsequently, a Dy:Gd2SrAl2O7 (Dy:GSAO) single crystal with Dy3+ concentration of 3.43 at.% was successfully grown using the Czochralski method. Its thermal and spectral properties were characterized. The crystal possesses low thermal expansion anisotropy (αc/αa = 1.5) and favorable thermal conductivity (4.7 W/(m·K) along the a-axis, 5.4 W/(m·K) along the c-axis), comparable to that of the YVO4 crystal (5.1 W/(m·K) along the a axis, 5.23 W/(m·K) along the c axis). Optically, the strong and broad absorption peak centered at 453 nm shows excellent spectral overlap with commercial InGaN-based blue laser diodes, enabling efficient pumping. At 453 nm, the absorption cross-sections are 2.31 × 10−21 cm2 with a FWHM of 4.74 nm for the π-polarization, and 1.31 × 10−21 cm2 with a FWHM of 5.28 nm for the σ-polarization. For the yellow emission at 582 nm, the emission cross-section are 1.81 × 10−21 cm2 (σ-polarization) and 1.50 × 10−21 cm2 (π-polarization), with FWHMs of 16.70 nm and 10.14 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4F9/2 level is 198 μs. These results underscore the significant potential of the Dy:GSAO crystal as a gain medium for yellow lasers.
{"title":"Dy3+-doped Gd2SrAl2O7 crystal: A promising yellow laser material","authors":"Zhenxiang Ye , Xiaoting Chen , Zhen Yan , Xingyu Long , Huihui Cao , Lizhen Zhang , Lehui Liu , Yisheng Huang , Feifei Yuan , Zhoubin Lin , Hengyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, a series of Dy<sub>x</sub>Gd<sub>2-x</sub>SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (x = 0.01–0.2) polycrystalline samples were synthesized to determine the optimal Dy<sup>3+</sup> concentration for single-crystal growth. Subsequently, a Dy:Gd<sub>2</sub>SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (Dy:GSAO) single crystal with Dy<sup>3+</sup> concentration of 3.43 at.% was successfully grown using the Czochralski method. Its thermal and spectral properties were characterized. The crystal possesses low thermal expansion anisotropy (α<sub><em>c</em></sub>/α<sub><em>a</em></sub> = 1.5) and favorable thermal conductivity (4.7 W/(m·K) along the a-axis, 5.4 W/(m·K) along the c-axis), comparable to that of the YVO<sub>4</sub> crystal (5.1 W/(m·K) along the a axis, 5.23 W/(m·K) along the c axis). Optically, the strong and broad absorption peak centered at 453 nm shows excellent spectral overlap with commercial InGaN-based blue laser diodes, enabling efficient pumping. At 453 nm, the absorption cross-sections are 2.31 × 10<sup>−21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> with a FWHM of 4.74 nm for the π-polarization, and 1.31 × 10<sup>−21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> with a FWHM of 5.28 nm for the σ-polarization. For the yellow emission at 582 nm, the emission cross-section are 1.81 × 10<sup>−21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> (σ-polarization) and 1.50 × 10<sup>−21</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> (π-polarization), with FWHMs of 16.70 nm and 10.14 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> level is 198 μs. These results underscore the significant potential of the Dy:GSAO crystal as a gain medium for yellow lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121693
Lalnunpuia Khiangte, S. Rai
CdS nanoparticles doped with Ho3+ were synthesized in a silica glass matrix via the in situ sol–gel method, and their structural and optical properties were systematically investigated. Structural characterization including FTIR at 100 °C and 350 °C confirms annealing-induced modification of the silica network. TEM analysis revealed an average particle size of 29.12 nm. The CdS emission band exhibited clear spectral overlap with Ho3+ excitation, suggesting a non-radiative sensitization pathway from CdS to Ho3+ ions. Absorption spectra displayed broad CdS band-edge absorption along with sharp f–f transitions of Ho3+, and the optical bandgap was estimated as 2.9 eV using Tauc analysis. Photoluminescence studies showed both CdS host emission and characteristic Ho3+ transitions, with maximum intensity achieved at 3 mol% Ho3+ doping. CIE chromaticity analysis indicated color purity exceeding 70 % for all samples, peaking at 91.47 % for 2 mol% Ho3+. Annealing studies revealed optimal PL emission at 250 °C, attributed to hydroxyl removal and defect-state formation, while higher annealing temperatures led to ion clustering and reduced defect density. Judd–Ofelt analysis yielded Ω2 = 2.51 × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 = 1.45 × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 = 1.31 × 10−20 cm2, with a spectroscopic quality factor of 1.10. Radiative parameters and optical gain analysis identified the 5F4 → 5I8 transition at 529 nm as the dominant green emission with high branching ratio. These findings highlight the tunable visible luminescence and favourable gain properties of Ho3+ doped CdS nanocomposites, demonstrating their potential for photonic and display applications.
{"title":"Spectroscopic properties and tunable visible emission of Ho3+ doped CdS nanoparticles in silica glass","authors":"Lalnunpuia Khiangte, S. Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CdS nanoparticles doped with Ho<sup>3+</sup> were synthesized in a silica glass matrix via the in situ sol–gel method, and their structural and optical properties were systematically investigated. Structural characterization including FTIR at 100 °C and 350 °C confirms annealing-induced modification of the silica network. TEM analysis revealed an average particle size of 29.12 nm. The CdS emission band exhibited clear spectral overlap with Ho<sup>3+</sup> excitation, suggesting a non-radiative sensitization pathway from CdS to Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions. Absorption spectra displayed broad CdS band-edge absorption along with sharp f–f transitions of Ho<sup>3+</sup>, and the optical bandgap was estimated as 2.9 eV using Tauc analysis. Photoluminescence studies showed both CdS host emission and characteristic Ho<sup>3+</sup> transitions, with maximum intensity achieved at 3 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup> doping. CIE chromaticity analysis indicated color purity exceeding 70 % for all samples, peaking at 91.47 % for 2 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup>. Annealing studies revealed optimal PL emission at 250 °C, attributed to hydroxyl removal and defect-state formation, while higher annealing temperatures led to ion clustering and reduced defect density. Judd–Ofelt analysis yielded Ω<sub>2</sub> = 2.51 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, Ω<sub>4</sub> = 1.45 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, and Ω<sub>6</sub> = 1.31 × 10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, with a spectroscopic quality factor of 1.10. Radiative parameters and optical gain analysis identified the <sup>5</sup>F<sub>4</sub> → <sup>5</sup>I<sub>8</sub> transition at 529 nm as the dominant green emission with high branching ratio. These findings highlight the tunable visible luminescence and favourable gain properties of Ho<sup>3+</sup> doped CdS nanocomposites, demonstrating their potential for photonic and display applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121692
Albert S. Reyna , João L. Passos , Jefferson M.B. Lima , Agabo P. Magalhães , Daniel K. Kumada , Rafael A. de Oliveira , Weliton S. Martins , Luciana R.P. Kassab
We report the development of an optical thermometer based on the infrared-to-visible upconversion luminescence of Er3+–Yb3+ co-doped Bi2O3-GeO2 (BGO) glasses containing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), under 980 nm excitation. The synergistic combination of Yb3+-to-Er3+ energy transfer and the plasmon-induced modification of the local optical environment leads to a strong increase in the green upconversion emission. Temperature-dependent measurements demonstrate that Ag-NPs not only compensate thermal quenching but also enhance the absolute thermometric sensitivity by up to ∼52 %, far surpassing previous reports. In contrast, the relative sensitivity remains constant for all samples, confirming its exclusive dependence on the Boltzmann distribution and ensuring calibration stability. Our results highlight the dual role of Yb3+ co-doping and plasmonic engineering in enabling highly efficient and tunable ratiometric thermometry over the 300–400 K range. Overall, Ag-NPs engineered BGO glasses emerge as versatile and high-performance platforms for remote optical temperature sensing in thermally dynamic environments.
{"title":"Plasmon-assisted upconversion thermometry in Er3+–Yb3+ co-doped Bi2O3-GeO2 glasses containing silver nanoparticles","authors":"Albert S. Reyna , João L. Passos , Jefferson M.B. Lima , Agabo P. Magalhães , Daniel K. Kumada , Rafael A. de Oliveira , Weliton S. Martins , Luciana R.P. Kassab","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the development of an optical thermometer based on the infrared-to-visible upconversion luminescence of Er<sup>3+</sup>–Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-GeO<sub>2</sub> (BGO) glasses containing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), under 980 nm excitation. The synergistic combination of Yb<sup>3+</sup>-to-Er<sup>3+</sup> energy transfer and the plasmon-induced modification of the local optical environment leads to a strong increase in the green upconversion emission. Temperature-dependent measurements demonstrate that Ag-NPs not only compensate thermal quenching but also enhance the absolute thermometric sensitivity by up to ∼52 %, far surpassing previous reports. In contrast, the relative sensitivity remains constant for all samples, confirming its exclusive dependence on the Boltzmann distribution and ensuring calibration stability. Our results highlight the dual role of Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doping and plasmonic engineering in enabling highly efficient and tunable ratiometric thermometry over the 300–400 K range. Overall, Ag-NPs engineered BGO glasses emerge as versatile and high-performance platforms for remote optical temperature sensing in thermally dynamic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121691
Qinghong Meng , Jiaming Yuan , Wanjun Yu , Xiangming Li , Yaping Wang , Zhijun Xu , Ji-Guang Li
To meet the diverse requirements of the near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting-diodes (NIR pc-LEDs) in various fields, high-performance broadband NIR-emitting phosphors are attracting growing interest. A novel garnet-type Gd2CaAl3‒yGaZrO12:yCr3+ (GCAGZ:yCr) NIR phosphor with satisfactory luminescence efficiency and thermal stability was discovered in this work. The typical GCAGZ:0.04Cr phosphor exhibited highly efficient (IQE = 93.3 %, EQE = 20.0 %) broadband NIR emission with peaking at ∼748 nm (full-width at half-maximum ∼102 nm) and excellent thermal stability (88.3 %@423 K) under 450 nm light excitation, owing to the wide band gap of the garnet host, the relatively weak crystal field environment, and the exceedingly weak electron-phonon coupling effect. The NIR pc-LED device constructed by coating this GCAGZ:0.04Cr phosphor on a 450 nm blue LED chip presented outstanding NIR output power (∼44.8 mW) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (19.8 %) under a driving current of 100 mA, showing that this phosphor has huge potential utilized in the construction of NIR pc-LED applied in plant growth lighting, night vision, and non-invasive medical diagnosis.
{"title":"Efficient and thermal stable broadband near-infrared emitting Gd2CaAl3GaZrO12:Cr3+ garnet phosphor: structure, luminescence, and pc-LED application","authors":"Qinghong Meng , Jiaming Yuan , Wanjun Yu , Xiangming Li , Yaping Wang , Zhijun Xu , Ji-Guang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the diverse requirements of the near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting-diodes (NIR pc-LEDs) in various fields, high-performance broadband NIR-emitting phosphors are attracting growing interest. A novel garnet-type Gd<sub>2</sub>CaAl<sub>3‒<em>y</em></sub>GaZrO<sub>12</sub>:<em>y</em>Cr<sup>3+</sup> (GCAGZ:<em>y</em>Cr) NIR phosphor with satisfactory luminescence efficiency and thermal stability was discovered in this work. The typical GCAGZ:0.04Cr phosphor exhibited highly efficient (IQE = 93.3 %, EQE = 20.0 %) broadband NIR emission with peaking at ∼748 nm (full-width at half-maximum ∼102 nm) and excellent thermal stability (88.3 %@423 K) under 450 nm light excitation, owing to the wide band gap of the garnet host, the relatively weak crystal field environment, and the exceedingly weak electron-phonon coupling effect. The NIR pc-LED device constructed by coating this GCAGZ:0.04Cr phosphor on a 450 nm blue LED chip presented outstanding NIR output power (∼44.8 mW) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (19.8 %) under a driving current of 100 mA, showing that this phosphor has huge potential utilized in the construction of NIR pc-LED applied in plant growth lighting, night vision, and non-invasive medical diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121689
Xuejie Yuan , Guobin Cong , Meijing Deng , Sa Zhang , Shuwen Zheng , Pengfei Liu , Yueyu Peng , Zihan Zhao , Han Zhang , Ying Niu , Qianyan Duan , Bin Zhai , Fuli Zhang
Three novel cationic iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(btp)2(pymi)]PF6 (Ir1), [Ir(tfbtp)2(pymi)]PF6 (Ir2), and [Ir(btq)2(pymi)]PF6 (Ir3), featuring benzothiophene-based cyclometalating ligands and a pyridyl-carbene ancillary ligand, were designed and synthesized. By systematically varying the π-conjugation length and electron-withdrawing substituents on the cyclometalating ligands, we achieved precise tuning of the luminescence properties. In acetonitrile solution, Ir1–Ir3 exhibit intense phosphorescence spanning from yellow to deep-red, with emission maxima at 580, 608, and 639 nm, respectively. Combined photophysical studies and quantum chemical calculations reveal that the emissions predominantly originate from ligand-centered triplet states (3LC π–π*) on the cyclometalating ligands. Furthermore, these complexes serve as excellent luminescent probes for live cell imaging, demonstrating efficient cellular uptake and distinct subcellular localization patterns—from cytoplasmic distribution (Ir1) to lysosomal (Ir2) and membrane-associated (Ir3) targeting. This work underscores the significant potential of pyridyl-carbene based Ir(III) complexes as tunable luminophores for both fundamental photophysical studies and advanced bioimaging applications.
{"title":"Cationic iridium complexes with a pyridyl-carbene ancillary ligand: strategic color tuning and application in live cell imaging","authors":"Xuejie Yuan , Guobin Cong , Meijing Deng , Sa Zhang , Shuwen Zheng , Pengfei Liu , Yueyu Peng , Zihan Zhao , Han Zhang , Ying Niu , Qianyan Duan , Bin Zhai , Fuli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three novel cationic iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(btp)<sub>2</sub>(pymi)]PF<sub>6</sub> (<strong>Ir1</strong>), [Ir(tfbtp)<sub>2</sub>(pymi)]PF<sub>6</sub> (<strong>Ir2</strong>), and [Ir(btq)<sub>2</sub>(pymi)]PF<sub>6</sub> (<strong>Ir3</strong>), featuring benzothiophene-based cyclometalating ligands and a pyridyl-carbene ancillary ligand, were designed and synthesized. By systematically varying the π-conjugation length and electron-withdrawing substituents on the cyclometalating ligands, we achieved precise tuning of the luminescence properties. In acetonitrile solution, <strong>Ir1–Ir3</strong> exhibit intense phosphorescence spanning from yellow to deep-red, with emission maxima at 580, 608, and 639 nm, respectively. Combined photophysical studies and quantum chemical calculations reveal that the emissions predominantly originate from ligand-centered triplet states (<sup>3</sup>LC π–π*) on the cyclometalating ligands. Furthermore, these complexes serve as excellent luminescent probes for live cell imaging, demonstrating efficient cellular uptake and distinct subcellular localization patterns—from cytoplasmic distribution (<strong>Ir1</strong>) to lysosomal (<strong>Ir2</strong>) and membrane-associated (<strong>Ir3</strong>) targeting. This work underscores the significant potential of pyridyl-carbene based Ir(III) complexes as tunable luminophores for both fundamental photophysical studies and advanced bioimaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121690
José A. Jiménez , Luiz G. Jacobsohn
Melt-quenched phosphate glasses prepared with fixed Tb3+ content alongside SnO added up to 5.0 mol% were characterized by density and optical absorption measurements, and radioluminescence (RL) evaluated under continuous X-ray excitation including at high temperatures. The densities exhibited some variations which were suggested to be influenced by the Sn4+ concentration leading to more compact phases. The optical absorption spectra were consistent with Tb3+ occurring similarly in the glasses. Comparison of the RL spectra at room temperature showed the most intense emission was obtained for the Tb-doped glass prepared with the highest SnO content supporting a key role from Sn2+ → Tb3+ energy transfer. An enhancement of the peak intensity of 2.5 × was observed, endorsing codoping with Sn2+ as an effective strategy to enhance the scintillator behavior of Tb3+-containing glasses. The temperature dependence of the scintillation spectra showed minimal variations for the tin-free Tb-doped reference, whereas the tin-containing glasses exhibited distinct intensity enhancements with temperature followed by quenching which depended on the SnO content.
{"title":"Scintillation properties of Tb3+ and Sn2+ co-doped phosphate glasses","authors":"José A. Jiménez , Luiz G. Jacobsohn","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melt-quenched phosphate glasses prepared with fixed Tb<sup>3+</sup> content alongside SnO added up to 5.0 mol% were characterized by density and optical absorption measurements, and radioluminescence (RL) evaluated under continuous X-ray excitation including at high temperatures. The densities exhibited some variations which were suggested to be influenced by the Sn<sup>4+</sup> concentration leading to more compact phases. The optical absorption spectra were consistent with Tb<sup>3+</sup> occurring similarly in the glasses. Comparison of the RL spectra at room temperature showed the most intense emission was obtained for the Tb-doped glass prepared with the highest SnO content supporting a key role from Sn<sup>2+</sup> → Tb<sup>3+</sup> energy transfer. An enhancement of the peak intensity of 2.5 × was observed, endorsing codoping with Sn<sup>2+</sup> as an effective strategy to enhance the scintillator behavior of Tb<sup>3+</sup>-containing glasses. The temperature dependence of the scintillation spectra showed minimal variations for the tin-free Tb-doped reference, whereas the tin-containing glasses exhibited distinct intensity enhancements with temperature followed by quenching which depended on the SnO content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121687
Zehua Zhang, Lili Wang, Ruiliang Zuo, Zhenzhen Jiang, Guangyong Jin
Wide band emission has aroused widespread focus in various fields such as display, plant lighting, and solar cells due to its spectral continuity. Here, a series of Sb3+/Mn2+ doped Cs2NaLuCl6 double perovskites with wide blue and red emissions were synthesized through a precipitation method. Enhanced self-trapped exciton (STE) emission and red emission of Mn2+ ion are achieved by doping Sb3+ ion to construct energy transfer channels. The temperature dependent fluorescence spectra exhibit that the emission intensity at 418 K remains 66.4% of that at 298 K in Cs2NaLuCl6: 1% Sb3+, 10% Mn2+ microcrystal. Importantly, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of STE and Mn2+ ion emissions show obvious broadening as the temperature increases, which is attributed to the enhanced electron-phonon interaction. The optical temperature sensing method based on FWHM of STE and Mn2+ emissions is designed, the corresponding maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) values are 0.14% at 298 K and 0.61% at 448 K, respectively. Furthermore, due to the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between STE and Mn2+ ion is highly temperature-dependent, the temperature sensing based on FIR technique is investigated. The maximum Sr values reach 1.31% K−1 at 448 K under 317 nm excitation. The minimum temperature resolution (δT) is calculated as 0.26 K at 448 K. The dual-mode temperature measurement methods based on FWHM and FIR can achieve more accurate remote temperature measurement. These results indicate the microcrystal has potential application in the fields of optical temperature thermometry.
{"title":"Design of dual-mode optical thermometry using Sb3+/Mn2+ codoped Cs2NaLuCl6 double perovskite","authors":"Zehua Zhang, Lili Wang, Ruiliang Zuo, Zhenzhen Jiang, Guangyong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wide band emission has aroused widespread focus in various fields such as display, plant lighting, and solar cells due to its spectral continuity. Here, a series of Sb<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> doped Cs<sub>2</sub>NaLuCl<sub>6</sub> double perovskites with wide blue and red emissions were synthesized through a precipitation method. Enhanced self-trapped exciton (STE) emission and red emission of Mn<sup>2+</sup> ion are achieved by doping Sb<sup>3+</sup> ion to construct energy transfer channels. The temperature dependent fluorescence spectra exhibit that the emission intensity at 418 K remains 66.4% of that at 298 K in Cs<sub>2</sub>NaLuCl<sub>6</sub>: 1% Sb<sup>3+</sup>, 10% Mn<sup>2+</sup> microcrystal. Importantly, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of STE and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ion emissions show obvious broadening as the temperature increases, which is attributed to the enhanced electron-phonon interaction. The optical temperature sensing method based on FWHM of STE and Mn<sup>2+</sup> emissions is designed, the corresponding maximum relative sensitivity (<em>S</em><sub>r</sub>) values are 0.14% at 298 K and 0.61% at 448 K, respectively. Furthermore, due to the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between STE and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ion is highly temperature-dependent, the temperature sensing based on FIR technique is investigated. The maximum <em>S</em><sub>r</sub> values reach 1.31% K<sup>−1</sup> at 448 K under 317 nm excitation. The minimum temperature resolution (<em>δT</em>) is calculated as 0.26 K at 448 K. The dual-mode temperature measurement methods based on FWHM and FIR can achieve more accurate remote temperature measurement. These results indicate the microcrystal has potential application in the fields of optical temperature thermometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 121687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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