Carbon dots doped with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups were synthesized to act as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation. Structural studies revealed the presence of O,N-containing functional centers on the surface of carbon dots. The absorption and luminescence properties were investigated in water-ethanol mixtures. The effects of external heavy atoms and temperature on the delayed fluorescence of the carbon dots were examined. It was found that increasing the carbon dot concentration leads to an increase in phosphorescence intensity, while the lifetime of carbon dots decreases. Upon the addition of molecules to a degassed solution of carbon dots, a singlet-triplet annihilation occurs, the efficiency of which is governed by the concentration ratio of triplet state of carbon dots to molecules. The quantum yield of generation is equal to ΦΔ = 0.29.
{"title":"Photosensitization of singlet oxygen by O,N-doped carbon dots","authors":"Niaz Ibrayev , Gulnur Amanzholova , Boris Minaev , Takhmina Khamza","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots doped with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups were synthesized to act as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ο</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><msub><mo>Δ</mo><mi>g</mi></msub><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> generation. Structural studies revealed the presence of O,N<strong>-</strong>containing functional centers on the surface of carbon dots. The absorption and luminescence properties were investigated in water-ethanol mixtures. The effects of external heavy atoms and temperature on the delayed fluorescence of the carbon dots were examined. It was found that increasing the carbon dot concentration leads to an increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ο</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><msub><mo>Δ</mo><mi>g</mi></msub><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> phosphorescence intensity, while the lifetime of carbon dots decreases. Upon the addition of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ο</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><msubsup><mi>Σ</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>3</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> molecules to a degassed solution of carbon dots, a singlet-triplet annihilation occurs, the efficiency of which is governed by the concentration ratio of triplet state of carbon dots to <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ο</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><msub><mo>Δ</mo><mi>g</mi></msub><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> molecules. The quantum yield of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Ο</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mmultiscripts><msub><mo>Δ</mo><mi>g</mi></msub><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> generation is equal to Φ<sub>Δ</sub> = 0.29.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121782
Yong Tang , Jianwei Zhao , Yi Li , Yujing Wang , Guangqiu Zhang , Yihang Zhao , Lirong Qin
In this study, we demonstrate a synergistic approach combining hydrothermal synthesis with laser annealing to fabricate Y2O3:xEu3+ phosphors (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 %). When the doping concentration is 5 % Eu3+, the photoluminescence performance of the sample is the best, with the maximum emission intensity and a longer lifetime. The phosphor obtained by laser annealing, when excited by a 395 nm laser, emits light with a higher color purity than that obtained by traditional annealing; its thermal stability is also improved. Rietveld refinement confirms laser processing promotes preferential Eu3+ occupation at low-symmetry C2 sites, optimizing electric dipole transitions. Meanwhile, both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy tests have proved that the performance of the laser-annealed samples is higher than that of the samples annealed in the furnace. In conclusion, laser annealing can be used as a new method for preparing high-performance rare earth luminescent materials.
{"title":"Laser annealing enhances the color purity and thermal stability of Y2O3: Eu3+ fluorescent phosphors","authors":"Yong Tang , Jianwei Zhao , Yi Li , Yujing Wang , Guangqiu Zhang , Yihang Zhao , Lirong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we demonstrate a synergistic approach combining hydrothermal synthesis with laser annealing to fabricate Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:<em>x</em>Eu<sup>3+</sup> phosphors (<em>x</em> = 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 %). When the doping concentration is 5 % Eu<sup>3+</sup>, the photoluminescence performance of the sample is the best, with the maximum emission intensity and a longer lifetime. The phosphor obtained by laser annealing, when excited by a 395 nm laser, emits light with a higher color purity than that obtained by traditional annealing; its thermal stability is also improved. Rietveld refinement confirms laser processing promotes preferential Eu<sup>3+</sup> occupation at low-symmetry C<sub>2</sub> sites, optimizing electric dipole transitions. Meanwhile, both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy tests have proved that the performance of the laser-annealed samples is higher than that of the samples annealed in the furnace. In conclusion, laser annealing can be used as a new method for preparing high-performance rare earth luminescent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121773
Haseena Noor, Muhammad Usman, Shazma Ali, Anuda Bibi, Aiman Fatima
We numerically investigated green InGaN-based resonant cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs). By incorporating an AlGaN/InGaN superlattice electron-blocking layer (SL EBL) along with a highly reflective silver (Ag) bottom mirror and a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as the top mirror, the device performance was significantly enhanced. Simulation results show that electron and hole concentrations increased by ∼7 % and ∼29 %, respectively, compared to the reference RCLED. The SL EBL RCLED effectively suppresses electron overflow while improving hole injection, thereby boosting radiative recombination and output power by 29 % and 122 %, respectively, with a narrow FWHM of 5.3 nm. These results demonstrate that the AlGaN/InGaN SL EBL is an effective method for improving the performance of green RCLEDs.
{"title":"Enhanced performance of InGaN-based green resonant cavity light-emitting diodes with superlattice electron blocking layer","authors":"Haseena Noor, Muhammad Usman, Shazma Ali, Anuda Bibi, Aiman Fatima","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We numerically investigated green InGaN-based resonant cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs). By incorporating an AlGaN/InGaN superlattice electron-blocking layer (SL EBL) along with a highly reflective silver (Ag) bottom mirror and a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as the top mirror, the device performance was significantly enhanced. Simulation results show that electron and hole concentrations increased by ∼7 % and ∼29 %, respectively, compared to the reference RCLED. The SL EBL RCLED effectively suppresses electron overflow while improving hole injection, thereby boosting radiative recombination and output power by 29 % and 122 %, respectively, with a narrow FWHM of 5.3 nm. These results demonstrate that the AlGaN/InGaN SL EBL is an effective method for improving the performance of green RCLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121777
Th. Lampoudi , P. Konstandinidis , G.S. Polymeris , G. Kitis
The prompt isothermal (PID) decay of luminescence at a stable temperature is defined as an specific stimulated luminescence effect. The PID stimulation mode is described by three types of analytical expressions: two derived from the one-trap-one-recombination model (OTOR) and another from the tunneling recombination model. These two families of models exhibit potentially significant differences. Specifically, the OTOR-based is expected to retain an exponential dependence of the decay on temperature, whereas the tunneling recombination model may exhibit temperature-independent behavior. The present work studies the PID of luminescence of four feldspar samples in order to investigate the delocalized or localized nature of the decay. The initial rise technique was applied in order to examine if the glow curve of all feldspar are due to discrete or continuous energy levels. All PID curves obtained were fitted by three analytical expressions derived from OTOR delocalized and localized models as well as from a tunneling (localized) recombination model. The results showed that the PID effect presents a weak dependence of decay temperature yielding activation energy values much lower that the values of initial rise. Special attention was given to fitting parameters which are microscopic quantities characteristic of the trapping and recombination systems. The basic question arisen from this work is why in the framework of the same measurement the TL during linear heating is due to delocalized transitions whereas the TL from decay at stable temperature is due to localized transitions.
{"title":"Peculiarities in the prompt isothermal luminescence decay of four feldspars","authors":"Th. Lampoudi , P. Konstandinidis , G.S. Polymeris , G. Kitis","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prompt isothermal (PID) decay of luminescence at a stable temperature is defined as an specific stimulated luminescence effect. The PID stimulation mode is described by three types of analytical expressions: two derived from the one-trap-one-recombination model (OTOR) and another from the tunneling recombination model. These two families of models exhibit potentially significant differences. Specifically, the OTOR-based is expected to retain an exponential dependence of the decay on temperature, whereas the tunneling recombination model may exhibit temperature-independent behavior. The present work studies the PID of luminescence of four feldspar samples in order to investigate the delocalized or localized nature of the decay. The initial rise technique was applied in order to examine if the glow curve of all feldspar are due to discrete or continuous energy levels. All PID curves obtained were fitted by three analytical expressions derived from OTOR delocalized and localized models as well as from a tunneling (localized) recombination model. The results showed that the PID effect presents a weak dependence of decay temperature yielding activation energy values much lower that the values of initial rise. Special attention was given to fitting parameters which are microscopic quantities characteristic of the trapping and recombination systems. The basic question arisen from this work is why in the framework of the same measurement the TL during linear heating is due to delocalized transitions whereas the TL from decay at stable temperature is due to localized transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of boron subphthalocyanine chloride (B-SubPcCl), combining computational and experimental approaches to reveal its unique structural, electronic, and optoelectronic characteristics. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/SDD level reveal that the molecule adopts a non-planar geometry and exhibits a ground-state energy gap of 2.68 eV, a substantial dipole moment of 8.19 D, and a first hyperpolarizability significantly exceeding that of urea, confirming its strong nonlinear optical (NLO) potential. Complementary NBO and MEP analyses demonstrate pronounced intramolecular charge transfer and clearly defined reactive regions, emphasizing the molecule's inherent electronic versatility and suitability for advanced optoelectronic applications. Experimentally, thermally evaporated thin films exhibit uniform nanocrystalline morphology with an average grain size of 27.1 nm and low RMS roughness (∼2.8 nm), as confirmed by HRTEM and AFM. Optical studies reveal multiple band gaps (1.35, 2.24, and 2.78 eV) with broad absorption spanning UV–visible–NIR regions. The Au/B-SubPcCl/n-Si/Al heterojunction shows strong rectifying behavior with a dark rectification ratio exceeding 103, high responsivity, and detectivity, alongside fast, stable phototransient response and a light-dependent resistance ratio above 30 at −2 V. These results establish B-SubPcCl as a highly promising material for advanced optoelectronic and NLO devices, combining computational predictions with experimental validation to highlight its novel multifunctional performance.
{"title":"DFT and experimental investigation of nanostructured boron subphthalocyanine chloride-films based hybrid photodiodes: Bridging organic and inorganic materials for sustainable light detection","authors":"Ibtisam Alali , Nada Alhathlaul , Alaa Muqbil Alsirhani , Shimaa Abdel Halim , A.A.M. Farag","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation of boron subphthalocyanine chloride (B-SubPcCl), combining computational and experimental approaches to reveal its unique structural, electronic, and optoelectronic characteristics. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/SDD level reveal that the molecule adopts a non-planar geometry and exhibits a ground-state energy gap of 2.68 eV, a substantial dipole moment of 8.19 D, and a first hyperpolarizability significantly exceeding that of urea, confirming its strong nonlinear optical (NLO) potential. Complementary NBO and MEP analyses demonstrate pronounced intramolecular charge transfer and clearly defined reactive regions, emphasizing the molecule's inherent electronic versatility and suitability for advanced optoelectronic applications. Experimentally, thermally evaporated thin films exhibit uniform nanocrystalline morphology with an average grain size of 27.1 nm and low RMS roughness (∼2.8 nm), as confirmed by HRTEM and AFM. Optical studies reveal multiple band gaps (1.35, 2.24, and 2.78 eV) with broad absorption spanning UV–visible–NIR regions. The Au/B-SubPcCl/n-Si/Al heterojunction shows strong rectifying behavior with a dark rectification ratio exceeding 10<sup>3</sup>, high responsivity, and detectivity, alongside fast, stable phototransient response and a light-dependent resistance ratio above 30 at −2 V. These results establish B-SubPcCl as a highly promising material for advanced optoelectronic and NLO devices, combining computational predictions with experimental validation to highlight its novel multifunctional performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121762
Yuansheng Ma , Xing Zhang , Xu Yang , Zihao Ren , Weizhen Zhang , Xu Li , Yingnan Guo , Fenghe Wang
Er3+-doped phosphors have fascinating near-infrared (NIR) emission around 1.5 μm; however, they suffer from low NIR efficiency and are difficult to be excited by blue light. Herein, an Er3+ doped LiSc2SbO6 phosphor was successfully synthesized and its luminescence performance under blue excitation has been improved in the following ways: distance control between adjacent Er3+ ions; regulation of luminescence center symmetry; and blue light absorption enhancement. The Cr3+ co-dope broadens the emission spectra and covers both NIR-I and NIR-II regions (700–1650 nm). Notably, benefitting from the [Zn2+-Zn2+] ions pair replacement and Cr-Er energy transfer optimization, the blue light excitable NIR-II emission from Er3+ achieves an intensity 26.5 times higher, and the total NIR-I and NIR-II emission intensity enhanced by 39.2 times. The dual NIR bands of Er3+,Cr3+ co-doped (LiSc)1-yZn2yScSbO6 paves the way for NIR light sources pumped by commercial blue light-emitting diode (LED) chips in potential night-vision, and infrared imaging applications.
{"title":"Luminescence modulation of blue LED excitable Er3+-doped phosphor for both NIR-I and NIR-II emission","authors":"Yuansheng Ma , Xing Zhang , Xu Yang , Zihao Ren , Weizhen Zhang , Xu Li , Yingnan Guo , Fenghe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped phosphors have fascinating near-infrared (NIR) emission around 1.5 μm; however, they suffer from low NIR efficiency and are difficult to be excited by blue light. Herein, an Er<sup>3+</sup> doped LiSc<sub>2</sub>SbO<sub>6</sub> phosphor was successfully synthesized and its luminescence performance under blue excitation has been improved in the following ways: distance control between adjacent Er<sup>3+</sup> ions; regulation of luminescence center symmetry; and blue light absorption enhancement. The Cr<sup>3+</sup> co-dope broadens the emission spectra and covers both NIR-I and NIR-II regions (700–1650 nm). Notably, benefitting from the [Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Zn<sup>2+</sup>] ions pair replacement and Cr-Er energy transfer optimization, the blue light excitable NIR-II emission from Er<sup>3+</sup> achieves an intensity 26.5 times higher, and the total NIR-I and NIR-II emission intensity enhanced by 39.2 times. The dual NIR bands of Er<sup>3+</sup>,Cr<sup>3+</sup> co-doped (LiSc)<sub>1-y</sub>Zn<sub>2y</sub>ScSbO<sub>6</sub> paves the way for NIR light sources pumped by commercial blue light-emitting diode (LED) chips in potential night-vision, and infrared imaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121776
M. Shoaib , He Yongtai , A. Ahmad , Xingfa Zi , I. Khan , Gul Rooh , N. Chanthima , N. Intachai , S. Kothan , N. Kiwsakunkran , J. Kaewkhao
In the present work, the effects of Yb3+ ion concentrations on the physical, optical and structural properties of Nd3+ ions doped phosphate glasses have been investigated. A series of P2O5-Nb2O5-Na2O-Li2O-Nd2O3-Yb2O3 glasses were synthesized through melt quenching technique. The study shows that with the increasing concertation of Yb2O3, the density of the samples increases and the molar volume decreases, demonstrating structural changes. The structure changes also recorded from the FTIR and RAMAN spectra. The absorption spectra show the transition bands associated to Nd3+ and Yb3+ transitions, and the obvious hypersensitive transitions recorded at 582 nm. The Judd-Ofelt analysis identifies intensity parameters with Ω 4>Ω2>Ω 6 trend, that can be further used to calculate radiative properties. Furthermore, the 1060 nm near-infrared emission corresponding to the Nd3+ (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) transition is significantly affected by the content of Yb3+ ions demonstrating the energy transfer from Nd3+ to Yb3+ ions. The optimum Nd3+: Yb3+ molar ratio of 1.0: 0.7 shows enhanced luminescence, making these glasses promising candidates for photonic applications such as lasers and light amplifiers. The study provides valuable insights into the optimization of rare earth ions concentrations in the phosphate glass matrix for use in advanced optical technologies.
{"title":"Concentration-dependent on structural and optical behaviors of Yb2O3-modified Nd3+-doped phosphate glasses","authors":"M. Shoaib , He Yongtai , A. Ahmad , Xingfa Zi , I. Khan , Gul Rooh , N. Chanthima , N. Intachai , S. Kothan , N. Kiwsakunkran , J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work<strong>,</strong> the effects of Yb<sup>3+</sup> ion concentrations on the physical, optical and structural properties of Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions doped phosphate glasses have been investigated. A series of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-Li<sub>2</sub>O-Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glasses were synthesized through melt quenching technique. The study shows that with the increasing concertation of Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the density of the samples increases and the molar volume decreases, demonstrating structural changes. The structure changes also recorded from the FTIR and RAMAN spectra. The absorption spectra show the transition bands associated to Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup> transitions, and the obvious hypersensitive transitions recorded at 582 nm. The Judd-Ofelt analysis identifies intensity parameters with Ω <sub>4</sub>>Ω<sub>2</sub>>Ω <sub>6</sub> trend, that can be further used to calculate radiative properties. Furthermore, the 1060 nm near-infrared emission corresponding to the Nd<sup>3+</sup> (<sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub>) transition is significantly affected by the content of Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions demonstrating the energy transfer from Nd<sup>3+</sup> to Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions. The optimum Nd<sup>3+</sup>: Yb<sup>3+</sup> molar ratio of 1.0: 0.7 shows enhanced luminescence, making these glasses promising candidates for photonic applications such as lasers and light amplifiers. The study provides valuable insights into the optimization of rare earth ions concentrations in the phosphate glass matrix for use in advanced optical technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GdAl3(BO3)4: Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors were prepared through solid state reaction method and characterized. The crystalline phase was studied by powder X-ray diffraction technique, the occurrence of several vibrational bonds was recognized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology was verified by scanning electron microscopy. The down and up conversion emission spectra reveal three emission bands related to 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 (∼521 nm), 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (∼547 nm) and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 (∼658 nm) transitions up on 377 nm and 980 nm excitation, respectively. An effective sensitization of Yb3+ ions improves the intensity of green emission upon 980 nm upconversion. The GdAl3(BO3)4: 1 %Er3+/3 %Yb3+ phosphor exhibited a noteworthy thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.314 eV. The same was more potential for not only the design of green LEDs, but also for non-contact temperature sensing devices. It possesses an absolute sensitivity of 0.00415 K−1 at 473 K and relative sensitivity of 0.576 % K−1 at 373 K with an excellent thermal cycling repeatability.
{"title":"Intense green upconversion and temperature sensing properties of GdAl3(BO3)4: Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors","authors":"Venkata Surya Bhagavan Netheti , Bungala Chinna Jamalaiah , Pidaparthy Lalitha Saranya , Guddety Ramachandra Reddy , Mangali Madhu Sekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GdAl<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>: Er<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> phosphors were prepared through solid state reaction method and characterized. The crystalline phase was studied by powder X-ray diffraction technique, the occurrence of several vibrational bonds was recognized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology was verified by scanning electron microscopy. The down and up conversion emission spectra reveal three emission bands related to <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> (∼521 nm), <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> (∼547 nm) and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> (∼658 nm) transitions up on 377 nm and 980 nm excitation, respectively. An effective sensitization of Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions improves the intensity of green emission upon 980 nm upconversion. The GdAl<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>: 1 %Er<sup>3+</sup>/3 %Yb<sup>3+</sup> phosphor exhibited a noteworthy thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.314 eV. The same was more potential for not only the design of green LEDs, but also for non-contact temperature sensing devices. It possesses an absolute sensitivity of 0.00415 K<sup>−1</sup> at 473 K and relative sensitivity of 0.576 % K<sup>−1</sup> at 373 K with an excellent thermal cycling repeatability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121759
Chuan Sang, Yunze Liu, Ziyi Zhao, Ai Jian, Xu Zhou, Yongjian Zhou, Qi Xiao, Xiumei Yin, Xixian Luo
Lanthanide ions doped upconversion system with dual luminescence centers has attracted much interest in fields of display and temperature sensing. Herein, XNbO4:Yb3+,Er3+ (X = Lu, Gd, Y) are synthesized by solid state method. LuNbO4:Yb3+,Er3+ exhibits optimal upconversion luminescence under the same excitation conditions. Meanwhile, the appropriate combination of dual luminescence centers for Er3+ and Tm3+ can easily achieve color-tunable emission including white emission by adjusting the content of doped ions upon 980 nm excitation. The improving proportion of red emission with increasing Tm3+ is assigned to the effective energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+. Furthermore, UC luminescence thermometric performances are systematically investigated. Using non-thermally coupled levels of 4F9/2 (Er3+) and 3F2,3 (Tm3+) based on dual luminescence centers can obtain higher sensitivity performance (maximum absolute and relative sensitivity of 69.1 × 10−3 K−1 and 4.0 % K−1) compared to thermally coupled levels of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2. The above results indicate that LuNbO4:Yb3+,Er3+,Tm3+ is a promising upconversion luminescence material for solid-state displays and optical thermometry.
{"title":"Highly-sensitive optical temperature sensing and color-tunable upconversion emission based on dual luminescence centers of LuNbO4:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+","authors":"Chuan Sang, Yunze Liu, Ziyi Zhao, Ai Jian, Xu Zhou, Yongjian Zhou, Qi Xiao, Xiumei Yin, Xixian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanide ions doped upconversion system with dual luminescence centers has attracted much interest in fields of display and temperature sensing. Herein, XNbO<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> (X = Lu, Gd, Y) are synthesized by solid state method. LuNbO<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> exhibits optimal upconversion luminescence under the same excitation conditions. Meanwhile, the appropriate combination of dual luminescence centers for Er<sup>3+</sup> and Tm<sup>3+</sup> can easily achieve color-tunable emission including white emission by adjusting the content of doped ions upon 980 nm excitation. The improving proportion of red emission with increasing Tm<sup>3+</sup> is assigned to the effective energy transfer between Er<sup>3+</sup> and Tm<sup>3+</sup>. Furthermore, UC luminescence thermometric performances are systematically investigated. Using non-thermally coupled levels of <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> (Er<sup>3+</sup>) and <sup>3</sup>F<sub>2,3</sub> (Tm<sup>3+</sup>) based on dual luminescence centers can obtain higher sensitivity performance (maximum absolute and relative sensitivity of 69.1 × 10<sup>−3</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and 4.0 % K<sup>−1</sup>) compared to thermally coupled levels of <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub>. The above results indicate that LuNbO<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup>,Tm<sup>3+</sup> is a promising upconversion luminescence material for solid-state displays and optical thermometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121765
YinFei Liu , Wei Zhu , Feifei Huang , Renguang Ye , Hongping Ma , Youjie Hua , Shiqing Xu
Achieving high color rendering index (CRI) in white LEDs requires the use of red-emitting phosphors. With the expanding application range of high-power LEDs and laser diodes, the demand for thermal stability of phosphor has become increasingly stringent. In this study, a series of novel red-emitting phosphors Sr2-xLiAlO4: xSm3+ (x = 0.01–0.18) were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. Under 407 nm excitation, this phosphor displays a prominent red emission (608 nm) characterized by the dominant 4G → 6H transition of Sm3+. The phosphor maintains 98.5 % of its luminescence intensity at 200 °C compared to room temperature (30 °C). This indicates that Sr1.91LiAlO4: 0.09Sm3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability, which is attributed to the high rigidity of its crystal structure. A white LED was fabricated by coating a 365 nm near-UV chip with a blend of phosphors: the red Sr1.91LiAlO4: 0.09Sm3+, a yellow-green (Sr, Ba)2SiO4: Eu2+ and a blue BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+ phosphors. The device emits white light with a high color rendering index (CRI) of 94.4 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5625 K. The results demonstrate the promising application potential of the Sr1.91LiAlO4: 0.09Sm3+ red phosphor in white LED applications.
{"title":"High thermal stability and red emitting phosphor Sr2LiAlO4: Sm3+ for white LED","authors":"YinFei Liu , Wei Zhu , Feifei Huang , Renguang Ye , Hongping Ma , Youjie Hua , Shiqing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2026.121765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high color rendering index (CRI) in white LEDs requires the use of red-emitting phosphors. With the expanding application range of high-power LEDs and laser diodes, the demand for thermal stability of phosphor has become increasingly stringent. In this study, a series of novel red-emitting phosphors Sr<sub>2-<em>x</em></sub>LiAlO<sub>4</sub>: <em>x</em>Sm<sup>3+</sup> (<em>x</em> = 0.01–0.18) were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. Under 407 nm excitation, this phosphor displays a prominent red emission (608 nm) characterized by the dominant <sup>4</sup>G → <sup>6</sup>H transition of Sm<sup>3+</sup>. The phosphor maintains 98.5 % of its luminescence intensity at 200 °C compared to room temperature (30 °C). This indicates that Sr<sub>1.91</sub>LiAlO<sub>4</sub>: 0.09Sm<sup>3+</sup> phosphor has excellent thermal stability, which is attributed to the high rigidity of its crystal structure. A white LED was fabricated by coating a 365 nm near-UV chip with a blend of phosphors: the red Sr<sub>1.91</sub>LiAlO<sub>4</sub>: 0.09Sm<sup>3+</sup>, a yellow-green (Sr, Ba)<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup> and a blue BaMgAl<sub>10</sub>O<sub>17</sub>: Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphors. The device emits white light with a high color rendering index (CRI) of 94.4 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5625 K. The results demonstrate the promising application potential of the Sr<sub>1.91</sub>LiAlO<sub>4</sub>: 0.09Sm<sup>3+</sup> red phosphor in white LED applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 121765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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