Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082
E. N. Abdul Latip, L. Coudron, M. Tracey
Digital microfluidics (DMF) as a platform for precise handling of liquid droplets is a powerful tool but the affordability of the device has been one of the hindrances to its wide implementation. This paper reports the development of DMF devices using low-cost materials and simple deposition techniques specifically for the device dielectric component. Three commercial polyurethane coatings were investigated for their feasibility as the dielectric layer. The electrowetting behaviour of these materials was investigated by evaluating the change in contact angle with applied voltage of a water droplet sitting on the dielectric samples prepared using easy deposition methods such as spraying and spin coating. Devices were then fabricated using these materials to evaluate their capability to actuate droplets. Five types of polyurethane dielectric sample exhibited contact angle reversibility with hysteresis ranging between 4° to 25° after 250 VDC application. Droplet transportation back and forth across 8 electrodes at 180 VRMS has been demonstrated in a device made of one of the polyurethane coatings using a spraying technique. This result implies the potential of using polyurethane for future development of low-cost and disposable DMF devices.
{"title":"Low-cost Polyurethane Coating as Dielectric Component in Digital Microfluidics","authors":"E. N. Abdul Latip, L. Coudron, M. Tracey","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082","url":null,"abstract":"Digital microfluidics (DMF) as a platform for precise handling of liquid droplets is a powerful tool but the affordability of the device has been one of the hindrances to its wide implementation. This paper reports the development of DMF devices using low-cost materials and simple deposition techniques specifically for the device dielectric component. Three commercial polyurethane coatings were investigated for their feasibility as the dielectric layer. The electrowetting behaviour of these materials was investigated by evaluating the change in contact angle with applied voltage of a water droplet sitting on the dielectric samples prepared using easy deposition methods such as spraying and spin coating. Devices were then fabricated using these materials to evaluate their capability to actuate droplets. Five types of polyurethane dielectric sample exhibited contact angle reversibility with hysteresis ranging between 4° to 25° after 250 VDC application. Droplet transportation back and forth across 8 electrodes at 180 VRMS has been demonstrated in a device made of one of the polyurethane coatings using a spraying technique. This result implies the potential of using polyurethane for future development of low-cost and disposable DMF devices.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76177687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21079
Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin, Mohd Ashhar Mansor, M. Abdul Rashid, N. Shaffiar, Z. Ahmad
The typical of beeswax, dammar, rosin, paraffin, and microcrystalline wax. batik wax compositions used in Malaysia consist of various blends This study aims to characterize soy wax/beeswax blends’ structural, thermal, strength, and mass loss properties as potential alternative batik wax compositions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the additions of beeswax (wt%) into soy wax resulted in possible chemical interaction for the esters (C=O stretching and C-H bending vibrations), hydrocarbons (CH2 scissor formation), and cholestral esters (C=O stretching vibrations). The thermal profile obtained via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively revealed an increase in peak melting temperature and reduced thermal stability of the blends with further increments of beeswax. In addition, beeswax enhances the compression strength by 150% but did not have any significant impact on the modulus of the blends. E valuation of the mass loss test suggested that beeswax in the range of 40 wt% to 60 wt% can be considered as alternative batik resist material due to its moderate leaching tendency. Future works shall be conducted to evaluate the performance of these wax compositions against other batik wax criteria and the feasibility of printing these waxes using an in-house designed batik printer.
{"title":"The Effects of Beeswax Additions on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical and Mass Loss Properties of Soy Wax Blends","authors":"Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin, Mohd Ashhar Mansor, M. Abdul Rashid, N. Shaffiar, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21079","url":null,"abstract":"The typical of beeswax, dammar, rosin, paraffin, and microcrystalline wax. batik wax compositions used in Malaysia consist of various blends This study aims to characterize soy wax/beeswax blends’ structural, thermal, strength, and mass loss properties as potential alternative batik wax compositions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the additions of beeswax (wt%) into soy wax resulted in possible chemical interaction for the esters (C=O stretching and C-H bending vibrations), hydrocarbons (CH2 scissor formation), and cholestral esters (C=O stretching vibrations). The thermal profile obtained via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively revealed an increase in peak melting temperature and reduced thermal stability of the blends with further increments of beeswax. In addition, beeswax enhances the compression strength by 150% but did not have any significant impact on the modulus of the blends. E valuation of the mass loss test suggested that beeswax in the range of 40 wt% to 60 wt% can be considered as alternative batik resist material due to its moderate leaching tendency. Future works shall be conducted to evaluate the performance of these wax compositions against other batik wax criteria and the feasibility of printing these waxes using an in-house designed batik printer.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81324960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21080
M. S, Ramakrishna N Hegde
In this experimental study, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of conventional swirl chamber (CSC) and geometrically modified swirl chamber (GMSC) of IDI diesel engines were studied. A GMSC was designed and fabricated in a separated engine head, for performance testing and comparison purpose. Biodiesel from chia seed oil was extracted by transesterification process and blended with diesel based on volumetric ratios of 5% to 25%, in steps of 10% increase. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends were compared with petroleum diesel using the CSC and GMSC. The result shows BTE of biodiesel blend BC05, BC15 and BC25 using the GMSC are 3.18%, 0.21% and 1.19% lesser compared to CSC 75% load. In-cylinder pressure of blends BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 66.3 bar, 59.04 bar and 54.34 bar with GMSC. BSFC of BC05, BC15 and BC25 with GMSC are 2.56%, 9.38% and 11.95% higher compared to diesel due to the low CV of biodiesel. NOx emissions for diesel, BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 9.47%, 18.41%, 6.98% and 1.67% respectively less at 75% load with GMSC compared to CSC. From the performance and emission characteristics blend B15 may be recommended as a promising substitute for petroleum diesel.
{"title":"Investigative Studies on Performance Behavior on an IDI diesel engine with a Geometrically Modified Swirl Chamber using Biodiesel Blends","authors":"M. S, Ramakrishna N Hegde","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21080","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental study, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of conventional swirl chamber (CSC) and geometrically modified swirl chamber (GMSC) of IDI diesel engines were studied. A GMSC was designed and fabricated in a separated engine head, for performance testing and comparison purpose. Biodiesel from chia seed oil was extracted by transesterification process and blended with diesel based on volumetric ratios of 5% to 25%, in steps of 10% increase. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends were compared with petroleum diesel using the CSC and GMSC. The result shows BTE of biodiesel blend BC05, BC15 and BC25 using the GMSC are 3.18%, 0.21% and 1.19% lesser compared to CSC 75% load. In-cylinder pressure of blends BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 66.3 bar, 59.04 bar and 54.34 bar with GMSC. BSFC of BC05, BC15 and BC25 with GMSC are 2.56%, 9.38% and 11.95% higher compared to diesel due to the low CV of biodiesel. NOx emissions for diesel, BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 9.47%, 18.41%, 6.98% and 1.67% respectively less at 75% load with GMSC compared to CSC. From the performance and emission characteristics blend B15 may be recommended as a promising substitute for petroleum diesel.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21081
T. Gaaz, Malik N. Hawas
Muons are usually among the most common secondary cosmic ray particles on Earth's surface. Muon research has confirmed their occurrence in a variety of locales. It has been claimed that cosmic radiation in general, and muons in particular, have disastrous consequences on biological things and electrical components on Earth and in space. According to medical sources, cosmic rays have been linked to many ailments affecting people and other creatures. Because of these issues, cosmic ray shielding has become a crucial component of this and comparative studies. Muons emitted by cosmic rays were detected using a muon telescope made of coaxial Geiger-Muller (GM) tubes. This experiment was carried out within the muon lab of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in Malaysia to examine how the cosmic ray muon count fluctuates with the shielding of metals (Copper (Cu) and Aluminium (Al)) and polyethylene. The measured muon count for each metal sample was statistically analysed. Using both metals as shielding in this experiment revealed that adding additional Cu and Al sheets reduced the muon count. Generally, the numbers drop as the thickness increases. The results suggest that Cu outperforms Al in shielding efficacy (19% vs 16%). Because Cu has a more significant density than Al, the correlation coefficient R2 for Cu = 0.9372 is greater than R2 for Al = 0.6593, indicating that the trend for Cu is better than the trend for Al in this experiment. To study the shielding capabilities of the two composites, Al/PE and Cu/PE, ten sheets of Polyethylene (PE) were gradually put individually between the Al and Cu sheets. The results showed that PE sheets slightly increased cosmic ray shielding.
μ子通常是地球表面最常见的次级宇宙射线粒子之一。μ子的研究已经证实了它们在许多地方都存在。有人声称，总的来说，宇宙辐射，特别是介子，对地球和太空中的生物和电子元件有灾难性的后果。根据医学资料，宇宙射线与影响人类和其他生物的许多疾病有关。由于这些问题，宇宙射线屏蔽已成为这一研究和比较研究的重要组成部分。宇宙射线发射的μ子是用同轴盖革-穆勒(GM)管制成的μ子望远镜探测到的。这项实验是在马来西亚Kebangsaan Malaysia大学(UKM)的μ子实验室进行的，目的是研究宇宙射线μ子计数如何随着金属(铜(Cu)和铝(Al))和聚乙烯的屏蔽而波动。对每个金属样品的测量μ子计数进行统计分析。在实验中使用这两种金属作为屏蔽，发现添加额外的Cu和Al片可以减少μ子数量。一般来说，随着厚度的增加，数字会下降。结果表明，Cu的屏蔽效能优于Al (19% vs 16%)。由于Cu的密度比Al更显著，所以Cu = 0.9372的相关系数R2大于Al = 0.6593的相关系数R2，说明本实验中Cu的趋势好于Al的趋势。为了研究Al/PE和Cu/PE两种复合材料的屏蔽性能，在Al/PE和Cu/PE之间逐渐分别放置了10层聚乙烯(PE)。结果表明，PE板略有增加宇宙射线屏蔽。
{"title":"Shielding Cosmic Ray Muon using Copper and Aluminium Sheets Composited with Polyethylene Sheets for a Better Protection","authors":"T. Gaaz, Malik N. Hawas","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21081","url":null,"abstract":"Muons are usually among the most common secondary cosmic ray particles on Earth's surface. Muon research has confirmed their occurrence in a variety of locales. It has been claimed that cosmic radiation in general, and muons in particular, have disastrous consequences on biological things and electrical components on Earth and in space. According to medical sources, cosmic rays have been linked to many ailments affecting people and other creatures. Because of these issues, cosmic ray shielding has become a crucial component of this and comparative studies. Muons emitted by cosmic rays were detected using a muon telescope made of coaxial Geiger-Muller (GM) tubes. This experiment was carried out within the muon lab of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in Malaysia to examine how the cosmic ray muon count fluctuates with the shielding of metals (Copper (Cu) and Aluminium (Al)) and polyethylene. The measured muon count for each metal sample was statistically analysed. Using both metals as shielding in this experiment revealed that adding additional Cu and Al sheets reduced the muon count. Generally, the numbers drop as the thickness increases. The results suggest that Cu outperforms Al in shielding efficacy (19% vs 16%). Because Cu has a more significant density than Al, the correlation coefficient R2 for Cu = 0.9372 is greater than R2 for Al = 0.6593, indicating that the trend for Cu is better than the trend for Al in this experiment. To study the shielding capabilities of the two composites, Al/PE and Cu/PE, ten sheets of Polyethylene (PE) were gradually put individually between the Al and Cu sheets. The results showed that PE sheets slightly increased cosmic ray shielding.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84686582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21087
M. Bahari, M. Firdaus, Z. Mohamed, M. H. M.Ramli
A hybrid generator is one of the attempts to reduce carbon emissions in electricity generation, as it could replace the combustion system currently used in generator sets to generate electricity while increasing carbon emissions. In the hybrid generator system, Lenz's rule of electromagnetic induction is applied in reverse by using a relay to change the polarity of the solenoid coil's electric current. The permanent magnet in the solenoid coil generates mechanical energy (motion) and thereby moves the generator engine, since the permanent magnet is connected to the generator engine via the crankshaft. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the behaviour of N55, N52, N42, N42SH, and samarium-cobalt permanent magnets for the magnet system. The objective of this study is also to find a suitable permanent magnet for use in the magnet system to increase the power generation efficiency. A simple model is simulated to achieve the desired result, including magnetic flux density inside and around the magnets, magnetic field strength calculation, and applied force. The simulations and analysis are performed using ANSYS R19 software and finally all the data are recorded and compared to select the best magnet and develop a prototype. The permanent magnet inside the solenoid plays an important role in the hybrid generator and it is crucial to choose the suitable permanent magnet to increase the efficiency of power generation. From the data, Alliance N-55 permanent magnet has the highestmagnetic force of 131.57 N for 1 mm because it has significantly higher magnetic flux density, magnetic flux intensity and magnetic force.
{"title":"Computational Numerical Analysis of a Magnetic Flux Permanent Magnet with Different Shape for The Development of a Hybrid Generator","authors":"M. Bahari, M. Firdaus, Z. Mohamed, M. H. M.Ramli","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21087","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid generator is one of the attempts to reduce carbon emissions in electricity generation, as it could replace the combustion system currently used in generator sets to generate electricity while increasing carbon emissions. In the hybrid generator system, Lenz's rule of electromagnetic induction is applied in reverse by using a relay to change the polarity of the solenoid coil's electric current. The permanent magnet in the solenoid coil generates mechanical energy (motion) and thereby moves the generator engine, since the permanent magnet is connected to the generator engine via the crankshaft. The objective of this study is to determine and compare the behaviour of N55, N52, N42, N42SH, and samarium-cobalt permanent magnets for the magnet system. The objective of this study is also to find a suitable permanent magnet for use in the magnet system to increase the power generation efficiency. A simple model is simulated to achieve the desired result, including magnetic flux density inside and around the magnets, magnetic field strength calculation, and applied force. The simulations and analysis are performed using ANSYS R19 software and finally all the data are recorded and compared to select the best magnet and develop a prototype. The permanent magnet inside the solenoid plays an important role in the hybrid generator and it is crucial to choose the suitable permanent magnet to increase the efficiency of power generation. From the data, Alliance N-55 permanent magnet has the highestmagnetic force of 131.57 N for 1 mm because it has significantly higher magnetic flux density, magnetic flux intensity and magnetic force.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77719510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21074
M. Nirish, R. Rajendra, Buschaiah Karolla
The quality of a selective laser melting (SLM) component depends on build orientation and layer thickness, which are directly influenced by processing parameters. The present research of layer-by-layer additive simulation before starting the SLM process has several advantages, such as saving time, cost, and material. In this main investigation, the dynamic performance of fatigue strength, density, and hardness of AlSi10Mg alloy was produced by the SLM-AM according to the design of experiments. The L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was created to perform the experimental development process. Finally, the obtained optimal process parameter with the highest values of fatigue strength, density, and hardness was found at a laser power of 225 Watts, a scan speed of 500 mm/s, and a hatching distance of 100 μm. The experimental density result was achieved with a high density value of 99.6% (2.66 g/cm3) and a defect-free component and hardness of 126±5 HV. The future scope of this study will use optimal process parameters to find out mechanical properties for as built and preheated conditions for aerospace applications.
{"title":"Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Optimization of AlSi10Mg Alloy Using Selective Laser Melting: Dynamic Performance of Fatigue Behaviour, Microstructure, Hardness and Density","authors":"M. Nirish, R. Rajendra, Buschaiah Karolla","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21074","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of a selective laser melting (SLM) component depends on build orientation and layer thickness, which are directly influenced by processing parameters. The present research of layer-by-layer additive simulation before starting the SLM process has several advantages, such as saving time, cost, and material. In this main investigation, the dynamic performance of fatigue strength, density, and hardness of AlSi10Mg alloy was produced by the SLM-AM according to the design of experiments. The L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was created to perform the experimental development process. Finally, the obtained optimal process parameter with the highest values of fatigue strength, density, and hardness was found at a laser power of 225 Watts, a scan speed of 500 mm/s, and a hatching distance of 100 μm. The experimental density result was achieved with a high density value of 99.6% (2.66 g/cm3) and a defect-free component and hardness of 126±5 HV. The future scope of this study will use optimal process parameters to find out mechanical properties for as built and preheated conditions for aerospace applications.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88527072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21084
Saeed Darki, E. Y. Raskatov
Considering the complexity of the radial forging process, the study of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters is of great importance. With the severe deformation of a workpiece in a plastic state, the effects of all parameters affecting the final geometry of the forging pipe need to be optimized. Thus, the mathematical model of the process is based on visco-plastic material, taking into account thermomechanical coupling and the surface properties during forging, including the hardness of the workpiece and friction. The results present the effects of a die angle on residual stress, total wear, and contact force, leading to ideal operating conditions and the ideal design of machine parts. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculations and predictions made through software, a hardness test was performed experimentally, which showed the hardness curve of the microstructure and the strain of the workpiece. This indicates the consistency and accuracy of the results obtained from both methods. In order to improve the process and the tube employed, using an optimized die is recommended.
{"title":"Development of an Analysis Method for Radial Forging Parameters Based on Hardness Criterion","authors":"Saeed Darki, E. Y. Raskatov","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21084","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the complexity of the radial forging process, the study of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters is of great importance. With the severe deformation of a workpiece in a plastic state, the effects of all parameters affecting the final geometry of the forging pipe need to be optimized. Thus, the mathematical model of the process is based on visco-plastic material, taking into account thermomechanical coupling and the surface properties during forging, including the hardness of the workpiece and friction. The results present the effects of a die angle on residual stress, total wear, and contact force, leading to ideal operating conditions and the ideal design of machine parts. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculations and predictions made through software, a hardness test was performed experimentally, which showed the hardness curve of the microstructure and the strain of the workpiece. This indicates the consistency and accuracy of the results obtained from both methods. In order to improve the process and the tube employed, using an optimized die is recommended.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82894450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21093
S. Illias, S. Hussain, M. S. Ishak, Md Tasyrif Abdul Rahman, Syamsul Syahrun Awang @ Hashim, S. Selamat, M. Ani
The main objective of this paper is to conduct a manual drop test experiment to investigate the actual size and volume of a single droplet. Both experimental result and theoretical value were calculated for comparison. In this study methanol was chosen as the test liquid. The drop test was repeated numerous times with the droplet size measurement being calculated for every 50, 100 and 150 drops. A digital weight measurement was used to precisely measure the droplet weight in the drop test. Meanwhile for theoretical calculation, measurement was made based on chemical properties of the liquid itself. Based on the comparison, it was found that the experimental measurement of droplet size and volume is comparable with the theoretical calculation.
{"title":"Single Droplet Size and Volume Measurement – Comparison Between Experiment and Theory","authors":"S. Illias, S. Hussain, M. S. Ishak, Md Tasyrif Abdul Rahman, Syamsul Syahrun Awang @ Hashim, S. Selamat, M. Ani","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21093","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to conduct a manual drop test experiment to investigate the actual size and volume of a single droplet. Both experimental result and theoretical value were calculated for comparison. In this study methanol was chosen as the test liquid. The drop test was repeated numerous times with the droplet size measurement being calculated for every 50, 100 and 150 drops. A digital weight measurement was used to precisely measure the droplet weight in the drop test. Meanwhile for theoretical calculation, measurement was made based on chemical properties of the liquid itself. Based on the comparison, it was found that the experimental measurement of droplet size and volume is comparable with the theoretical calculation.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90967620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21086
B. Behera, T. M
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) thermoplastic composites were reinforced with graphene fillers for three different weight ratios of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%. The compounding was prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and the specimens were made using an injection molding machine. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)study revealed that the thermal stability of ABS composites was improved (~7%) by adding graphene fillers in pure ABS.The tensile and flexural strength of the ABS/grapheme composites was maximumwith the addition of 0.6 wt% graphene fillers. But the impact strength was reduced (~42%) for the addition of graphene fillers of more than 0.6 wt%. The stiffness of pure ABS was enhanced by more than ~27% with the addition of graphene fillers. It was found from a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA) study that the storage modulus and Tan Delta values of the composites were improved compared to pure ABS. The storage modulus was increased by more than ~70% over a wide range of temperatures. The addition of graphene fillers in the ABS matrix improved the glass transition temperature (increased from 110 ̊C to 118 ̊C). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the homogeneous mixing of the ABS matrix and the graphene fillers, and better dispersion was noticed with 0.6 wt% of graphene fillers.
{"title":"Study of Viscoelastic Behavior and Mechanical Characteristics of Graphene-Filled ABS Composites","authors":"B. Behera, T. M","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21086","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) thermoplastic composites were reinforced with graphene fillers for three different weight ratios of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%. The compounding was prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and the specimens were made using an injection molding machine. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)study revealed that the thermal stability of ABS composites was improved (~7%) by adding graphene fillers in pure ABS.The tensile and flexural strength of the ABS/grapheme composites was maximumwith the addition of 0.6 wt% graphene fillers. But the impact strength was reduced (~42%) for the addition of graphene fillers of more than 0.6 wt%. The stiffness of pure ABS was enhanced by more than ~27% with the addition of graphene fillers. It was found from a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA) study that the storage modulus and Tan Delta values of the composites were improved compared to pure ABS. The storage modulus was increased by more than ~70% over a wide range of temperatures. The addition of graphene fillers in the ABS matrix improved the glass transition temperature (increased from 110 ̊C to 118 ̊C). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the homogeneous mixing of the ABS matrix and the graphene fillers, and better dispersion was noticed with 0.6 wt% of graphene fillers.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81646134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21091
Amira Ruzailin Dzulkifli, R. Hassan, Sakhiah Abdul Kudus, Mohd Nizam Shakimon, Arkitek Azman Zainal, B. Anshari
Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) is one of the Malaysian common species used for structural construction material. It is capable of serving as a beam and column. This study focused on the experimental mortise and tenon connection fastened with wood; glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and steel dowel. The finite element method (FEM) was used to model the behaviour of mortise and tenon joint for wood dowel subjected to pull-out loads using ABAQUS software. The experimental results were used to validate a three dimensional finite element model of mortise and tenon joint. The full structural scale ofmortise and tenon was fastened with a 21 mm diameter dowel. The investigation was carried out by applying tensile loads to the top of the tenon. This study adopted a linear elastic orthotropic material to represent the Kapur wood behaviour using the FEM. In this study, the results reveal the load carrying capacity of the mortise and tenon in a sequence of highest to the lowest is when the joint dowelled with GFRP, steel and wood. The stiffness value obtained from the FEM for wood dowel is found higher than the experimental value. Thus, the findings from finite element method (FEM) and the experimental results both had slightly dissimilar load–displacement curve shape. However, this study contributes to a better knowledge of mortise and tenon performance when secured with a wood dowel.
{"title":"Experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM) of Dowelled Mortise and Tenon Joint for Kapur Species","authors":"Amira Ruzailin Dzulkifli, R. Hassan, Sakhiah Abdul Kudus, Mohd Nizam Shakimon, Arkitek Azman Zainal, B. Anshari","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21091","url":null,"abstract":"Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) is one of the Malaysian common species used for structural construction material. It is capable of serving as a beam and column. This study focused on the experimental mortise and tenon connection fastened with wood; glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and steel dowel. The finite element method (FEM) was used to model the behaviour of mortise and tenon joint for wood dowel subjected to pull-out loads using ABAQUS software. The experimental results were used to validate a three dimensional finite element model of mortise and tenon joint. The full structural scale ofmortise and tenon was fastened with a 21 mm diameter dowel. The investigation was carried out by applying tensile loads to the top of the tenon. This study adopted a linear elastic orthotropic material to represent the Kapur wood behaviour using the FEM. In this study, the results reveal the load carrying capacity of the mortise and tenon in a sequence of highest to the lowest is when the joint dowelled with GFRP, steel and wood. The stiffness value obtained from the FEM for wood dowel is found higher than the experimental value. Thus, the findings from finite element method (FEM) and the experimental results both had slightly dissimilar load–displacement curve shape. However, this study contributes to a better knowledge of mortise and tenon performance when secured with a wood dowel.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74374125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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