Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.2.0736
Nurul Hayati Abdul Halim, C. H. Che Haron, J. Abdul Ghani, M. Azhar, M.Z. Zulkifli
This paper investigates the correlation between surface roughness of Inconel 718 and tool edge condition of ball nose inserts when milled at high speed. The cutting parameters were varied as follows; cutting speed: 120–140 m/min, feed rate: 0.15–0.25 mm/tooth, and axial depth of cut: 0.3–0.7 mm. For a sustainable machining approach, the experimental works were carried out under a smooth supply of cryogenic coolant which is a mix of liquid CO2, gas CO2, and compressed air. The experimental results revealed that the range of surface roughness obtained is from 0.114 to 0.197 µm. Along the cutting process, the tool wear patterns such as the abrasion, chipping, and the intermittent build-up-edge near the depth of cut cause the rapid increase of tool wear as well as the roughness of the machined surface with a significant correlation between them. However, the roughness was slowly reduced and became stable with the increase of notch wear. The finding could be used as a prediction reference for monitoring surface roughness and tool wear progress under cryogenic conditions. It also provides foundations for further research on machinability under this sustainable approach.
{"title":"The correlation of surface roughness and tool edge condition under sustainable cryogenic machining","authors":"Nurul Hayati Abdul Halim, C. H. Che Haron, J. Abdul Ghani, M. Azhar, M.Z. Zulkifli","doi":"10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.2.0736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.2.0736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the correlation between surface roughness of Inconel 718 and tool edge condition of ball nose inserts when milled at high speed. The cutting parameters were varied as follows; cutting speed: 120–140 m/min, feed rate: 0.15–0.25 mm/tooth, and axial depth of cut: 0.3–0.7 mm. For a sustainable machining approach, the experimental works were carried out under a smooth supply of cryogenic coolant which is a mix of liquid CO2, gas CO2, and compressed air. The experimental results revealed that the range of surface roughness obtained is from 0.114 to 0.197 µm. Along the cutting process, the tool wear patterns such as the abrasion, chipping, and the intermittent build-up-edge near the depth of cut cause the rapid increase of tool wear as well as the roughness of the machined surface with a significant correlation between them. However, the roughness was slowly reduced and became stable with the increase of notch wear. The finding could be used as a prediction reference for monitoring surface roughness and tool wear progress under cryogenic conditions. It also provides foundations for further research on machinability under this sustainable approach.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.9.0743
Vinod Arya
Creep analysis of a thick-walled composite anisotropic cylinder under internal pressure and considering large strains is presented. Using a threshold creep law for composite materials, expressions for stresses, strains, and strain rates are derived for several anisotropic cases. Numerical results, presented through several graphs and tables, depict the effect of anisotropy on the stress, strain, and strain rate distributions. Since for a specific type of material anisotropy described in the paper, these quantities are found to have the lowest values at the inner radius (the potential location of cylinder failure). It is concluded that by employing such an anisotropic material for the design of a thick-walled cylinder a longer service life for the cylinder may be achieved.
{"title":"Large strain creep analysis of composite thick-walled anisotropic cylinders","authors":"Vinod Arya","doi":"10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.9.0743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.9.0743","url":null,"abstract":"Creep analysis of a thick-walled composite anisotropic cylinder under internal pressure and considering large strains is presented. Using a threshold creep law for composite materials, expressions for stresses, strains, and strain rates are derived for several anisotropic cases. Numerical results, presented through several graphs and tables, depict the effect of anisotropy on the stress, strain, and strain rate distributions. Since for a specific type of material anisotropy described in the paper, these quantities are found to have the lowest values at the inner radius (the potential location of cylinder failure). It is concluded that by employing such an anisotropic material for the design of a thick-walled cylinder a longer service life for the cylinder may be achieved.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.1.0735
Mohammad Zahid Khan, Jitendra Bhaskar, Anand Kumar
A specialized medical cranioplasty procedure entails the use of implants of various materials, forms, and sizes. Computational technologies such as modelling and simulation, have refined the technique for creating these implants catering to patient specific needs. Superior qualities of lattice structures have considerable usage in implants. This study mainly focuses on three distinct types of strut-based lattice structures, Octet, Diamond, and Kelvin, for constructing cranial implant models using CAD tools like Solidworks and nTopology. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) is used to test the behaviour of the designed implants in two cases: impact of external force and increase in intracranial pressure. Level of porosity is compared to determine extent of porosity of these implants, as porosity is significant in osseointegration. According to the study, these lattice structures give satisfactory results and can be utilized to make the implant more porous while satisfying the load bearing capacity.
{"title":"Design and analysis of strut-based lattice structure cranial implant","authors":"Mohammad Zahid Khan, Jitendra Bhaskar, Anand Kumar","doi":"10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.1.0735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.1.0735","url":null,"abstract":"A specialized medical cranioplasty procedure entails the use of implants of various materials, forms, and sizes. Computational technologies such as modelling and simulation, have refined the technique for creating these implants catering to patient specific needs. Superior qualities of lattice structures have considerable usage in implants. This study mainly focuses on three distinct types of strut-based lattice structures, Octet, Diamond, and Kelvin, for constructing cranial implant models using CAD tools like Solidworks and nTopology. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) is used to test the behaviour of the designed implants in two cases: impact of external force and increase in intracranial pressure. Level of porosity is compared to determine extent of porosity of these implants, as porosity is significant in osseointegration. According to the study, these lattice structures give satisfactory results and can be utilized to make the implant more porous while satisfying the load bearing capacity.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.6.0740
Siti Sarah Abdul Manan, Muhammed Nafis
Adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening, and snap-fit are all ways for attaching plastic components together. Snap-fit is employed to assemble plastic parts because it is an efficient, cost-effective, and fast joining technique. When it comes to snap-fits, you have two options: separable and inseparable. The term separable refers to the ability of the components to be dismantled successfully without breaking, whereas inseparable refers to the plastic parts being permanently attached. This investigation focuses on cantilever snap-fit since it is frequently used in the automotive, aerospace, and other sectors. Numerous aspects and parameters affect the functioning of snap-fits, notably on the forces of the insertion and retention. The parameters are the feature thickness (Tb), beam length (Lb), beam width (Wb), base radius (Rb), mounting (α) and dismounting angle (β). The forces required to attach and detach the snap-fits are thought to increase as the insertion and retention angles increase. The results can be seen that higher insertion and retention angle contributes to higher insertion and retention forces as portrayed from Set 7 with the value of 1.1052 N and -1.0214 N.
{"title":"A parametric study of insertion and retention forces in cantilever hook","authors":"Siti Sarah Abdul Manan, Muhammed Nafis","doi":"10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.6.0740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.6.0740","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening, and snap-fit are all ways for attaching plastic components together. Snap-fit is employed to assemble plastic parts because it is an efficient, cost-effective, and fast joining technique. When it comes to snap-fits, you have two options: separable and inseparable. The term separable refers to the ability of the components to be dismantled successfully without breaking, whereas inseparable refers to the plastic parts being permanently attached. This investigation focuses on cantilever snap-fit since it is frequently used in the automotive, aerospace, and other sectors. Numerous aspects and parameters affect the functioning of snap-fits, notably on the forces of the insertion and retention. The parameters are the feature thickness (Tb), beam length (Lb), beam width (Wb), base radius (Rb), mounting (α) and dismounting angle (β). The forces required to attach and detach the snap-fits are thought to increase as the insertion and retention angles increase. The results can be seen that higher insertion and retention angle contributes to higher insertion and retention forces as portrayed from Set 7 with the value of 1.1052 N and -1.0214 N.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.7.0741
V. Awati, Parashuram Obannavar, M. N.
The electric double layer phenomenon exists on the solid interface under the water-liquid condition. The water molecules are ionized and adhered in the interface forming the sturn layer is a diffused layer in which molecules can move with the movement of bulk of molecules. Because of these two characteristics, the boundary layer of water molecules is called the electric double layer. The aim of present study is to explore the impact of two fraction surfaces of electric double layer (EDL) on a thin water lubricating film on an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) line contact problem with a sinusoidal surface roughness. The governing modified Reynolds and film thickness equations are based on mathematical model of electro-viscosity of asymmetrical electrical double layer is analyzed numerically. The viscosity-pressure relation of water and theoretical evaluation pertaining to the effect of electric double layer on film-thickness and pressure distribution of EHL with water film of line contact problem is discussed in detail. The effect of zeta potential on film thickness and pressure is determined using Newton’s-GMRES method with Daubechies D6 wavelet as a pre-conditioner. The results predict that, EDL has less impact on pressure distribution and significant impact on film thickness. The obtained results are compared with results of Dowson and Higginson which are comparable.
{"title":"Newton-GMRES-Method for the Scritinization of electric double layer and surface roughness on EHL line contact problem","authors":"V. Awati, Parashuram Obannavar, M. N.","doi":"10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.7.0741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.17.1.2023.7.0741","url":null,"abstract":"The electric double layer phenomenon exists on the solid interface under the water-liquid condition. The water molecules are ionized and adhered in the interface forming the sturn layer is a diffused layer in which molecules can move with the movement of bulk of molecules. Because of these two characteristics, the boundary layer of water molecules is called the electric double layer. The aim of present study is to explore the impact of two fraction surfaces of electric double layer (EDL) on a thin water lubricating film on an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) line contact problem with a sinusoidal surface roughness. The governing modified Reynolds and film thickness equations are based on mathematical model of electro-viscosity of asymmetrical electrical double layer is analyzed numerically. The viscosity-pressure relation of water and theoretical evaluation pertaining to the effect of electric double layer on film-thickness and pressure distribution of EHL with water film of line contact problem is discussed in detail. The effect of zeta potential on film thickness and pressure is determined using Newton’s-GMRES method with Daubechies D6 wavelet as a pre-conditioner. The results predict that, EDL has less impact on pressure distribution and significant impact on film thickness. The obtained results are compared with results of Dowson and Higginson which are comparable.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21078
Mohamad Ihsan Abdul Hamid, S. Mazlan, N. Nordin, A. A. Abd Fatah, Ubaidillah -, F. Imaduddin, I. Ismail
This research presents a simulation study on electromagnetic behaviour of magnetic flux density distribution in a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) bushing. The design concept of MRE bushing is based on the design of the bushing used in the conventional car, only the natural rubber is being replaced by the MRE compound. Furthermore, the electromagnetic simulations wereconducted by using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software where the main aim is for more magnetic flux density in the MRE, which indicates better performances for MRE bushing in this study. The best configuration of the MRE bushing for this study is using single coil, magnetic material for all parts except for coil bobbin, and the thickness of ring plate of 4 mm, which yield the highest magnetic flux density of 0.205 T. By using this configuration, the dynamic stiffness of this MRE bushing is ranging from 2259.13 N/mm to 2671.06 N/mm with the applied currents of 0.5 A to 2.5 A and frequencies from 1 Hz to 15 Hz. All in all, the optimized configurations improve the performance of MRE bushing remarkably.
{"title":"Design and Dynamic Stiffness Evaluation of Magnetorheological Elastomer Bushing using FEMM and Dynamic Testing Machine","authors":"Mohamad Ihsan Abdul Hamid, S. Mazlan, N. Nordin, A. A. Abd Fatah, Ubaidillah -, F. Imaduddin, I. Ismail","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21078","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a simulation study on electromagnetic behaviour of magnetic flux density distribution in a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) bushing. The design concept of MRE bushing is based on the design of the bushing used in the conventional car, only the natural rubber is being replaced by the MRE compound. Furthermore, the electromagnetic simulations wereconducted by using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software where the main aim is for more magnetic flux density in the MRE, which indicates better performances for MRE bushing in this study. The best configuration of the MRE bushing for this study is using single coil, magnetic material for all parts except for coil bobbin, and the thickness of ring plate of 4 mm, which yield the highest magnetic flux density of 0.205 T. By using this configuration, the dynamic stiffness of this MRE bushing is ranging from 2259.13 N/mm to 2671.06 N/mm with the applied currents of 0.5 A to 2.5 A and frequencies from 1 Hz to 15 Hz. All in all, the optimized configurations improve the performance of MRE bushing remarkably.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75236029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21092
Rickey Santhanasamy, M. Sutanto
The engineering properties of a bitumen plays vital role in determining the suitability of the bitumen usage for a pavement structure. Presently, bituminous pavements in Malaysia are constantly subjected to high-speed loading of vehicles as well as increased pavement temperature due to extreme solar heat which causes rutting and fatigue failure issues. In this research, the 60/70 and 80/100 penetration grade bitumen were subjected to both physical and rheological testing. Physical testing was used to determine the softening point, ductility, penetration and penetration index value whereas rheological testing chiefly determined the engineering properties of the bitumen such as complex modulus and phase angle which interprets the stiffness and viscoelastic behavior. Physical testing results indicate that the 60/70 penetration grade bitumen possesses lower penetration value, higher softening point, adequate ductility and higher penetration index value compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen. Besides, rheological results show that the complex modulus and rutting factor of 60/70 bitumen indicates good stiffness towards temperature rise compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen, thus, posing better resistance towards permanent deformation. Additionally, the 60/70 penetration grade bitumen generally possesses better elasticity compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen which is observed through the phase angle determination.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Physical and Rheological Properties of 60/70 and 80/100 Penetration Grade Bitumen in Malaysia","authors":"Rickey Santhanasamy, M. Sutanto","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21092","url":null,"abstract":"The engineering properties of a bitumen plays vital role in determining the suitability of the bitumen usage for a pavement structure. Presently, bituminous pavements in Malaysia are constantly subjected to high-speed loading of vehicles as well as increased pavement temperature due to extreme solar heat which causes rutting and fatigue failure issues. In this research, the 60/70 and 80/100 penetration grade bitumen were subjected to both physical and rheological testing. Physical testing was used to determine the softening point, ductility, penetration and penetration index value whereas rheological testing chiefly determined the engineering properties of the bitumen such as complex modulus and phase angle which interprets the stiffness and viscoelastic behavior. Physical testing results indicate that the 60/70 penetration grade bitumen possesses lower penetration value, higher softening point, adequate ductility and higher penetration index value compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen. Besides, rheological results show that the complex modulus and rutting factor of 60/70 bitumen indicates good stiffness towards temperature rise compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen, thus, posing better resistance towards permanent deformation. Additionally, the 60/70 penetration grade bitumen generally possesses better elasticity compared to the 80/100 penetration grade bitumen which is observed through the phase angle determination.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21083
R. Ismail, Nurul Damia Sukati, Nurul Nabilah Moktar, Ainnur Zulsyamilatil Huda Abd Halim, Dayang Nur Erliyani Fitri Erwan, A. Ibrahim, Nor Azrita Mohd Amin, A. Adnan, A. Faisal
Dams are considered as vital assets for countries; therefore, the dam must be built to withstand natural disasters. However, the performance of the dam structure comes to attention since the Ranau earthquake occurrence in 2015 is the strongest earthquake recorded in Malaysia. The behavior of the dam became deteriorated across the year due to earthquake motion which caused damage to the dam. This study aims to assess the performance of Murum dam using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) which subjected was subjected to a set of 6 ground motion records scaled to increasing intensity levels by using ABAQUS. A different scale Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.05 g, 0.10 g, 0.15 g, 0.20 g, and 0.30 g were applied in this study. Based on the results, the cracking area increases when the acceleration increases due to the high tensile stress. The maximum displacement value was located at the crest part of the dam. The findings revealed that the concentration of stresses in the dam body, especially heel and neck. The maximum normal stress was found at the heel zone of the dam. The trend of maximum shear stress shows a fluctuated value when the scale PGA increased. This showed that the performance level of the dam based on seismic loadings depend on ground motion pattern.
{"title":"Seismic Performance Assessment of Murum Dam Under Various Seismic Event","authors":"R. Ismail, Nurul Damia Sukati, Nurul Nabilah Moktar, Ainnur Zulsyamilatil Huda Abd Halim, Dayang Nur Erliyani Fitri Erwan, A. Ibrahim, Nor Azrita Mohd Amin, A. Adnan, A. Faisal","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21083","url":null,"abstract":"Dams are considered as vital assets for countries; therefore, the dam must be built to withstand natural disasters. However, the performance of the dam structure comes to attention since the Ranau earthquake occurrence in 2015 is the strongest earthquake recorded in Malaysia. The behavior of the dam became deteriorated across the year due to earthquake motion which caused damage to the dam. This study aims to assess the performance of Murum dam using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) which subjected was subjected to a set of 6 ground motion records scaled to increasing intensity levels by using ABAQUS. A different scale Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.05 g, 0.10 g, 0.15 g, 0.20 g, and 0.30 g were applied in this study. Based on the results, the cracking area increases when the acceleration increases due to the high tensile stress. The maximum displacement value was located at the crest part of the dam. The findings revealed that the concentration of stresses in the dam body, especially heel and neck. The maximum normal stress was found at the heel zone of the dam. The trend of maximum shear stress shows a fluctuated value when the scale PGA increased. This showed that the performance level of the dam based on seismic loadings depend on ground motion pattern.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79399800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082
E. N. Abdul Latip, L. Coudron, M. Tracey
Digital microfluidics (DMF) as a platform for precise handling of liquid droplets is a powerful tool but the affordability of the device has been one of the hindrances to its wide implementation. This paper reports the development of DMF devices using low-cost materials and simple deposition techniques specifically for the device dielectric component. Three commercial polyurethane coatings were investigated for their feasibility as the dielectric layer. The electrowetting behaviour of these materials was investigated by evaluating the change in contact angle with applied voltage of a water droplet sitting on the dielectric samples prepared using easy deposition methods such as spraying and spin coating. Devices were then fabricated using these materials to evaluate their capability to actuate droplets. Five types of polyurethane dielectric sample exhibited contact angle reversibility with hysteresis ranging between 4° to 25° after 250 VDC application. Droplet transportation back and forth across 8 electrodes at 180 VRMS has been demonstrated in a device made of one of the polyurethane coatings using a spraying technique. This result implies the potential of using polyurethane for future development of low-cost and disposable DMF devices.
{"title":"Low-cost Polyurethane Coating as Dielectric Component in Digital Microfluidics","authors":"E. N. Abdul Latip, L. Coudron, M. Tracey","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21082","url":null,"abstract":"Digital microfluidics (DMF) as a platform for precise handling of liquid droplets is a powerful tool but the affordability of the device has been one of the hindrances to its wide implementation. This paper reports the development of DMF devices using low-cost materials and simple deposition techniques specifically for the device dielectric component. Three commercial polyurethane coatings were investigated for their feasibility as the dielectric layer. The electrowetting behaviour of these materials was investigated by evaluating the change in contact angle with applied voltage of a water droplet sitting on the dielectric samples prepared using easy deposition methods such as spraying and spin coating. Devices were then fabricated using these materials to evaluate their capability to actuate droplets. Five types of polyurethane dielectric sample exhibited contact angle reversibility with hysteresis ranging between 4° to 25° after 250 VDC application. Droplet transportation back and forth across 8 electrodes at 180 VRMS has been demonstrated in a device made of one of the polyurethane coatings using a spraying technique. This result implies the potential of using polyurethane for future development of low-cost and disposable DMF devices.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76177687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21077
N. Hussein, Gan Chin Ket, Toibah Abdul Rahim, M. N. Ayof, Muhammad Zaimi Zainal Abidin
The application of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in manufacturing has raised interest among researchers. In this paper, the introduction of additive manufacturing and wire arc additive manufacturing, various heat resources for WAAM, aluminium alloys, aluminium alloys ER4043, and performance evaluation of WAAM of ER4043 have been discussed in detail based on bead geometry, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties as well as the building path strategies, problems, and future directions. Based on this review, aluminium alloy 4043 (ER4043) is an Al-Si alloy frequently employed as a filler wire because it has superior fluidity and significantly fewer flaws in additively built structures. Next, dwell time and cooling efficiency during the WAAM process significantly affect bead geometry. Besides, a finer microstructure can be obtained with a better cooling rate. However, a coarser microstructure is obtained along with the increased deposition height due to heat accumulation and low solidification rate. Heat input is identified as the main cause of porosity, and CMT with a lower heat input is preferable and outperformed GTAW and GMAW in terms of mechanical properties.
{"title":"Process and Heat Resources for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Aluminium Alloy ER4043: A Review","authors":"N. Hussein, Gan Chin Ket, Toibah Abdul Rahim, M. N. Ayof, Muhammad Zaimi Zainal Abidin","doi":"10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21077","url":null,"abstract":"The application of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in manufacturing has raised interest among researchers. In this paper, the introduction of additive manufacturing and wire arc additive manufacturing, various heat resources for WAAM, aluminium alloys, aluminium alloys ER4043, and performance evaluation of WAAM of ER4043 have been discussed in detail based on bead geometry, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties as well as the building path strategies, problems, and future directions. Based on this review, aluminium alloy 4043 (ER4043) is an Al-Si alloy frequently employed as a filler wire because it has superior fluidity and significantly fewer flaws in additively built structures. Next, dwell time and cooling efficiency during the WAAM process significantly affect bead geometry. Besides, a finer microstructure can be obtained with a better cooling rate. However, a coarser microstructure is obtained along with the increased deposition height due to heat accumulation and low solidification rate. Heat input is identified as the main cause of porosity, and CMT with a lower heat input is preferable and outperformed GTAW and GMAW in terms of mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81646366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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