Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.7.0782
Anis Hamza, Issam Dridi, Kamel Bousnina, N. Ben yahia
The automotive industry focuses on developing advanced protection and stability control systems, particularly for suspension and steering, to enhance vehicle comfort, luxury, and safety. This research presents an intelligent controller for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) suspension systems based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology. The controller leverages ANN capabilities to optimize system performance. MATLAB simulations were conducted to evaluate its effectiveness under various disturbances. A comparative analysis compared the ANN regulator, classic ANFIS regulator, and passive performance in different disturbance scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate exceptional performance of the ANN-based controller in displacement reduction, speed, acceleration, and robustness. The controller effectively mitigates disturbances, enhancing overall suspension system performance. These findings highlight the advantages of employing ANN technology in ATV suspensions. This research contributes to intelligent control systems advancement in the automotive industry, specifically in ATV suspensions. The demonstrated improvements have the potential to enhance passenger comfort, vehicle stability, and safety across terrains. By implementing ANN-based controllers, automotive manufacturers can optimize suspension systems, leading to improved vehicle performance. Several indicators, including RMSE, MRE, and R2, were utilized to test and validate the models. The R2 values for the three quality parameters ranged from 0.989 to 0.999, indicating a high level of consistency in the predictions made by the ANN, a "5-12-1" structure is employed. The results of this study add to the expanding body of knowledge endorsing the efficacy of ANNs in simulating and optimizing quarter-vehicle dynamics.
汽车行业致力于开发先进的保护和稳定性控制系统，尤其是悬挂和转向系统，以提高车辆的舒适性、豪华性和安全性。本研究提出了一种基于人工神经网络（ANN）技术的全地形车（ATV）悬挂系统智能控制器。该控制器利用 ANN 功能优化系统性能。通过 MATLAB 仿真评估了其在各种干扰下的有效性。比较分析比较了 ANN 调节器、经典 ANFIS 调节器和不同干扰情况下的被动性能。仿真结果表明，基于 ANN 的控制器在位移减小、速度、加速度和鲁棒性方面表现出色。该控制器有效缓解了干扰，提高了悬挂系统的整体性能。这些研究结果凸显了在全地形车悬挂系统中采用 ANN 技术的优势。这项研究有助于推动汽车行业智能控制系统的发展，特别是在全地形车悬挂系统方面。所展示的改进有可能提高乘客的舒适度、车辆的稳定性和各种地形的安全性。通过实施基于 ANN 的控制器，汽车制造商可以优化悬挂系统，从而提高车辆性能。我们利用 RMSE、MRE 和 R2 等多个指标来测试和验证模型。三个质量参数的 R2 值介于 0.989 到 0.999 之间，表明采用 "5-12-1 "结构的 ANN 预测具有高度一致性。这项研究的结果为不断扩展的知识体系增添了新的内容，这些知识体系认可了方差网络在模拟和优化四分之一车辆动力学方面的功效。
{"title":"Active suspension for all-terrain vehicle with intelligent control using artificial neural networks","authors":"Anis Hamza, Issam Dridi, Kamel Bousnina, N. Ben yahia","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.7.0782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.7.0782","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry focuses on developing advanced protection and stability control systems, particularly for suspension and steering, to enhance vehicle comfort, luxury, and safety. This research presents an intelligent controller for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) suspension systems based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology. The controller leverages ANN capabilities to optimize system performance. MATLAB simulations were conducted to evaluate its effectiveness under various disturbances. A comparative analysis compared the ANN regulator, classic ANFIS regulator, and passive performance in different disturbance scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate exceptional performance of the ANN-based controller in displacement reduction, speed, acceleration, and robustness. The controller effectively mitigates disturbances, enhancing overall suspension system performance. These findings highlight the advantages of employing ANN technology in ATV suspensions. This research contributes to intelligent control systems advancement in the automotive industry, specifically in ATV suspensions. The demonstrated improvements have the potential to enhance passenger comfort, vehicle stability, and safety across terrains. By implementing ANN-based controllers, automotive manufacturers can optimize suspension systems, leading to improved vehicle performance. Several indicators, including RMSE, MRE, and R2, were utilized to test and validate the models. The R2 values for the three quality parameters ranged from 0.989 to 0.999, indicating a high level of consistency in the predictions made by the ANN, a \"5-12-1\" structure is employed. The results of this study add to the expanding body of knowledge endorsing the efficacy of ANNs in simulating and optimizing quarter-vehicle dynamics.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.5.0780
N. Ononiwu, Paul Ako, Chukwuemeka Anyaoha, Chibuzo Ikwuagwu, Ifeanyi Jacobs
Efficient waste management practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the negative environmental and health impacts of waste generation and disposal. One type of waste that has received particular attention is electronic waste (e-waste). This category of waste has the potential to cause significant environmental harm if not disposed of properly. The management of e-waste is crucial in the electrical/electronic industry which has led to the creation of models and institutional legislature to promote sustainable production processes. Among these processes, Additive manufacturing otherwise referred to as 3D printing is particularly effective in reducing waste generation and energy requirements by reusing spent parts and products as feedstock. Sustainability in the manufacturing and production sectors can be promoted through the inculcation of certain practices. Of these practices, reusing e-waste that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills has the potential to promote environmental cost savings. This article introduces the potential of e-waste being integrated into the manufacturing sector to promote sustainable production. The article also addresses the problem of geometric e-waste generation and suggests an efficient way of reusing waste from the electrical and electronic industries.
{"title":"Sustainable considerations in additive manufacturing processes: A review","authors":"N. Ononiwu, Paul Ako, Chukwuemeka Anyaoha, Chibuzo Ikwuagwu, Ifeanyi Jacobs","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.5.0780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.5.0780","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient waste management practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the negative environmental and health impacts of waste generation and disposal. One type of waste that has received particular attention is electronic waste (e-waste). This category of waste has the potential to cause significant environmental harm if not disposed of properly. The management of e-waste is crucial in the electrical/electronic industry which has led to the creation of models and institutional legislature to promote sustainable production processes. Among these processes, Additive manufacturing otherwise referred to as 3D printing is particularly effective in reducing waste generation and energy requirements by reusing spent parts and products as feedstock. Sustainability in the manufacturing and production sectors can be promoted through the inculcation of certain practices. Of these practices, reusing e-waste that would otherwise be disposed of in landfills has the potential to promote environmental cost savings. This article introduces the potential of e-waste being integrated into the manufacturing sector to promote sustainable production. The article also addresses the problem of geometric e-waste generation and suggests an efficient way of reusing waste from the electrical and electronic industries.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.3.0778
A. H. Abdullah, I. Tharazi, F. M. Salleh, N. H. A. Halim, Z. H. Solihin, Afeeqa Puteri Marzuki, K. Abdan
Kenaf fibre-reinforced polymer composites could offer low-cost, biodegradable, recyclable, and renewable materials. The hydrophilic kenaf fibres exhibit poor compatibility with the hydrophobic epoxy matrix as compared to their synthetic counterparts and ultimately, this may severely constrain their potential as a green composite material. This work aims to evaluate the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of kenaf fibre composites reinforced with two epoxy systems as matrices, B and M resins. Neat epoxy samples and kenaf-reinforced composites with varying fibre loading, 15% and 45% were fabricated in the study. It was found that the tensile properties of kenaf composites are dependent on the epoxy resin systems and higher with reinforcement content. The tensile strength of M-15% and M-45% are 16.3% and 12.0% stronger than their counterparts. Determination of interfacial shear strength using a modified micromechanical model was employed showing that M-45 has a higher value than B-45%, 107.09 kPa and 90.28 kPa respectively. By DMA, in general, an increase in the storage modulus and peak height in the loss modulus was always higher with kenaf composites that were manufactured with the M resin system. The adhesion factor, A calculated from tan delta curves and cole-cole plot has shown the state of fibre/matrix adhesion level in each epoxy resin system. The SEM analysis indicates the presence of void spaces around fibres and matrix may attributed to the lower compatibility of the B resins system used in kenaf composites fabrication.
槿麻纤维增强聚合物复合材料可以提供低成本、可生物降解、可回收和可再生的材料。与合成纤维相比，亲水性的剑麻纤维与疏水性的环氧树脂基体的相容性较差，这可能会严重制约其作为绿色复合材料的潜力。这项研究旨在评估以两种环氧树脂体系（B 树脂和 M 树脂）为基体增强的剑麻纤维复合材料的拉伸性能和动态机械分析（DMA）。研究中制作了纯环氧树脂样品和不同纤维负载量（15% 和 45%）的槿麻纤维增强复合材料。研究发现，槿叶复合材料的拉伸性能取决于环氧树脂体系，并且随着增强材料含量的增加而提高。M-15% 和 M-45% 的拉伸强度分别比同类产品高出 16.3% 和 12.0%。使用改进的微机械模型测定界面剪切强度表明，M-45 的值高于 B-45%，分别为 107.09 千帕和 90.28 千帕。通过 DMA 分析，一般来说，使用 M 树脂体系制造的槿麻复合材料的储存模量和损失模量峰值高度总是较高。根据 tan delta 曲线和科尔-科尔图计算得出的粘附系数 A 表明了每种环氧树脂体系中纤维/基体的粘附程度。扫描电子显微镜分析表明，纤维和基体周围存在空隙，这可能是由于在槿麻复合材料制造中使用的 B 树脂体系的兼容性较低。
{"title":"Tensile properties and dynamic mechanical analysis of kenaf/epoxy composites","authors":"A. H. Abdullah, I. Tharazi, F. M. Salleh, N. H. A. Halim, Z. H. Solihin, Afeeqa Puteri Marzuki, K. Abdan","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.3.0778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.3.0778","url":null,"abstract":"Kenaf fibre-reinforced polymer composites could offer low-cost, biodegradable, recyclable, and renewable materials. The hydrophilic kenaf fibres exhibit poor compatibility with the hydrophobic epoxy matrix as compared to their synthetic counterparts and ultimately, this may severely constrain their potential as a green composite material. This work aims to evaluate the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of kenaf fibre composites reinforced with two epoxy systems as matrices, B and M resins. Neat epoxy samples and kenaf-reinforced composites with varying fibre loading, 15% and 45% were fabricated in the study. It was found that the tensile properties of kenaf composites are dependent on the epoxy resin systems and higher with reinforcement content. The tensile strength of M-15% and M-45% are 16.3% and 12.0% stronger than their counterparts. Determination of interfacial shear strength using a modified micromechanical model was employed showing that M-45 has a higher value than B-45%, 107.09 kPa and 90.28 kPa respectively. By DMA, in general, an increase in the storage modulus and peak height in the loss modulus was always higher with kenaf composites that were manufactured with the M resin system. The adhesion factor, A calculated from tan delta curves and cole-cole plot has shown the state of fibre/matrix adhesion level in each epoxy resin system. The SEM analysis indicates the presence of void spaces around fibres and matrix may attributed to the lower compatibility of the B resins system used in kenaf composites fabrication.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.10.0785
Guan He, H. H. Teo, L. K. Moey
This paper assesses the efficacy of intelligent path planning for welding robots utilizing splines. Traditional path planning methods can result in inefficient and inaccurate welding operations. The study reviews current research and case studies to appraise the practical application of spline-based path planning across diverse industrial scenarios. It underscores the benefits of discovering the shortest path and reducing cycle time while acknowledging challenges such as calibration accuracy and sensitivity to sensor data noise. The introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms in automobile welding path planning enables a more precise replication of the body's design curve, ensuring the continuity and smoothness of the welding process. This, in turn, fosters further automation and optimization of the automotive welding manufacturing process. The current research concentrates on integrating intelligent optimization algorithms and spline curves to provide an efficient and intelligent method for welding path planning. Intelligent path planning based on spline curves demonstrates significant potential in enhancing welding efficiency, determining the shortest path, and holds promising applications in the broader research field of welding path planning.
{"title":"Review of path planning of welding robot based on spline curve","authors":"Guan He, H. H. Teo, L. K. Moey","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.10.0785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.10.0785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the efficacy of intelligent path planning for welding robots utilizing splines. Traditional path planning methods can result in inefficient and inaccurate welding operations. The study reviews current research and case studies to appraise the practical application of spline-based path planning across diverse industrial scenarios. It underscores the benefits of discovering the shortest path and reducing cycle time while acknowledging challenges such as calibration accuracy and sensitivity to sensor data noise. The introduction of artificial intelligence algorithms in automobile welding path planning enables a more precise replication of the body's design curve, ensuring the continuity and smoothness of the welding process. This, in turn, fosters further automation and optimization of the automotive welding manufacturing process. The current research concentrates on integrating intelligent optimization algorithms and spline curves to provide an efficient and intelligent method for welding path planning. Intelligent path planning based on spline curves demonstrates significant potential in enhancing welding efficiency, determining the shortest path, and holds promising applications in the broader research field of welding path planning.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.4.0779
Asad Munir, M. F. Razali, A. Mahmud, Chinwei Ng, Sana Zulfiqar
Superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are now commonly used as the standard archwire during the orthodontic alignment and levelling stage. They are preferred due to their ability to apply minimal force on teeth while allowing for a wide range of tooth movements. During orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist assesses the dimension and shape of the NiTi archwire to determine the amount and direction of force required to align misaligned teeth. The main contribution of this study is the parametric analysis and establishment of a set of optimal ageing temperatures and duration for the investigation of functionally graded nickel-titanium archwire using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile deformation testing. The mechanical and thermal phase transformation behavior after ageing at six temperatures for duration of 15 minutes have been investigated using tensile deformation test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test in this paper. Experimental results reveal that in thermal analysis as the ageing temperatures increase from 400 °C to 490 °C, the austenite finish temperature rises to a value between 9.53 °C and 35.48 °C, and subsequently decreases to 520 °C. The archwire specimen aged for temperature of 490 °C exhibited the austenite finish temperature of around 35.48 °C, and it is highest among the aged wire specimens closest to oral temperature. In tensile deformation, the ideal ageing temperature for orthodontic applications was determined to be 490 °C for 15 minutes, resulting in relatively low plateau slope 13.73 GPa with high superelatic ratio 12.04, and maximum plateau strain of 7 %.
{"title":"Optimizing ageing conditions for commercial NiTi archwires: Insights from thermal phase transformation and tensile deformation analysis","authors":"Asad Munir, M. F. Razali, A. Mahmud, Chinwei Ng, Sana Zulfiqar","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.4.0779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.4.0779","url":null,"abstract":"Superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are now commonly used as the standard archwire during the orthodontic alignment and levelling stage. They are preferred due to their ability to apply minimal force on teeth while allowing for a wide range of tooth movements. During orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist assesses the dimension and shape of the NiTi archwire to determine the amount and direction of force required to align misaligned teeth. The main contribution of this study is the parametric analysis and establishment of a set of optimal ageing temperatures and duration for the investigation of functionally graded nickel-titanium archwire using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile deformation testing. The mechanical and thermal phase transformation behavior after ageing at six temperatures for duration of 15 minutes have been investigated using tensile deformation test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test in this paper. Experimental results reveal that in thermal analysis as the ageing temperatures increase from 400 °C to 490 °C, the austenite finish temperature rises to a value between 9.53 °C and 35.48 °C, and subsequently decreases to 520 °C. The archwire specimen aged for temperature of 490 °C exhibited the austenite finish temperature of around 35.48 °C, and it is highest among the aged wire specimens closest to oral temperature. In tensile deformation, the ideal ageing temperature for orthodontic applications was determined to be 490 °C for 15 minutes, resulting in relatively low plateau slope 13.73 GPa with high superelatic ratio 12.04, and maximum plateau strain of 7 %.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.6.0781
Asad Khalid, S. M. Rohaizan
Quasi static axial compression loading on tri-tubular cone (TC) has been carried out using LS-DYNA finite element analysis method. Tri-tubular cones of three arrangements; the first arrangement (model TC-1) consists of cone heights of 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm where the inner cone is the maximum height. The second arrangement (model TC-2) consists of cone heights of 100 mm, 75 mm, and 50 mm where the outer cone is the maximum height. The third arrangement (model TC-3) consists of three cones of the same height of 100 mm. Cone semi vertex angle of 20o was maintained for all tri-tubular cones tested. Materials used for this research are glass, jute and jute-glass/epoxy. Crashworthiness analyses were performed to investigate the effect of material used, and tri-tubular cone arrangement on peak load. Crush efficiency, and absorbed energy were drawn and discussed. Failure mechanism of the fractured specimens was also discussed. Effect of number of layers and fiber stacking sequence were also investigated. Results show that the cone arrangement TC-3 gives better performance than the cone arrangement TC-2 followed by the cone arrangement TC-1. Maximum load obtained by tri-tubular cone type TC-3 was found higher 7.09% and 14.96% than TC-2 and TC-1 respectively for glass/epoxy. Material saving was achieved by using tri-tubular cones of different heights under compression. Material used has significant influence on the absorbed energy. Failure mode of tri-tubular conical energy absorber was presented and discussed.
{"title":"Performance of tri-tubular conical energy absorber under axial compression","authors":"Asad Khalid, S. M. Rohaizan","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.6.0781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.6.0781","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi static axial compression loading on tri-tubular cone (TC) has been carried out using LS-DYNA finite element analysis method. Tri-tubular cones of three arrangements; the first arrangement (model TC-1) consists of cone heights of 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm where the inner cone is the maximum height. The second arrangement (model TC-2) consists of cone heights of 100 mm, 75 mm, and 50 mm where the outer cone is the maximum height. The third arrangement (model TC-3) consists of three cones of the same height of 100 mm. Cone semi vertex angle of 20o was maintained for all tri-tubular cones tested. Materials used for this research are glass, jute and jute-glass/epoxy. Crashworthiness analyses were performed to investigate the effect of material used, and tri-tubular cone arrangement on peak load. Crush efficiency, and absorbed energy were drawn and discussed. Failure mechanism of the fractured specimens was also discussed. Effect of number of layers and fiber stacking sequence were also investigated. Results show that the cone arrangement TC-3 gives better performance than the cone arrangement TC-2 followed by the cone arrangement TC-1. Maximum load obtained by tri-tubular cone type TC-3 was found higher 7.09% and 14.96% than TC-2 and TC-1 respectively for glass/epoxy. Material saving was achieved by using tri-tubular cones of different heights under compression. Material used has significant influence on the absorbed energy. Failure mode of tri-tubular conical energy absorber was presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.8.0783
Noor Syahadah Yussoff, Nik Roselina Nik Roseley, N. H. Saad, A. Bushroa, J. K. Katiyar
Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when refined metal is converted into a more stable form, such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. Wear is the failure of a surface due to dynamic contact between two surfaces. In offshore operations and environments, corrosion and wear are major problems due to the presence of corrosive and abrasive elements. The coating is a common surface protection method that enhances corrosion resistance and prolongs lifespan. In this work, a Ni-Graphene nanocomposite coating was fabricated using the electrodeposition method. This work aimed to fabricate a Ni-GO nanocomposite coating on mild steel with different surface roughness, to characterize the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the coating, and to investigate its corrosion and wear rate. The fabrication process involved preparing substrates coated with Ni-GO nanocomposite through a 45-minute constant current electrodeposition process. The coated specimens were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction Machine (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Alicona Infinite Focus, Vicker’s Hardness Test, Raman spectroscopy, and Adhesion test. The corrosion and wear rate of the coatings were investigated using a Slurry Erosion tester and Salt Water spray, respectively. The results showed that the Ni-Go nanocomposite coating on a smooth surface roughness substrate achieved the highest microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, with values of 468.8 HV, 0.182% weight loss, and 0.03% weight gain, respectively. This indicates that the specimen coated with a smooth surface roughness substrate provided better coating performance than the rough and medium surface roughness substrates.
{"title":"Effect of substrate’s surface roughness on corrosion and wear rate of Ni-GO nanocomposite coating","authors":"Noor Syahadah Yussoff, Nik Roselina Nik Roseley, N. H. Saad, A. Bushroa, J. K. Katiyar","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.8.0783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.8.0783","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when refined metal is converted into a more stable form, such as oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. Wear is the failure of a surface due to dynamic contact between two surfaces. In offshore operations and environments, corrosion and wear are major problems due to the presence of corrosive and abrasive elements. The coating is a common surface protection method that enhances corrosion resistance and prolongs lifespan. In this work, a Ni-Graphene nanocomposite coating was fabricated using the electrodeposition method. This work aimed to fabricate a Ni-GO nanocomposite coating on mild steel with different surface roughness, to characterize the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the coating, and to investigate its corrosion and wear rate. The fabrication process involved preparing substrates coated with Ni-GO nanocomposite through a 45-minute constant current electrodeposition process. The coated specimens were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction Machine (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Alicona Infinite Focus, Vicker’s Hardness Test, Raman spectroscopy, and Adhesion test. The corrosion and wear rate of the coatings were investigated using a Slurry Erosion tester and Salt Water spray, respectively. The results showed that the Ni-Go nanocomposite coating on a smooth surface roughness substrate achieved the highest microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, with values of 468.8 HV, 0.182% weight loss, and 0.03% weight gain, respectively. This indicates that the specimen coated with a smooth surface roughness substrate provided better coating performance than the rough and medium surface roughness substrates.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.9.0784
W. M. Hairudin, Mohamed Nur Hidayat Mat, Lu Ean Ooi, N. A. Ismail
Wind-induced noise (aeroacoustic) can cause problem with any outdoor microphone applications, notably impacting the performance of telecommunication mobile. One prominent source in two way radios is the microphone port cavity. In this article, the noise characteristics behaviour is studied at scale-up of microphone port cavity through computational aero-accoustics (CAA) numerical simulation and experimental test. This research aims to investigate the wind-induced noise (aeroacoustic) generated inside the microphone port cavity at various wind orientation angles (wind direction) and distance radii, r. A direct-hybrid co-simulation CAA method, utilizing the LES-WALE (Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity) and Ffowcs William-Hawking (FW-H) models, is employed to obtain the near-field noise source and far-field noise patterns inside a microphone port cavity. The simulations are conducted using the scFLOW2Actran software. Richardson extrapolation and Grid Convergence Index (GCI) are applied to evaluate the accuracy of the grid independency in numerical simulations.The findings reveal that the leading edge, centre and trailing edge are the primary noise sources and generations inside a microphone port. The study indicates that the noise level in the microphone port cavity is characterized by low frequency noise.The results indicates that at an observation of angles of 0° and distance radii of 0.2 m, the wind noise level is higher compared to other orientation angle and distance radii. This can be attributed to the proximity to the noise source at this location. The directivity pattern of noise propagation exhibits a typical dipole pattern observed at observation angles of 0° to 45°. Numerical results align well with the experimental results from the wind tunnel test, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach for flow-acoustic coupling application. This research holds significant value for engineers as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the physical phenomena involved in microphone port design.
{"title":"Co-simulation approach for computational aero-acoustic modeling: Investigating wind-induced noise within two-way radio microphone ports cavity","authors":"W. M. Hairudin, Mohamed Nur Hidayat Mat, Lu Ean Ooi, N. A. Ismail","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.9.0784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.9.0784","url":null,"abstract":"Wind-induced noise (aeroacoustic) can cause problem with any outdoor microphone applications, notably impacting the performance of telecommunication mobile. One prominent source in two way radios is the microphone port cavity. In this article, the noise characteristics behaviour is studied at scale-up of microphone port cavity through computational aero-accoustics (CAA) numerical simulation and experimental test. This research aims to investigate the wind-induced noise (aeroacoustic) generated inside the microphone port cavity at various wind orientation angles (wind direction) and distance radii, r. A direct-hybrid co-simulation CAA method, utilizing the LES-WALE (Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity) and Ffowcs William-Hawking (FW-H) models, is employed to obtain the near-field noise source and far-field noise patterns inside a microphone port cavity. The simulations are conducted using the scFLOW2Actran software. Richardson extrapolation and Grid Convergence Index (GCI) are applied to evaluate the accuracy of the grid independency in numerical simulations.The findings reveal that the leading edge, centre and trailing edge are the primary noise sources and generations inside a microphone port. The study indicates that the noise level in the microphone port cavity is characterized by low frequency noise.The results indicates that at an observation of angles of 0° and distance radii of 0.2 m, the wind noise level is higher compared to other orientation angle and distance radii. This can be attributed to the proximity to the noise source at this location. The directivity pattern of noise propagation exhibits a typical dipole pattern observed at observation angles of 0° to 45°. Numerical results align well with the experimental results from the wind tunnel test, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach for flow-acoustic coupling application. This research holds significant value for engineers as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the physical phenomena involved in microphone port design.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.1.0776
N. Q. Radzuan, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, M. Omar, K. A. Abu Kassim
The convenience of online shopping has increased access to a vast array of helmet options and deals for motorcyclists. However, the e-commerce enables an influx of unverified and potentially hazardous helmets lacking the rigorous quality control into the market, hence, placing unaware bargain seekers at risk. The non-certified variants questions in terms of impact protection abilities because they visually look similar to certified helmets. This study compared certified full face and open face helmets against their non-certified counterparts by analysing injury predictor metrics. Using a test rig simulating 5.58 ± 0.29 m/s impacts, an anthropomorphic test device wearing both helmet types and certification statuses measured peak resultant linear and angular accelerations, head injury criterion alongside brain injury criteria scores. The data revealed comparable side and rear impact performance between non-certified and certified helmets. However, frontal impacts exposed deficiencies without certification. The non-certified full face helmets registered over twice the peak linear acceleration of certified while open face types still exceeded certified by 40% in frontal impacts. Additionally, non-certified full face helmets indicated up to 100% predicted concussion risks in side and frontal crashes based on the angular accelerations. The poorer frontal impact and elevated injury odds demonstrate certification's key safety advantages that certification should not be ignored while it still providing more protection than no helmet. However, individual needs to carefully select helmets due to performance differences of helmets. Riders should ultimately prioritize proven protection given the severe consequences of head trauma though non-certified may suffice for some low-risk environments.
{"title":"The influence of helmet certification in motorcycle helmets protective performance","authors":"N. Q. Radzuan, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, M. Omar, K. A. Abu Kassim","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.1.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.1.0776","url":null,"abstract":"The convenience of online shopping has increased access to a vast array of helmet options and deals for motorcyclists. However, the e-commerce enables an influx of unverified and potentially hazardous helmets lacking the rigorous quality control into the market, hence, placing unaware bargain seekers at risk. The non-certified variants questions in terms of impact protection abilities because they visually look similar to certified helmets. This study compared certified full face and open face helmets against their non-certified counterparts by analysing injury predictor metrics. Using a test rig simulating 5.58 ± 0.29 m/s impacts, an anthropomorphic test device wearing both helmet types and certification statuses measured peak resultant linear and angular accelerations, head injury criterion alongside brain injury criteria scores. The data revealed comparable side and rear impact performance between non-certified and certified helmets. However, frontal impacts exposed deficiencies without certification. The non-certified full face helmets registered over twice the peak linear acceleration of certified while open face types still exceeded certified by 40% in frontal impacts. Additionally, non-certified full face helmets indicated up to 100% predicted concussion risks in side and frontal crashes based on the angular accelerations. The poorer frontal impact and elevated injury odds demonstrate certification's key safety advantages that certification should not be ignored while it still providing more protection than no helmet. However, individual needs to carefully select helmets due to performance differences of helmets. Riders should ultimately prioritize proven protection given the severe consequences of head trauma though non-certified may suffice for some low-risk environments.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.11.0786
Mohammad Sojon Beg, Muhammad Yusri Ismail
The effectiveness of object detection systems in diverse driving environments is crucial in the growing field of automotive safety. The increasing frequency of traffic accidents, especially at busy intersections with heavy traffic and limited visibility, highlights the pressing requirement for advanced vehicle detection systems. Prior to implementing the real-time experiment, it is advisable first to conduct a simulation in order to gain a deeper understanding of the practical implementation in real-time scenarios. On the other hand, this approach has the potential to reduce both time and cost significantly. The system utilised a software-based solution by implementing the CARLA simulator. This study aims to analyse vehicle detection at T-junctions, cross-junctions, and roundabouts using image data obtained from the CARLA platform. Subsequent analysis differentiates between vehicles and non-vehicle objects in the dataset. The model concludes by proposing Python-based integrative solutions to enhance object detection systems for diverse roads and atmospheric situations. The significance of this study is evaluating the probability of accidents by tracking key factors like vehicle speed, distance, and density on various road types. In future research, it will be essential to investigate how different weather conditions, including rain, haze, and low-light scenarios, affect on sensor performance, specifically LiDAR sensors. Advanced machine learning techniques are proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vehicle detection system in collecting key parameters like vehicle count, speed, and distance in junction and roundabout scenarios. These findings have important implications for the advancement of more efficient, context-aware detection systems in the automotive sector.
在不断发展的汽车安全领域，不同驾驶环境中物体检测系统的有效性至关重要。日益频繁的交通事故，尤其是在交通繁忙、能见度有限的十字路口，凸显了对先进车辆检测系统的迫切需求。在实施实时实验之前，最好先进行模拟实验，以便更深入地了解在实时场景中的实际实施情况。另一方面，这种方法有可能大大减少时间和成本。该系统通过实施 CARLA 模拟器，采用了基于软件的解决方案。本研究旨在利用从 CARLA 平台获取的图像数据，分析 T 字路口、十字路口和环岛的车辆检测情况。随后的分析区分了数据集中的车辆和非车辆物体。模型最后提出了基于 Python 的综合解决方案，以增强适用于不同道路和大气环境的物体检测系统。这项研究的意义在于通过跟踪各种道路类型上的车辆速度、距离和密度等关键因素来评估事故发生的概率。在未来的研究中，有必要调查不同天气条件（包括雨天、雾霾和弱光场景）对传感器性能的影响，特别是对激光雷达传感器的影响。我们提出了先进的机器学习技术，以评估车辆检测系统在收集路口和环岛场景中车辆数量、速度和距离等关键参数方面的有效性。这些发现对于在汽车领域开发更高效的情境感知检测系统具有重要意义。
{"title":"Investigation of collision estimation with vehicle and pedestrian using CARLA simulation software","authors":"Mohammad Sojon Beg, Muhammad Yusri Ismail","doi":"10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.11.0786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.18.1.2024.11.0786","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of object detection systems in diverse driving environments is crucial in the growing field of automotive safety. The increasing frequency of traffic accidents, especially at busy intersections with heavy traffic and limited visibility, highlights the pressing requirement for advanced vehicle detection systems. Prior to implementing the real-time experiment, it is advisable first to conduct a simulation in order to gain a deeper understanding of the practical implementation in real-time scenarios. On the other hand, this approach has the potential to reduce both time and cost significantly. The system utilised a software-based solution by implementing the CARLA simulator. This study aims to analyse vehicle detection at T-junctions, cross-junctions, and roundabouts using image data obtained from the CARLA platform. Subsequent analysis differentiates between vehicles and non-vehicle objects in the dataset. The model concludes by proposing Python-based integrative solutions to enhance object detection systems for diverse roads and atmospheric situations. The significance of this study is evaluating the probability of accidents by tracking key factors like vehicle speed, distance, and density on various road types. In future research, it will be essential to investigate how different weather conditions, including rain, haze, and low-light scenarios, affect on sensor performance, specifically LiDAR sensors. Advanced machine learning techniques are proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vehicle detection system in collecting key parameters like vehicle count, speed, and distance in junction and roundabout scenarios. These findings have important implications for the advancement of more efficient, context-aware detection systems in the automotive sector.","PeriodicalId":16166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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