Stirling and its control of the Forth river crossings is often considered to be the most strategic location in Scotland. Current historiography suggests a restricted set of crossing points over the River Forth with a focus on the Fords of Frew as the only viable crossing point to the west of Stirling. This paper contrasts the historiography of the river crossings at the Forth and its tributaries (The Teith, The Allan Water and the Goodie Water) with the reality as recorded from a variety of sources: maps, historical accounts, military engagements between the Wars of Independence and the 1745 Rising, and site visits by the author. Attention is focussed on the publication of William Watson’s 1916 Rhind Lecture to this Society published in 1926 as The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. This volume misnames, confuses and aggrandises fording points at Frew (the Fords of Frew) which has been followed by subsequent scholars. In turn this led to a limited understanding of how the various rivers were crossed. This study reveals a variety of possible options rather than the assumed limited and restricted crossing points. The two main crossing points are identified (Drip and Abbey fords) and their origins and histories summarised.
斯特林及其对福斯河渡口的控制通常被认为是苏格兰最具战略意义的地点。目前的史料表明，福斯河的渡河点有限，重点是弗鲁河，因为它是斯特林以西唯一可行的渡河点。本文将福斯河及其支流（蒂斯河、艾伦河和古迪河）渡河点的史料与各种资料来源（地图、历史记载、独立战争和 1745 年起义之间的军事交战以及作者的实地考察）所记录的实际情况进行对比。威廉-沃森（William Watson）1916 年在本协会发表的《莱茵讲座》（Rhind Lecture）于 1926 年出版，名为《苏格兰凯尔特地名史》（The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland）。这本书错误地命名、混淆和夸大了弗鲁的岔道点（弗鲁的福兹），这也被后来的学者所沿用。这反过来又导致人们对各种河流的渡河方式了解有限。本研究揭示了多种可能的选择，而不是假设的有限的渡河点。我们确定了两个主要的渡河点（滴水峡和修道院峡），并总结了它们的起源和历史。
{"title":"Back and Forth","authors":"Murray Cook","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1385","url":null,"abstract":"Stirling and its control of the Forth river crossings is often considered to be the most strategic location in Scotland. Current historiography suggests a restricted set of crossing points over the River Forth with a focus on the Fords of Frew as the only viable crossing point to the west of Stirling. This paper contrasts the historiography of the river crossings at the Forth and its tributaries (The Teith, The Allan Water and the Goodie Water) with the reality as recorded from a variety of sources: maps, historical accounts, military engagements between the Wars of Independence and the 1745 Rising, and site visits by the author. Attention is focussed on the publication of William Watson’s 1916 Rhind Lecture to this Society published in 1926 as The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. This volume misnames, confuses and aggrandises fording points at Frew (the Fords of Frew) which has been followed by subsequent scholars. In turn this led to a limited understanding of how the various rivers were crossed. This study reveals a variety of possible options rather than the assumed limited and restricted crossing points. The two main crossing points are identified (Drip and Abbey fords) and their origins and histories summarised.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"106 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo Anderson-Whymark, Anwen Cooper, Crispin Flower, Duncan Garrow, Melanie Giles, Susan Hamilton, Maya Hoole, Susan Kruse, Leanne McCafferty, Bruce Mann
From enigmatic carved stone balls to the patched breeches of an 18th-century bog body, many archaeological finds from Scotland are, without doubt, fabulous. Through these objects and the practices they embody, we can imagine alternative ways of living and thinking, wonder at past people’s ingenuity and skill, and revisit significant moments in our own lives. Archaeological finds are also often fragile, scattered across diverse locations, and often difficult to access or find out about following their initial discovery. Only very few archaeological objects make it into museum displays where they can be widely enjoyed. In economically and socially challenging times, even these items can be hard to reach. Linking into wider moves to improve access to heritage collections in Scotland and across the UK, the Boundary Objects Project celebrated captivating archaeological objects from Scotland and the diverse sets of people involved in their discovery. Contemporary digital technologies and the goodwill, skills and energy of a wide set of archaeological professionals, students and enthusiasts were harnessed in order to improve access to information to scattered digital records relating to archaeological objects and sites, to raise the prominence of these items in existing community-led heritage initiatives, and to engage diverse audiences in actively enjoying them. This paper summarises work on the Boundary Objects Project – a collaboration between the universities of Reading and Manchester in partnership with Historic Environment Scotland (HES) and National Museums Scotland (NMS) – in the context of wider multi-stranded moves to build a better future for archaeological finds in and well beyond Scotland.
{"title":"Making finds matter","authors":"Hugo Anderson-Whymark, Anwen Cooper, Crispin Flower, Duncan Garrow, Melanie Giles, Susan Hamilton, Maya Hoole, Susan Kruse, Leanne McCafferty, Bruce Mann","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1375","url":null,"abstract":"From enigmatic carved stone balls to the patched breeches of an 18th-century bog body, many archaeological finds from Scotland are, without doubt, fabulous. Through these objects and the practices they embody, we can imagine alternative ways of living and thinking, wonder at past people’s ingenuity and skill, and revisit significant moments in our own lives. Archaeological finds are also often fragile, scattered across diverse locations, and often difficult to access or find out about following their initial discovery. Only very few archaeological objects make it into museum displays where they can be widely enjoyed. In economically and socially challenging times, even these items can be hard to reach. Linking into wider moves to improve access to heritage collections in Scotland and across the UK, the Boundary Objects Project celebrated captivating archaeological objects from Scotland and the diverse sets of people involved in their discovery. Contemporary digital technologies and the goodwill, skills and energy of a wide set of archaeological professionals, students and enthusiasts were harnessed in order to improve access to information to scattered digital records relating to archaeological objects and sites, to raise the prominence of these items in existing community-led heritage initiatives, and to engage diverse audiences in actively enjoying them. This paper summarises work on the Boundary Objects Project – a collaboration between the universities of Reading and Manchester in partnership with Historic Environment Scotland (HES) and National Museums Scotland (NMS) – in the context of wider multi-stranded moves to build a better future for archaeological finds in and well beyond Scotland.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Saunders, Inés López-Dóriga, Ed Treasure, Rachael Seager Smith, Ruth Shaffrey, Christopher Swales, Andrew Valdez-Tullett
Wessex Archaeology completed archaeological investigations on the Onshore Transmission Works for the Neart na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm between 2015 and 2021. These included geophysical survey, evaluation trenching, targeted strip, map and sample excavations, and watching briefs on the cable route and associated infrastructure between the landfall at Thorntonloch and the grid connection at Crystal Rig II Wind Farm, both in East Lothian. The investigations found that few archaeological features were present within the section of the cable route within the coastal plain between Thorntonloch and Innerwick, and within the upland area approaching Crystal Rig (excluding the medieval township of Boonslie). Features relating to a wide range of periods, dominated by the prehistoric, were found within the transitional zone to the south-west of Innerwick between the Lammermuir foothills and the coastal plain. These included an Early Neolithic pit cluster and possible trackway, pits dated to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, and a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pit alignment. Within the immediate area of the pit alignment there was also evidence for later Iron Age and early medieval occupation. The cable route was designed to avoid the extant remains of Boonslie, an upland medieval township around the headwaters of the Boonslie Burn, but some previously undetected earthworks were uncovered and investigated, as well as the earliest dated feature found in the works: a pit containing burnt material dating to the Mesolithic. The excavations also uncovered evidence for the deliberate landscaping of agricultural fields during the post-medieval and modern period to give a greater area of cultivatable terrain.
{"title":"In the shadow of the Lammermuirs","authors":"Ben Saunders, Inés López-Dóriga, Ed Treasure, Rachael Seager Smith, Ruth Shaffrey, Christopher Swales, Andrew Valdez-Tullett","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1359","url":null,"abstract":"Wessex Archaeology completed archaeological investigations on the Onshore Transmission Works for the Neart na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm between 2015 and 2021. These included geophysical survey, evaluation trenching, targeted strip, map and sample excavations, and watching briefs on the cable route and associated infrastructure between the landfall at Thorntonloch and the grid connection at Crystal Rig II Wind Farm, both in East Lothian. The investigations found that few archaeological features were present within the section of the cable route within the coastal plain between Thorntonloch and Innerwick, and within the upland area approaching Crystal Rig (excluding the medieval township of Boonslie). Features relating to a wide range of periods, dominated by the prehistoric, were found within the transitional zone to the south-west of Innerwick between the Lammermuir foothills and the coastal plain. These included an Early Neolithic pit cluster and possible trackway, pits dated to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, and a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pit alignment. Within the immediate area of the pit alignment there was also evidence for later Iron Age and early medieval occupation. The cable route was designed to avoid the extant remains of Boonslie, an upland medieval township around the headwaters of the Boonslie Burn, but some previously undetected earthworks were uncovered and investigated, as well as the earliest dated feature found in the works: a pit containing burnt material dating to the Mesolithic. The excavations also uncovered evidence for the deliberate landscaping of agricultural fields during the post-medieval and modern period to give a greater area of cultivatable terrain.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new site in north Skye has revealed evidence of human occupation from the Late Upper Palaeolithic as well as the Early and Late Mesolithic periods, suggesting repeated visits by humans for at least 5,000 years from the Late Glacial Interstadial through the Loch Lomond Readvance and up to the mid-Holocene, a time of dynamic climatic and sea-level change. South Cuidrach is one of several sites in the north of the Isle of Skye and around the Inner Sound with lithic (stone tool) evidence diagnostic of a human presence before the mid-Holocene. These sites currently represent a unique concentration of pre-Late Mesolithic sites in Scotland. The lithic evidence which forms the backbone of the cultural and temporal characterisation of the site at South Cuidrach is outlined here. This includes characteristic points and microliths, burins, cores and other items diagnostic of specific cultural groups. Additionally, it has become evident that Rum bloodstone, a raw material well known from the Late Mesolithic period in the region, may be absent before the Early/Late Mesolithic transition, with baked mudstone from Staffin in North Skye being the primary raw material used before this time. The need for detailed knowledge of the region’s lithic technology and typology is well illustrated here, as small details frequently reflect important chronological differences.
{"title":"South Cuidrach","authors":"Karen Hardy, T. Ballin","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1367","url":null,"abstract":"A new site in north Skye has revealed evidence of human occupation from the Late Upper Palaeolithic as well as the Early and Late Mesolithic periods, suggesting repeated visits by humans for at least 5,000 years from the Late Glacial Interstadial through the Loch Lomond Readvance and up to the mid-Holocene, a time of dynamic climatic and sea-level change. South Cuidrach is one of several sites in the north of the Isle of Skye and around the Inner Sound with lithic (stone tool) evidence diagnostic of a human presence before the mid-Holocene. These sites currently represent a unique concentration of pre-Late Mesolithic sites in Scotland. The lithic evidence which forms the backbone of the cultural and temporal characterisation of the site at South Cuidrach is outlined here. This includes characteristic points and microliths, burins, cores and other items diagnostic of specific cultural groups. Additionally, it has become evident that Rum bloodstone, a raw material well known from the Late Mesolithic period in the region, may be absent before the Early/Late Mesolithic transition, with baked mudstone from Staffin in North Skye being the primary raw material used before this time. The need for detailed knowledge of the region’s lithic technology and typology is well illustrated here, as small details frequently reflect important chronological differences.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A unique bridle bit found at Lochlea crannog, South Ayrshire appears to show a fusion of traditional local Iron Age technology with Continental early medieval styling, specifically the influence of Frankish horsemanship (hereafter equitation) and equipment (hereafter lorinery and tack). The re-examination of the Lochlea bit allows consideration of Scotland’s connections to early medieval Francia as well as highlighting the archaeological potential of the artefacts found at Lochlea, with emphasis on a modern examination of the chronology of the site.
{"title":"Let’s be Frank","authors":"Rena Maguire","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1386","url":null,"abstract":"A unique bridle bit found at Lochlea crannog, South Ayrshire appears to show a fusion of traditional local Iron Age technology with Continental early medieval styling, specifically the influence of Frankish horsemanship (hereafter equitation) and equipment (hereafter lorinery and tack). The re-examination of the Lochlea bit allows consideration of Scotland’s connections to early medieval Francia as well as highlighting the archaeological potential of the artefacts found at Lochlea, with emphasis on a modern examination of the chronology of the site.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"58 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new site in north Skye has revealed evidence of human occupation from the Late Upper Palaeolithic as well as the Early and Late Mesolithic periods, suggesting repeated visits by humans for at least 5,000 years from the Late Glacial Interstadial through the Loch Lomond Readvance and up to the mid-Holocene, a time of dynamic climatic and sea-level change. South Cuidrach is one of several sites in the north of the Isle of Skye and around the Inner Sound with lithic (stone tool) evidence diagnostic of a human presence before the mid-Holocene. These sites currently represent a unique concentration of pre-Late Mesolithic sites in Scotland. The lithic evidence which forms the backbone of the cultural and temporal characterisation of the site at South Cuidrach is outlined here. This includes characteristic points and microliths, burins, cores and other items diagnostic of specific cultural groups. Additionally, it has become evident that Rum bloodstone, a raw material well known from the Late Mesolithic period in the region, may be absent before the Early/Late Mesolithic transition, with baked mudstone from Staffin in North Skye being the primary raw material used before this time. The need for detailed knowledge of the region’s lithic technology and typology is well illustrated here, as small details frequently reflect important chronological differences.
{"title":"South Cuidrach","authors":"Karen Hardy, T. Ballin","doi":"10.9750/psas.153.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.153.1367","url":null,"abstract":"A new site in north Skye has revealed evidence of human occupation from the Late Upper Palaeolithic as well as the Early and Late Mesolithic periods, suggesting repeated visits by humans for at least 5,000 years from the Late Glacial Interstadial through the Loch Lomond Readvance and up to the mid-Holocene, a time of dynamic climatic and sea-level change. South Cuidrach is one of several sites in the north of the Isle of Skye and around the Inner Sound with lithic (stone tool) evidence diagnostic of a human presence before the mid-Holocene. These sites currently represent a unique concentration of pre-Late Mesolithic sites in Scotland. The lithic evidence which forms the backbone of the cultural and temporal characterisation of the site at South Cuidrach is outlined here. This includes characteristic points and microliths, burins, cores and other items diagnostic of specific cultural groups. Additionally, it has become evident that Rum bloodstone, a raw material well known from the Late Mesolithic period in the region, may be absent before the Early/Late Mesolithic transition, with baked mudstone from Staffin in North Skye being the primary raw material used before this time. The need for detailed knowledge of the region’s lithic technology and typology is well illustrated here, as small details frequently reflect important chronological differences.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Preacher Stone is a natural boulder in the Bathgate Hills which is inscribed with a text recording a sermon preached on 14 January 1738 by ‘the worthy Mr Hunter’. This was an event of some significance in the early development of the Secession Church. The stone has not hitherto been the subject of a detailed study, and the various published references to it are incorrect or defective in some respect. In this article we give an accurate account of the stone and its environs, we comment on the letterforms which were intended to add dignity to the inscription, and we explain the importance of John Hunter in the context of the newly developing Secession. We draw on the unpublished Minutes of the Associate Presbytery and of the Session of the Craigmailen congregation to correct some of the misunderstandings that have arisen about the place and date of the event it records, and maintain the veracity of the inscribed text. Canmore ID 47987
{"title":"The Preacher Stone in the Bathgate Hills","authors":"Alastair Small, Carola Small","doi":"10.9750/psas.152.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.152.1369","url":null,"abstract":"The Preacher Stone is a natural boulder in the Bathgate Hills which is inscribed with a text recording a sermon preached on 14 January 1738 by ‘the worthy Mr Hunter’. This was an event of some significance in the early development of the Secession Church. The stone has not hitherto been the subject of a detailed study, and the various published references to it are incorrect or defective in some respect. In this article we give an accurate account of the stone and its environs, we comment on the letterforms which were intended to add dignity to the inscription, and we explain the importance of John Hunter in the context of the newly developing Secession. We draw on the unpublished Minutes of the Associate Presbytery and of the Session of the Craigmailen congregation to correct some of the misunderstandings that have arisen about the place and date of the event it records, and maintain the veracity of the inscribed text. Canmore ID 47987","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The origins and development of Archibald Young, an Edinburgh family firm of surgical instrument makers, are examined. Over five generations the firm developed from a cutler’s apprenticeship in 1771 into a prominent manufacturer of surgical instruments at the Edinburgh International Exhibition of 1886. Archival sources include parish registers, business receipts, newspapers, Annual Directories, the Register of Edinburgh Apprentices and Burgesses, Minute Books of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edinburgh, and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Cash Books. The documentary evidence is augmented by examples of instruments held in museums and archives in Britain. The research provides a business history that will aid the dating of artefacts in museum collections and offer an insight into Young’s contribution to Edinburgh’s medical heritage.
{"title":"The origins and development of a Scottish surgical instrument maker","authors":"Ruth Pollitt","doi":"10.9750/psas.152.1336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.152.1336","url":null,"abstract":"The origins and development of Archibald Young, an Edinburgh family firm of surgical instrument makers, are examined. Over five generations the firm developed from a cutler’s apprenticeship in 1771 into a prominent manufacturer of surgical instruments at the Edinburgh International Exhibition of 1886. Archival sources include parish registers, business receipts, newspapers, Annual Directories, the Register of Edinburgh Apprentices and Burgesses, Minute Books of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edinburgh, and the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Cash Books. The documentary evidence is augmented by examples of instruments held in museums and archives in Britain. The research provides a business history that will aid the dating of artefacts in museum collections and offer an insight into Young’s contribution to Edinburgh’s medical heritage.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"2 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A damaged carving of a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle appears on the Pictish cross-slab from Skinnet Chapel, Halkirk, Caithness (Skinnet 1). In this paper the vehicle’s original design is partly re-created, with details of the pair of horses yoked to it. The slab, now in Thurso Museum, was surveyed in 2015 and 2017 by the use of RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging), a computer-based enhancement process. Resulting augmentation of surface relief in the processed images allows multiple overlays to be drawn/traced from various light vectors to create a composite final image. The restored components of the vehicle – cart or chariot – are discussed, with relevance to its possible role. Atypical physical features carved on the facing horse of the horse pair may hint at some ceremonial motive for their presence. After a short survey of known evidence for Pictish vehicles, direct derivation of design from antecedent archaeological finds of Iron Age chariots are assessed as unlikely due to the wide time gap. Possible construction influence (in both cultural directions) from wheels found in Scottish Roman sites is noted. The common format of wheels and vehicles on the Skinnet 1 stone and Irish High Cross illustrations of ‘chariots’ are described and mapped, with the appearance of the latter in early medieval times attributed to Pictish traditions of cartwrighting.
{"title":"A drive around Pictland","authors":"Duncan McArdle, Catriona McArdle","doi":"10.9750/psas.152.1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.152.1368","url":null,"abstract":"A damaged carving of a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle appears on the Pictish cross-slab from Skinnet Chapel, Halkirk, Caithness (Skinnet 1). In this paper the vehicle’s original design is partly re-created, with details of the pair of horses yoked to it. The slab, now in Thurso Museum, was surveyed in 2015 and 2017 by the use of RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging), a computer-based enhancement process. Resulting augmentation of surface relief in the processed images allows multiple overlays to be drawn/traced from various light vectors to create a composite final image. The restored components of the vehicle – cart or chariot – are discussed, with relevance to its possible role. Atypical physical features carved on the facing horse of the horse pair may hint at some ceremonial motive for their presence. After a short survey of known evidence for Pictish vehicles, direct derivation of design from antecedent archaeological finds of Iron Age chariots are assessed as unlikely due to the wide time gap. Possible construction influence (in both cultural directions) from wheels found in Scottish Roman sites is noted. The common format of wheels and vehicles on the Skinnet 1 stone and Irish High Cross illustrations of ‘chariots’ are described and mapped, with the appearance of the latter in early medieval times attributed to Pictish traditions of cartwrighting.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the origin of the Drummond surname in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. Used by Portuguese subjects from the early 16th century, the name is claimed to derive from João Escórcio (‘John the Scot’ or ‘Scottish John’), a settler of the 15th century. The first aim of this paper is to provide an initial analysis of Escórcio’s existence in the record of the Council of Funchal, between 1470 and 1486, to contextualise his emergence in Portugal’s first Atlantic colony. As part of this approach, the historiography of Scottish migration is engaged with drawing upon examples of Scots overseas. The secondary purpose of this paper is to present the correspondence between Escórcio’s descendants, the Chiefs of the Clan Drummond and their kinsmen in Scotland, spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, to complement the chronology of Escórcio in Madeira. This same correspondence reconciles his identity with that of John Drummond, considered a son of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Cargill and Lady Elizabeth Sinclair, and reveals a tie of kinship between the Portuguese Drummonds and their Scottish namesakes. Through the research presented, currently Escórcio could be considered the earliest known example of a Scottish settler in Portuguese history, written into the historical record of the Clan Drummond. As a result, this paper may be considered a contribution to the study of Scottish migration within the Iberian world during the late medieval period, a field that is largely unknown.
{"title":"The origin of the Portuguese Drummonds","authors":"Jonathan J F Sykes","doi":"10.9750/psas.152.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.152.1377","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the origin of the Drummond surname in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. Used by Portuguese subjects from the early 16th century, the name is claimed to derive from João Escórcio (‘John the Scot’ or ‘Scottish John’), a settler of the 15th century. The first aim of this paper is to provide an initial analysis of Escórcio’s existence in the record of the Council of Funchal, between 1470 and 1486, to contextualise his emergence in Portugal’s first Atlantic colony. As part of this approach, the historiography of Scottish migration is engaged with drawing upon examples of Scots overseas. The secondary purpose of this paper is to present the correspondence between Escórcio’s descendants, the Chiefs of the Clan Drummond and their kinsmen in Scotland, spanning the 16th to 18th centuries, to complement the chronology of Escórcio in Madeira. This same correspondence reconciles his identity with that of John Drummond, considered a son of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Cargill and Lady Elizabeth Sinclair, and reveals a tie of kinship between the Portuguese Drummonds and their Scottish namesakes. Through the research presented, currently Escórcio could be considered the earliest known example of a Scottish settler in Portuguese history, written into the historical record of the Clan Drummond. As a result, this paper may be considered a contribution to the study of Scottish migration within the Iberian world during the late medieval period, a field that is largely unknown.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"57 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：