Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.9750/psas.145.349.369
D. Caldwell, G. Stell, Dennis J. Turner
Excavations were undertaken at Achanduin Castle, Lismore, Argyll (NGR: NM 8043 3927), over six seasons from 1970 to 1975 under the direction of the late Dennis John Turner (1932–2013), henceforward referred to as DJT. Publication of a full report as a SAIR, assembled from the papers of DJT, has now been achieved by the other two authors of this paper, neither of whom were directly involved in the excavations. They have undertaken this task because of their friendship with DJT and their realisation of the importance of his work at Achanduin, the results of which are distilled and discussed here. Achanduin is a small rectangular enclosure castle, built about the very end of the 13th century or early in the 14th century. Although it was occupied intermittently by bishops of Argyll, perhaps as late as the 1680s, DJT has made a case for it being constructed for either Alexander MacDougall, lord of Argyll, or his son John.
在已故的丹尼斯·约翰·特纳(Dennis John Turner, 1932-2013)(此后被称为DJT)的指导下，从1970年到1975年，在阿盖尔的利斯莫尔的阿昌度城堡(NGR: NM 8043 3927)进行了六个季节的挖掘工作。从DJT的论文中收集的一份完整的报告作为SAIR的出版，现在已经由本文的其他两位作者完成，他们都没有直接参与挖掘。他们承担这项任务是因为他们与DJT的友谊，以及他们意识到DJT在阿昌度工作的重要性，其结果在这里进行了提炼和讨论。阿尚杜因是一座小型矩形围城，建于13世纪末或14世纪初。虽然它断断续续地被阿盖尔主教占据，也许直到1680年代，DJT已经提出了为阿盖尔领主亚历山大·麦克杜格尔或他的儿子约翰建造它的理由。
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K. Hardy, J. Benjamin, A. Bicket, J. McCarthy, T. Ballin
Sea-level rise and coastal change have impacted on the visibility of early to mid-Holocene sites worldwide. Due to the combination of eustatic and isostatic effects, modern coastal landscapes rarely reflect those occupied and exploited by prehistoric people. This suggests that intertidal and marine archaeology is set to become increasingly important in future studies of the coastal populations of prehistoric Britain. Though Scotland’s west coast is renowned for its abundance of evidence for the Mesolithic, the potential for intertidal sites has barely been investigated. We report on a newly discovered raw material source and primary knapping location on the beach and across the intertidal zone at Lub Dubh Aird, Upper Loch Torridon. Our results suggest that a multi-disciplinary approach to investigation into early prehistoric human occupation of the west Scottish coastline – that incorporates survey of intertidal zones together with the upper beach and nearby areas – is essential to fully appreciate the range of sites present and to allow these to be integrated into a better understanding of coastal landscape use at this time.
{"title":"Scotland's intertidal prehistory","authors":"K. Hardy, J. Benjamin, A. Bicket, J. McCarthy, T. Ballin","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.17.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.17.39","url":null,"abstract":"Sea-level rise and coastal change have impacted on the visibility of early to mid-Holocene sites worldwide. Due to the combination of eustatic and isostatic effects, modern coastal landscapes rarely reflect those occupied and exploited by prehistoric people. This suggests that intertidal and marine archaeology is set to become increasingly important in future studies of the coastal populations of prehistoric Britain. Though Scotland’s west coast is renowned for its abundance of evidence for the Mesolithic, the potential for intertidal sites has barely been investigated. We report on a newly discovered raw material source and primary knapping location on the beach and across the intertidal zone at Lub Dubh Aird, Upper Loch Torridon. Our results suggest that a multi-disciplinary approach to investigation into early prehistoric human occupation of the west Scottish coastline – that incorporates survey of intertidal zones together with the upper beach and nearby areas – is essential to fully appreciate the range of sites present and to allow these to be integrated into a better understanding of coastal landscape use at this time.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"160 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Richards, A. Clarke, C. Ingrem, J. Mulville, I. Mainland
Erosion of sand dunes in the Bay of Skaill, close to the Neolithic site at Skara Brae, exposed a spread of faunal remains and stone tools representing a Late Neolithic butchery site separated by a wall from a deposit of articulated red deer bone. This is an unusual and significant bone assemblage comprising both fragmented and articulated remains of red deer together with some domesticates. Also a whale mandible was closely associated with the butchery area. An interpretation of the site incorporates a reappraisal of the role of red deer and cattle elsewhere in Late Neolithic Orkney.
斯卡拉布雷(Skara Brae)新石器时代遗址附近的斯凯尔湾(Bay of Skaill)沙丘受到侵蚀，暴露出大量动物遗骸和石器，这些石器代表了新石器时代晚期的屠宰场，中间隔着一堵墙，中间是一堆有关节的马鹿骨。这是一个不寻常的和重要的骨头组合，包括马鹿的碎片和铰接遗骸，以及一些驯化的马鹿。而且鲸鱼的下颌骨与屠宰区密切相关。对该遗址的解释包括对新石器时代晚期奥克尼其他地方马鹿和牛的作用的重新评估。
{"title":"Containment, closure and red deer","authors":"C. Richards, A. Clarke, C. Ingrem, J. Mulville, I. Mainland","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.91.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.91.124","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion of sand dunes in the Bay of Skaill, close to the Neolithic site at Skara Brae, exposed a spread of faunal remains and stone tools representing a Late Neolithic butchery site separated by a wall from a deposit of articulated red deer bone. This is an unusual and significant bone assemblage comprising both fragmented and articulated remains of red deer together with some domesticates. Also a whale mandible was closely associated with the butchery area. An interpretation of the site incorporates a reappraisal of the role of red deer and cattle elsewhere in Late Neolithic Orkney.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116449575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.9750/psas.145.229.281
Jane Geddes, Hilary K Murray, J. C. Murray
Long known as an early church site, the importance of Tullich in Aberdeenshire may often have been underestimated. An evaluation and excavation were undertaken prior to the extension of the modern graveyard and have produced evidence of both inner and outer enclosures around the church that yielded good radiocarbon dates for development of the site in the 7th to 9th centuries and for continued activity in the medieval period. Two early grave markers were found during the excavation, bringing the present total of carved stones from the site to 16 cross-marked slabs and a Pictish symbol stone, a quantity which makes Tullich unique in Aberdeenshire and strongly indicates a religious community established by the late 7th century. The newly discovered crosses have prompted a reappraisal of the full corpus of early medieval carved stones from the site.
{"title":"Tullich, Aberdeenshire","authors":"Jane Geddes, Hilary K Murray, J. C. Murray","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.229.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.229.281","url":null,"abstract":"Long known as an early church site, the importance of Tullich in Aberdeenshire may often have been underestimated. An evaluation and excavation were undertaken prior to the extension of the modern graveyard and have produced evidence of both inner and outer enclosures around the church that yielded good radiocarbon dates for development of the site in the 7th to 9th centuries and for continued activity in the medieval period. Two early grave markers were found during the excavation, bringing the present total of carved stones from the site to 16 cross-marked slabs and a Pictish symbol stone, a quantity which makes Tullich unique in Aberdeenshire and strongly indicates a religious community established by the late 7th century. The newly discovered crosses have prompted a reappraisal of the full corpus of early medieval carved stones from the site.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130283748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Neolithic chambered cairn at Knowe of Rowiegar, Rousay, Orkney, was excavated in 1937 as part of a campaign that also saw excavations at sites such as Midhowe and the Knowe of Lairo. Not fully published at the time, and with only partial studies since, the human bone assemblage has now been largely re-united and investigated. This included an osteological study and AMS dating of selected bones from this site and other Rousay cairns in the care of University of Aberdeen Museums, as well as the use of archival sources to attempt a reconstruction of the site. It is suggested that the human remains were finally deposited as disarticulated bones and that the site was severely damaged at the time the adjacent Iron Age souterrain was constructed. The estimation of the minimum number of individuals represented in the assemblage showed a significant preponderance of crania and mandibles, suggesting the presence of at least 28 heads, along with much smaller numbers of other bones, while age and sex determinations showed a preponderance of adult males. Seven skulls showed evidence of violent trauma, while evidence from both bones and teeth indicates that there were high levels of childhood dietary deficiency. Although detailed analysis of the dates was hampered by the ‘Neolithic plateau’, a Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon determinations suggests the use of the site during the period 3400 to 2900 cal bc. This is shown to be similar to that of other dated Orcadian Neolithic cairns and may represent different responses to two periods of severe climate deterioration.
{"title":"The Knowe of Rowiegar, Rousay, Orkney","authors":"Margaret Hutchison, N. Curtis, R. Kidd","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.41.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.41.89","url":null,"abstract":"The Neolithic chambered cairn at Knowe of Rowiegar, Rousay, Orkney, was excavated in 1937 as part of a campaign that also saw excavations at sites such as Midhowe and the Knowe of Lairo. Not fully published at the time, and with only partial studies since, the human bone assemblage has now been largely re-united and investigated. This included an osteological study and AMS dating of selected bones from this site and other Rousay cairns in the care of University of Aberdeen Museums, as well as the use of archival sources to attempt a reconstruction of the site. It is suggested that the human remains were finally deposited as disarticulated bones and that the site was severely damaged at the time the adjacent Iron Age souterrain was constructed. The estimation of the minimum number of individuals represented in the assemblage showed a significant preponderance of crania and mandibles, suggesting the presence of at least 28 heads, along with much smaller numbers of other bones, while age and sex determinations showed a preponderance of adult males. Seven skulls showed evidence of violent trauma, while evidence from both bones and teeth indicates that there were high levels of childhood dietary deficiency. Although detailed analysis of the dates was hampered by the ‘Neolithic plateau’, a Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon determinations suggests the use of the site during the period 3400 to 2900 cal bc. This is shown to be similar to that of other dated Orcadian Neolithic cairns and may represent different responses to two periods of severe climate deterioration.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131815620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan Saville, the archaeologist and prehistorian and a former President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, died in his adopted city of Edinburgh at the age of 69, following a long illness.
{"title":"Alan Saville","authors":"I. Ralston, T. Cowie","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Alan Saville, the archaeologist and prehistorian and a former President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, died in his adopted city of Edinburgh at the age of 69, following a long illness.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116099727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.9750/psas.145.213.228
F. Hunter
Recent finds of copper alloy and lead figural sculpture from Roman Scotland are presented and discussed. These are rare finds in this frontier area, and represent a significant addition to a small corpus. Discussion considers whether such finds offer clues to the location of shrines or other sacred places in the wider landscape, a question that has largely been ignored in research to date. The rarity of such finds among the Roman imports on Iron Age sites leads to a discussion of the uptake and impact of such naturalistic imagery on the local population. An appendix catalogues the finds.
{"title":"Gods and monsters in Roman Scotland","authors":"F. Hunter","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.213.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.213.228","url":null,"abstract":"Recent finds of copper alloy and lead figural sculpture from Roman Scotland are presented and discussed. These are rare finds in this frontier area, and represent a significant addition to a small corpus. Discussion considers whether such finds offer clues to the location of shrines or other sacred places in the wider landscape, a question that has largely been ignored in research to date. The rarity of such finds among the Roman imports on Iron Age sites leads to a discussion of the uptake and impact of such naturalistic imagery on the local population. An appendix catalogues the finds.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124928138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.9750/psas.145.341.347
J. Atkinson, John Wombell, Jennifer Miller, Christine Rennie, G. McSwan
This note details the discovery and partial excavation of a bloomery furnace near Craggie Cottage in Glen Oykel, Sutherland, in 2010. Evidence from the excavation casts light on bloomery iron working tradition and dates the use of the furnace to the late 15th–early 17th centuries.
{"title":"Craggie bloomery","authors":"J. Atkinson, John Wombell, Jennifer Miller, Christine Rennie, G. McSwan","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.341.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.341.347","url":null,"abstract":"This note details the discovery and partial excavation of a bloomery furnace near Craggie Cottage in Glen Oykel, Sutherland, in 2010. Evidence from the excavation casts light on bloomery iron working tradition and dates the use of the furnace to the late 15th–early 17th centuries.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126255773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professor Charles Thomas was a pioneer of Early Christian archaeology in Britain and a champion of Cornish Studies who made a lasting impact on Scottish and Celtic scholarship.
{"title":"Antony Charles Thomas","authors":"S. Driscoll","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.13.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.13.16","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Charles Thomas was a pioneer of Early Christian archaeology in Britain and a champion of Cornish Studies who made a lasting impact on Scottish and Celtic scholarship.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-30DOI: 10.9750/psas.145.371.399
A. Blackwell, S. Kirk
This paper reconsiders glass beads that have hitherto been regarded as early medieval in date. Although several groups of these beads are known from important early Christian sites – St Ninian’s Isle, Shetland, and Morham, East Lothian – a case is made here for a manufacture date between the 17th and 19th centuries AD on the basis of typological parallels and surface analysis of the glass composition. Several of the groups of beads appear to have been found in graves and their significance in the context of early modern burial practice is explored. Here it is argued that, in the face of the sheer quantity of beads produced in post-medieval Europe, extreme care should be exercised when identifying glass beads, particularly when the objects in question have complex or uncertain archaeological contexts. Although surface analysis of glass composition has limitations, with careful interpretation it can nonetheless provide a quick, inexpensive and non-destructive means of narrowing the range of possible identifications. The type of glass can give a broad indication of date, and in some cases the detection of particular ingredients or quality of materials can indicate a more precise origin.
{"title":"Seventh century or seventeenth century? Identifying glass beads from Scotland","authors":"A. Blackwell, S. Kirk","doi":"10.9750/psas.145.371.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.145.371.399","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reconsiders glass beads that have hitherto been regarded as early medieval in date. Although several groups of these beads are known from important early Christian sites – St Ninian’s Isle, Shetland, and Morham, East Lothian – a case is made here for a manufacture date between the 17th and 19th centuries AD on the basis of typological parallels and surface analysis of the glass composition. Several of the groups of beads appear to have been found in graves and their significance in the context of early modern burial practice is explored. Here it is argued that, in the face of the sheer quantity of beads produced in post-medieval Europe, extreme care should be exercised when identifying glass beads, particularly when the objects in question have complex or uncertain archaeological contexts. Although surface analysis of glass composition has limitations, with careful interpretation it can nonetheless provide a quick, inexpensive and non-destructive means of narrowing the range of possible identifications. The type of glass can give a broad indication of date, and in some cases the detection of particular ingredients or quality of materials can indicate a more precise origin.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127949756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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