Eliza D’Oyly Traill Burroughs, or Lady Burroughs, is known for her report on the discovery and excavation of Taversoe Tuick, Rousay, Orkney, in 1898. Apart from this report, however, Eliza is a largely elusive figure about whose personality and private life not much is known. This article draws on archival material, recorded local memories and public documents to reconstruct a portrait of the enigmatic author behind the Taversoe Tuick report.
{"title":"Eliza D’Oyly Traill Burroughs (1849–1908)","authors":"Nela Scholma-Mason","doi":"10.9750/psas.150.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.150.1317","url":null,"abstract":"Eliza D’Oyly Traill Burroughs, or Lady Burroughs, is known for her report on the discovery and excavation of Taversoe Tuick, Rousay, Orkney, in 1898. Apart from this report, however, Eliza is a largely elusive figure about whose personality and private life not much is known. This article draws on archival material, recorded local memories and public documents to reconstruct a portrait of the enigmatic author behind the Taversoe Tuick report.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130068064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a programme of survey and evaluative excavation at a complex of five enclosures on Turin Hill in Angus, Scotland. This includes one large bivallate hillfort, an oblong fort and three smaller duns. The aim of the investigation was to re-map the surviving archaeological features and clarify the chronology of the sites. Geophysical survey was also undertaken and clarified various aspects of the enclosures on the hill, revealing a dense concentration of features within the interior of the large bivallate hillfort. Keyhole excavation was undertaken with basic chronological information being obtained for four out of five of the enclosures and dating samples from one other dun on the same ridge at Rob’s Reed. All the samples produced dates falling in the Iron Age and importantly, despite their location overlooking the rich assemblage of early medieval sculpture at Aberlemno, there was no definitive indication of early medieval activity or settlement at Turin Hill or its immediate environs. Evaluation of the rampart of the large bivallate hillfort produced an Early Iron Age date, and as such, may represent one of the few dated forts from this time period presently known in Scotland. Canmore ID 34899 Canmore ID 33776 Canmore ID 34959
本文介绍了在安格斯的都灵山上的一个复杂的五个围场的调查和评估挖掘方案的结果，苏格兰。这包括一个大的双山谷堡垒，一个长方形堡垒和三个较小的沙丘。调查的目的是重新绘制现存的考古特征，并澄清这些遗址的年代。还进行了地球物理调查，并澄清了山上围墙的各个方面，揭示了大型双山谷丘陵内部密集集中的特征。钥匙孔挖掘获得了五个外壳中四个的基本时间信息，并从罗布里德的同一山脊上的另一个dun中获得了年代样本。所有的样本都显示了铁器时代的年代，重要的是，尽管它们的位置可以俯瞰阿伯莱姆诺丰富的中世纪早期雕塑，但没有明确的迹象表明都灵山或其周边地区有中世纪早期的活动或定居点。对这座大型双山谷丘陵的城墙的评估得出了铁器时代早期的日期，因此，它可能代表了苏格兰目前已知的少数几个这一时期的堡垒之一。Canmore ID 34899 Canmore ID 33776 Canmore ID 34959
{"title":"Survey and excavation at an Iron Age enclosure complex on Turin Hill and environs","authors":"J. O’Driscoll, G. Noble","doi":"10.9750/PSAS.149.1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/PSAS.149.1284","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a programme of survey and evaluative excavation at a complex of five enclosures on Turin Hill in Angus, Scotland. This includes one large bivallate hillfort, an oblong fort and three smaller duns. The aim of the investigation was to re-map the surviving archaeological features and clarify the chronology of the sites. Geophysical survey was also undertaken and clarified various aspects of the enclosures on the hill, revealing a dense concentration of features within the interior of the large bivallate hillfort. Keyhole excavation was undertaken with basic chronological information being obtained for four out of five of the enclosures and dating samples from one other dun on the same ridge at Rob’s Reed. All the samples produced dates falling in the Iron Age and importantly, despite their location overlooking the rich assemblage of early medieval sculpture at Aberlemno, there was no definitive indication of early medieval activity or settlement at Turin Hill or its immediate environs. Evaluation of the rampart of the large bivallate hillfort produced an Early Iron Age date, and as such, may represent one of the few dated forts from this time period presently known in Scotland. \u0000Canmore ID 34899 \u0000Canmore ID 33776 \u0000Canmore ID 34959","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127841789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short article explores the archaeology and fragmentary history of the site known as Dun Ara, in Mishnish, north Mull, in the light of increasing evidence of a Norse presence both generally in this part of the Inner Hebrides and more specifically this area of Mull. The focus is on the harbour and its appendages but it refers as well to the associated settlement and dun – or castle – perched above to the north. It is set in the context of recent work on early harbours and landing places in the Western Isles, some of which have been demonstrated to have had a Norse presence. Consideration is given to the ramifications of the tidal cycle and to what extent, if any, isostatic change and rising sea levels may affect the ‘picture’ as it is now observed. While reflecting that the evidence for a ‘Norse’ period at Dun Ara remains circumstantial, it suggests that the absence of conclusive proof does not preclude the likelihood. Canmore ID 11028 Canmore ID 22069 Canmore ID 22071
这篇简短的文章探讨了马尔北部米什尼什的Dun Ara遗址的考古和零碎的历史，鉴于越来越多的证据表明挪威人普遍存在于内赫布里底群岛的这一部分，更具体地说是马尔的这一地区。重点是海港及其附属设施，但它也指的是与之相关的定居点和城堡——位于北部。它的背景是最近对西部群岛早期港口和登陆点的研究，其中一些已经被证明有挪威人的存在。考虑到潮汐循环的后果，以及均衡变化和海平面上升在多大程度上(如果有的话)可能影响目前所观察到的“图景”。虽然反映了“北欧”时期在Dun Ara的证据仍然是间接的，但它表明，缺乏确凿的证据并不排除这种可能性。Canmore ID 11028 Canmore ID 22069 Canmore ID 22071
{"title":"Dun Ara","authors":"James T. Petre","doi":"10.9750/psas.149.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.149.1289","url":null,"abstract":"This short article explores the archaeology and fragmentary history of the site known as Dun Ara, in Mishnish, north Mull, in the light of increasing evidence of a Norse presence both generally in this part of the Inner Hebrides and more specifically this area of Mull. The focus is on the harbour and its appendages but it refers as well to the associated settlement and dun – or castle – perched above to the north. It is set in the context of recent work on early harbours and landing places in the Western Isles, some of which have been demonstrated to have had a Norse presence. Consideration is given to the ramifications of the tidal cycle and to what extent, if any, isostatic change and rising sea levels may affect the ‘picture’ as it is now observed. While reflecting that the evidence for a ‘Norse’ period at Dun Ara remains circumstantial, it suggests that the absence of conclusive proof does not preclude the likelihood. \u0000 \u0000Canmore ID 11028 \u0000Canmore ID 22069 \u0000Canmore ID 22071","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index for PSAS 149","authors":"... ...","doi":"10.9750/psas.149.index","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.149.index","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132346154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.9750/psas.149.prelims
, ,,
Table of Contents List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings Editorial Advisory Board Society's Council from 30 November 2018 Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society Laws of the Society from 1 December 2014
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The anti-invasion defences of the Second World War are still a prominent part of the modern landscape (Barclay 2013). The defences built during the First World War are, however, less well known. Some of these, indeed, have been misidentified as having been built in the later war, and many places were defended in both conflicts. Even less well known are the defences planned, and in some cases built, between 1900 and 1914, as set out in the Army’s ‘Defence Schemes’ for Scotland, and in the records of individual coast defence batteries. This paper sets out the plans to defend two adjacent parts of Scotland between 1900 and 1919, the coasts of the Tay and Forth estuaries, in the wider context of the defence of the UK.
{"title":"The anti-invasion defences of the Forth and Tay estuaries, eastern Scotland","authors":"G. Barclay, Ron Morris","doi":"10.9750/psas.148.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.148.1264","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-invasion defences of the Second World War are still a prominent part of the modern landscape (Barclay 2013). The defences built during the First World War are, however, less well known. Some of these, indeed, have been misidentified as having been built in the later war, and many places were defended in both conflicts. Even less well known are the defences planned, and in some cases built, between 1900 and 1914, as set out in the Army’s ‘Defence Schemes’ for Scotland, and in the records of individual coast defence batteries. This paper sets out the plans to defend two adjacent parts of Scotland between 1900 and 1919, the coasts of the Tay and Forth estuaries, in the wider context of the defence of the UK.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114494581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eighteen early medieval carved stone fragments (Applecross 5.1–5.18) were recently recovered from Applecross, Wester Ross, Scotland, a site that functioned as an important ecclesiastical centre in the early medieval period. These 18 fragments join a pre-existing collection of monuments and other carved stones at Applecross, including three fragments (Applecross 1, 2 and 3) that together likely belonged to the same cross-slab. Both the Applecross slab (Applecross 1–3) and the newly discovered fragments are decorated with relief-carved, geometric ornament common to early medieval Britain and Ireland, including interlace, key and step patterns, and are of exceptional workmanship. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the patterns, which reveals that at least 16 of the 18 new fragments also belonged to the same monument as Applecross 1–3. In particular, the author has applied a new, artist-focused, artwork-centred approach to the study of key pattern and its structure, drawn from her doctoral research of this type of ornament. Through close physical analysis of the internal symmetry of individual spiral units and the negative (carved-out) lines in these key patterns, it is possible to identify where the new fragments were located on the Applecross monument, as well as their orientation within it. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the patterns’ negative lines confirms that Applecross was linked to Nigg and likely also to Rosemarkie – two contemporary, high-status, Pictish ecclesiastical sites in Easter Ross – and that a single carver or team produced stone sculpture in all three places. The Nigg cross-slab and Rosemarkie’s collection of carved stones are widely recognised as amongst the finest in the Pictish corpus, and the Applecross fragments rival them in their supreme, virtuoso quality. This is the first concrete evidence for a single Pictish artistic hand on multiple artworks – a master carver or expert team whose oeuvre spanned both Easter and Wester Ross and who created some of the greatest surviving art-historical monuments in Britain.
{"title":"Abstract pattern on stone fragments from Applecross","authors":"C. Thickpenny","doi":"10.9750/psas.148.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.148.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Eighteen early medieval carved stone fragments (Applecross 5.1–5.18) were recently recovered from Applecross, Wester Ross, Scotland, a site that functioned as an important ecclesiastical centre in the early medieval period. These 18 fragments join a pre-existing collection of monuments and other carved stones at Applecross, including three fragments (Applecross 1, 2 and 3) that together likely belonged to the same cross-slab. Both the Applecross slab (Applecross 1–3) and the newly discovered fragments are decorated with relief-carved, geometric ornament common to early medieval Britain and Ireland, including interlace, key and step patterns, and are of exceptional workmanship. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the patterns, which reveals that at least 16 of the 18 new fragments also belonged to the same monument as Applecross 1–3. In particular, the author has applied a new, artist-focused, artwork-centred approach to the study of key pattern and its structure, drawn from her doctoral research of this type of ornament. Through close physical analysis of the internal symmetry of individual spiral units and the negative (carved-out) lines in these key patterns, it is possible to identify where the new fragments were located on the Applecross monument, as well as their orientation within it. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the patterns’ negative lines confirms that Applecross was linked to Nigg and likely also to Rosemarkie – two contemporary, high-status, Pictish ecclesiastical sites in Easter Ross – and that a single carver or team produced stone sculpture in all three places. The Nigg cross-slab and Rosemarkie’s collection of carved stones are widely recognised as amongst the finest in the Pictish corpus, and the Applecross fragments rival them in their supreme, virtuoso quality. This is the first concrete evidence for a single Pictish artistic hand on multiple artworks – a master carver or expert team whose oeuvre spanned both Easter and Wester Ross and who created some of the greatest surviving art-historical monuments in Britain.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132898009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Noble, G. Cruikshanks, L. Dunbar, Nicholas Evans, D. Hall, D. Hamilton, Cathy Maciver, Edouard Masson-MacLean, J. O’Driscoll, Lindsey Paskulin, Oskar Sveinbjarnarson
The early Christian sculpture from Kinneddar has long been noted as a major assemblage. New survey work by the University of Aberdeen and AOC Archaeology has identified a large vallum enclosure around the site that was renewed on at least one occasion. The vallum enclosures surrounded an area of up to 8.6ha, and the groundplan presents striking resemblances to other major ecclesiastical sites, particularly Iona. Evaluative excavations instigated through research- and development-led projects have provided an outline chronology for the vallum enclosures, identified an additional annexe and has located settlement features inside the enclosures. Radiocarbon dating suggests activity as early as the late 6th century with the vallum likely to date to the 7th or 8th century. This article sets out the evidence from the site and discusses Kinneddar in relation to other likely major ecclesiastical sites in northern Pictland and its wider early medieval Insular context.
金尼达尔的早期基督教雕塑长期以来一直被认为是一件重要的收藏品。阿伯丁大学(University of Aberdeen)和AOC考古学院(AOC Archaeology)的一项新调查发现，该遗址周围有一个大型山谷围栏，至少有一次被更新过。山谷围合了一个8.6公顷的区域，地面平面图与其他主要的教会场所，特别是爱奥娜，有着惊人的相似之处。通过以研究和开发为主导的项目进行的评价性挖掘，为山谷围墙提供了一个大致的年表，确定了一个额外的附件，并确定了围墙内的定居特征。放射性碳定年法表明早在6世纪晚期就有活动，而山谷可能可以追溯到7或8世纪。本文列出了该遗址的证据，并讨论了Kinneddar与皮克特兰北部其他可能的主要教会遗址及其更广泛的中世纪早期岛屿背景的关系。
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John Stuart, duke of Albany was born in France, but acted as Regent of Scotland from 1514 until 1524. He visited Scotland three times and, in the early years of his regency, is credited with bringing a degree of stability back to Scottish governance during an otherwise troubled political period. Albany was also noteworthy for his love of visual splendour and magnificence. In France, he was an astute patron of the visual arts, commissioning a number of important manuscripts and architectural projects, such as the Sainte-Chapelle at Vic-le-Comte in the Auvergne. Albany’s main architectural achievement in Scotland was the fortification and extension his principal residence, Dunbar Castle, in the form of a great artillery blockhouse: perhaps the first such structure to have been built in the British Isles. The plan of the blockhouse appears to follow the basic form of a contemporary Italian angle bastion. The fortification earned a formidable reputation during this period, contemporary commentators noting that it was impregnable.Further evidence supporting the idea that Albany was greatly interested in Italian developments in military science come in the survival of a working sketch, now held in the Uffizi, Florence, which bears a note in the writing of the famed military architect, Antonio Sangallo the Younger, that it was undertaken ‘following the opinion of the Duke of Albany.’ The sketch shows a square fort protected by a ravelin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these two pieces of evidence, to investigate what they tell us of Albany and of his interest in military science, and to demonstrate how such ideas were introduced into Scotland and then fed back into architectural and military discourse on the Continent.
奥尔巴尼公爵约翰·斯图亚特出生于法国，但从1514年到1524年担任苏格兰摄政王。他曾三次访问苏格兰，在他摄政的早期，他被认为在一个动荡的政治时期为苏格兰的治理带来了一定程度的稳定。奥尔巴尼对视觉上的辉煌和壮丽的热爱也值得注意。在法国，他是视觉艺术的精明赞助人，委托了许多重要的手稿和建筑项目，如奥弗涅的维勒伯爵圣礼拜堂。奥尔巴尼在苏格兰的主要建筑成就是他的主要住所邓巴城堡的防御和扩建，以一个巨大的炮楼的形式:也许是不列颠群岛上建造的第一个这样的建筑。碉堡的平面图似乎遵循了当代意大利角堡的基本形式。这个防御工事在这一时期赢得了令人敬畏的声誉，当时的评论家指出它是坚不可摧的。进一步的证据表明，奥尔巴尼对意大利军事科学的发展非常感兴趣，这一观点来自于一幅幸存下来的草图，现在保存在佛罗伦萨的乌菲兹美术馆，上面有著名军事建筑师小安东尼奥·桑加洛(Antonio Sangallo the Younger)的笔记，上面写道，这是“按照奥尔巴尼公爵的意见”进行的。这幅草图展示了一个方形的堡垒，被一根松绳保护着。本文的目的是调查这两件证据之间的关系，调查它们告诉我们奥尔巴尼和他对军事科学的兴趣，并展示这些想法是如何被引入苏格兰，然后反馈到欧洲大陆的建筑和军事话语中。
{"title":"John Stuart, Duke of Albany and his contribution to military science in Scotland and Italy, 1514–36","authors":"Bryony Coombs","doi":"10.9750/psas.148.1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.148.1265","url":null,"abstract":"John Stuart, duke of Albany was born in France, but acted as Regent of Scotland from 1514 until 1524. He visited Scotland three times and, in the early years of his regency, is credited with bringing a degree of stability back to Scottish governance during an otherwise troubled political period. Albany was also noteworthy for his love of visual splendour and magnificence. In France, he was an astute patron of the visual arts, commissioning a number of important manuscripts and architectural projects, such as the Sainte-Chapelle at Vic-le-Comte in the Auvergne. Albany’s main architectural achievement in Scotland was the fortification and extension his principal residence, Dunbar Castle, in the form of a great artillery blockhouse: perhaps the first such structure to have been built in the British Isles. The plan of the blockhouse appears to follow the basic form of a contemporary Italian angle bastion. The fortification earned a formidable reputation during this period, contemporary commentators noting that it was impregnable.Further evidence supporting the idea that Albany was greatly interested in Italian developments in military science come in the survival of a working sketch, now held in the Uffizi, Florence, which bears a note in the writing of the famed military architect, Antonio Sangallo the Younger, that it was undertaken ‘following the opinion of the Duke of Albany.’ The sketch shows a square fort protected by a ravelin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these two pieces of evidence, to investigate what they tell us of Albany and of his interest in military science, and to demonstrate how such ideas were introduced into Scotland and then fed back into architectural and military discourse on the Continent.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121547498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In January 2015 severe winter storms caused substantial damage to Craig Phadrig fort (Scheduled Monument 2892) after two wind-blown trees exposed a section of the inner rampart. Prior to consolidation and reinstatement, Scheduled Monument Consent was granted for an archaeological evaluation of the damaged area. This revealed three principal phases of construction, the earliest a massive timber-laced wall burnt in the 4th–3rd century bc. The upper elements of this ruined structure were incorporated into two secondary phases of refortification comprising construction of a palisade along its crest followed several centuries later by reprofiling of the rampart upper bank. The chronology of the second and third phases is more equivocal, with a single 5th–6th century ad radiocarbon date providing a terminus post quem for the erection of the palisade, while the other features indicate activity in the 11th–13th centuries.
{"title":"Storm damage at Craig Phadrig hillfort, Inverness","authors":"Mary Peteranna, S. Birch","doi":"10.9750/psas.148.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.148.1241","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2015 severe winter storms caused substantial damage to Craig Phadrig fort (Scheduled Monument 2892) after two wind-blown trees exposed a section of the inner rampart. Prior to consolidation and reinstatement, Scheduled Monument Consent was granted for an archaeological evaluation of the damaged area. This revealed three principal phases of construction, the earliest a massive timber-laced wall burnt in the 4th–3rd century bc. The upper elements of this ruined structure were incorporated into two secondary phases of refortification comprising construction of a palisade along its crest followed several centuries later by reprofiling of the rampart upper bank. The chronology of the second and third phases is more equivocal, with a single 5th–6th century ad radiocarbon date providing a terminus post quem for the erection of the palisade, while the other features indicate activity in the 11th–13th centuries.","PeriodicalId":161764,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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