Qazi Muhammad Saeed Ullah, Areesha Batool, Sunila Rashid
It has been the tradition in the history of nations that whenever some powerful invasion occurs, the history and heritage of the inhabitants got in danger. The invaders try to shape the heritage of controlled people in their own way. From the dark ages till present, there has been observed great influence of the colonizers over their dependent and weaker colonies. The impacts of “Anglo-Normans or French literature” on English history, is its best evidence. As the controlled people are being tended to believe that the ruling powers are civilized possessing great knowledge, remarkable history and marvelous heritage. The local people have to depend on them for learning their language and adopting their styles. In this way, the imperialist got succeeded in making such nations not only physically and geographically but also mentally slave. This mental slavery is more painful as it lasts for many generations. They are being tamed in every aspect of life which rips down their true history and identity. It has not only been the technique of imperialists but even the rulers of any free nation adopt the same method to get a noble recognition in the history. The original and true history of such nations disappears as it has always been reframed by the emperors to get their good names. But the fact is that history never dies though it is removed from the scene for some time. When such colonies get freedom, the revival of the history and heritage of such nations occurred that help them to assert their identity at world level. There are some departments which consider it their responsibility to revisit and present the original history by uncovering all the artificiality from its face. The purpose of present study is to highlight the struggle of Pakistani theatre named “Ajoka” for the renaissance of Sub-continental History and Heritage in Ajoka Plays and Performances.
{"title":"The Renaissance of Sub-continental History and Heritage in Ajoka Plays and Performances","authors":"Qazi Muhammad Saeed Ullah, Areesha Batool, Sunila Rashid","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.69","url":null,"abstract":"It has been the tradition in the history of nations that whenever some powerful invasion occurs, the history and heritage of the inhabitants got in danger. The invaders try to shape the heritage of controlled people in their own way. From the dark ages till present, there has been observed great influence of the colonizers over their dependent and weaker colonies. The impacts of “Anglo-Normans or French literature” on English history, is its best evidence. As the controlled people are being tended to believe that the ruling powers are civilized possessing great knowledge, remarkable history and marvelous heritage. The local people have to depend on them for learning their language and adopting their styles. In this way, the imperialist got succeeded in making such nations not only physically and geographically but also mentally slave. This mental slavery is more painful as it lasts for many generations. They are being tamed in every aspect of life which rips down their true history and identity. It has not only been the technique of imperialists but even the rulers of any free nation adopt the same method to get a noble recognition in the history. The original and true history of such nations disappears as it has always been reframed by the emperors to get their good names. But the fact is that history never dies though it is removed from the scene for some time. When such colonies get freedom, the revival of the history and heritage of such nations occurred that help them to assert their identity at world level. There are some departments which consider it their responsibility to revisit and present the original history by uncovering all the artificiality from its face. The purpose of present study is to highlight the struggle of Pakistani theatre named “Ajoka” for the renaissance of Sub-continental History and Heritage in Ajoka Plays and Performances.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123648825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates English language textbooks from the point of view of cultural development in pedagogical text. The focus of present study was to analyze contrasting and shared perceptions of congenital Islamic culture in pedagogical text broadly written in English language textbooks formed by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) at Elementary level i.e. 6th, 7th, and 8th grade classes. Appropriate implications of linguistic modality make possible to build ideological viewpoint related to cultural development in political, social, institutional and media discourse, so, using critical approach with the combination of CDA framework by Fairclough and SFG by Halliday. This study examines the said institutional discourse from different perspectives to clue that how fundamental Islamic philosophy is sharply described under different circumstances. The study is also an exposure of authors’ viewpoint related to portrayal of Islamic culture and needs of cultural sensitivity in such a text related to young learners’ education. In this way, this paper reveals the straightforward instances related to implicit portrayal of Islamic ideology with the help of numerous modality indicators. It has been observed that language textbooks are not only an authentic source of language learning but also a reliable system of cultural development. Findings of this paper expose that writers, policy makers and publishers of PTB want to portray Islamic ideology intentionally within the pedagogical text of English language textbooks at elementary level, so, the findings of this paper would be helpful for learners, educationists, course designers, institutions and language teachers. Keywords: Modality, Textbooks, Ideology, Discourse
{"title":"Portrayal of Islamic Ideology: Modality analysis of PTB English language textbooks","authors":"A. Tahir, Rashid Mahmood, Afzal ul Haque","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates English language textbooks from the point of view of cultural development in pedagogical text. The focus of present study was to analyze contrasting and shared perceptions of congenital Islamic culture in pedagogical text broadly written in English language textbooks formed by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) at Elementary level i.e. 6th, 7th, and 8th grade classes. Appropriate implications of linguistic modality make possible to build ideological viewpoint related to cultural development in political, social, institutional and media discourse, so, using critical approach with the combination of CDA framework by Fairclough and SFG by Halliday. This study examines the said institutional discourse from different perspectives to clue that how fundamental Islamic philosophy is sharply described under different circumstances. The study is also an exposure of authors’ viewpoint related to portrayal of Islamic culture and needs of cultural sensitivity in such a text related to young learners’ education. In this way, this paper reveals the straightforward instances related to implicit portrayal of Islamic ideology with the help of numerous modality indicators. It has been observed that language textbooks are not only an authentic source of language learning but also a reliable system of cultural development. Findings of this paper expose that writers, policy makers and publishers of PTB want to portray Islamic ideology intentionally within the pedagogical text of English language textbooks at elementary level, so, the findings of this paper would be helpful for learners, educationists, course designers, institutions and language teachers. \u0000Keywords: Modality, Textbooks, Ideology, Discourse","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130468706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study focuses on discovering what approach Pakistani teachers are taking with regard to Chinese and English language teaching and can it promote language learning in the manner they teach? The current study explores numerous styles of teaching approaches and teaching techniques that Chinese and English teachers find to be successful in teaching a language class. This thesis primarily pursued quantitative analysis methodology. The survey approach was primarily used to gather data as defined and quantified by SPSS 23 statistical tools. In data analysis, the researcher uses descriptive statistics to examine and interpret results, obtained by questionnaires. This study's sample contained both Chinese and English students at the institutional level. In specific, for data gathering, a total of 80 respondents were approached from the Faisalabad district. The targeted respondents answered a questionnaire structured in the framework of the Likert scale. The results suggest that English students were considered to be active learners, whereas Chinese students deemed passive learners. This study demonstrates that institutes and organizations of Chinese and English languages need various modifications or changes, on applicable linguistic views regarding language instruction in Pakistan. Keywords: FLT, teaching methods, teaching strategies, Chinese language, English language.
{"title":"English and Chinese as a foreign language at institutional level in Pakistan: Teaching methods and Strategies","authors":"Aisha Ilyas, Arslan Tahir, Muhammad Ismail Tagga","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on discovering what approach Pakistani teachers are taking with regard to Chinese and English language teaching and can it promote language learning in the manner they teach? The current study explores numerous styles of teaching approaches and teaching techniques that Chinese and English teachers find to be successful in teaching a language class. This thesis primarily pursued quantitative analysis methodology. The survey approach was primarily used to gather data as defined and quantified by SPSS 23 statistical tools. In data analysis, the researcher uses descriptive statistics to examine and interpret results, obtained by questionnaires. This study's sample contained both Chinese and English students at the institutional level. In specific, for data gathering, a total of 80 respondents were approached from the Faisalabad district. The targeted respondents answered a questionnaire structured in the framework of the Likert scale. The results suggest that English students were considered to be active learners, whereas Chinese students deemed passive learners. This study demonstrates that institutes and organizations of Chinese and English languages need various modifications or changes, on applicable linguistic views regarding language instruction in Pakistan. \u0000Keywords: FLT, teaching methods, teaching strategies, Chinese language, English language.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124725379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the fragmentation as postmodernist narrative technique in Mohsin Hamid’s novel “How to get filthy rich in rising Asia” is examined. He uses structural inequalities, grammatically incorrect sentences, phrases and dependent clauses. The term fragmentation is coined by Bell Hooks to highlight the problem of “hierarchy of oppression” within the feminist paradigm. Fragmentation is the major thematic concern of postmodern art that sets new parameters for the narrative techniques of postmodern literature. Fragmentation in the literary work involves complexity on semantic level where the various words act as signifier and signified at the same time. Therefore, this study probes the fundamentals of fragmentation in the text that reflects the radical changes in the postmodern society and focuses on the little narratives that create fragmented truth and cause anarchy, uncertainty and chaos in the world.
{"title":"Fragmentation and Postmodern studies: An analysis of Mohsin Hamid’s Novel “How to get filthy rich in rising Asia”","authors":"U. Munir, Q. Sumaira","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the fragmentation as postmodernist narrative technique in Mohsin Hamid’s novel “How to get filthy rich in rising Asia” is examined. He uses structural inequalities, grammatically incorrect sentences, phrases and dependent clauses. The term fragmentation is coined by Bell Hooks to highlight the problem of “hierarchy of oppression” within the feminist paradigm. Fragmentation is the major thematic concern of postmodern art that sets new parameters for the narrative techniques of postmodern literature. Fragmentation in the literary work involves complexity on semantic level where the various words act as signifier and signified at the same time. Therefore, this study probes the fundamentals of fragmentation in the text that reflects the radical changes in the postmodern society and focuses on the little narratives that create fragmented truth and cause anarchy, uncertainty and chaos in the world.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116646105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research is a Critical Discourse Analysis of single postcolonial text The River Between by Ngugi (1965). It focuses to explore the discursive techniques employed in the selected text to propagate the concept of gendered Othering. Aim of the researcher is to find how the colonizers other the Kenyans by presenting their stereotypical representations in their discourse and how Ngugi unmasks the Whiteman’s self constructed ideologies about them. The researcher employs Van Dijk’s (2004) analytical model to decode the text critically at words, phrases, sentences and discourse levels. The analytical devices adopted for the present research from this model are:' Actor description', 'categorization', ‘lexicalization', 'authority', ‘polarization' and ‘metaphor'. Further linguistic devices included in the model are: ‘repetition’ and ‘Absolute Term’. All these discursive techniques have been employed to decode the randomly selected data from the given text. The findings show that the theme of gendered othering is very dominant in the selected text and all the mentioned analytical devices have been frequently employed in the selected text to propagate the ideological representations of culture, gender and race.
{"title":"A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE RIVER BETWEEN BY NGUGI WA THIANG’O: STUDY OF GENDER OTHERING","authors":"Ghulam Yasin, Shaukat Ali","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v2i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The present research is a Critical Discourse Analysis of single postcolonial text The River Between by Ngugi (1965). It focuses to explore the discursive techniques employed in the selected text to propagate the concept of gendered Othering. Aim of the researcher is to find how the colonizers other the Kenyans by presenting their stereotypical representations in their discourse and how Ngugi unmasks the Whiteman’s self constructed ideologies about them. The researcher employs Van Dijk’s (2004) analytical model to decode the text critically at words, phrases, sentences and discourse levels. The analytical devices adopted for the present research from this model are:' Actor description', 'categorization', ‘lexicalization', 'authority', ‘polarization' and ‘metaphor'. Further linguistic devices included in the model are: ‘repetition’ and ‘Absolute Term’. All these discursive techniques have been employed to decode the randomly selected data from the given text. The findings show that the theme of gendered othering is very dominant in the selected text and all the mentioned analytical devices have been frequently employed in the selected text to propagate the ideological representations of culture, gender and race.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, it is debated that identity is more a matter of practicality than a philosophy in the colonial and postcolonial world. There is a detailed delineation on cultural as well as cross cultural identities, given to migrants living in a metropolis. The researcher has focused on transnational English Novel The Black Album written by Hanif Kureishi in 1995. Philosophies and critical notions concerning hybridity and cultural globalization are focused and it is argued that migration is also a part of a transnational culture. The researcher through dominant discourses on culture and identity of globalized nations has explored the selected literary writing. The purpose is to find out whether English literature particularly literature writing on migrants are also dealing with same philosophies of identity or they are promoting diverse issues. The research has concluded that no doubt cultural purity is significant and essential to survive but, in a metropolis, where multiple nations are living, this cultural purity must be guarded with ambivalence when question of multiple identities arises. The research has explored different factors that are involved in globalization of different cultures and then promote cultural hybridity with an influence on identity of an individual, and community, or a culture.
{"title":"A Case of Multiple Identities in Globalized World of The Black Album","authors":"Zoobia Abbas, Dr. Zia Ahmed","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.17","url":null,"abstract":" In this paper, it is debated that identity is more a matter of practicality than a philosophy in the colonial and postcolonial world. There is a detailed delineation on cultural as well as cross cultural identities, given to migrants living in a metropolis. The researcher has focused on transnational English Novel The Black Album written by Hanif Kureishi in 1995. Philosophies and critical notions concerning hybridity and cultural globalization are focused and it is argued that migration is also a part of a transnational culture. The researcher through dominant discourses on culture and identity of globalized nations has explored the selected literary writing. The purpose is to find out whether English literature particularly literature writing on migrants are also dealing with same philosophies of identity or they are promoting diverse issues. The research has concluded that no doubt cultural purity is significant and essential to survive but, in a metropolis, where multiple nations are living, this cultural purity must be guarded with ambivalence when question of multiple identities arises. The research has explored different factors that are involved in globalization of different cultures and then promote cultural hybridity with an influence on identity of an individual, and community, or a culture. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need of evolving a standardized Romanization table, which is used for writing Urdu language on mobile phones, laptops or tabs etc. Use of Urdu language in Roman script is in vogue in our daily life. Internet and mobile users have conveniently adopted Roman script since long for writing Urdu. But it is being used in an irregular and disorganized way. Therefore, an organized and systematic Roman script is imperative to explore ample possibilities of its usage. The current study is qualitative in nature. The Urdu Romanization table is used as a tool in this regard. This tool has been framed by finding out equivalents of Urdu alphabets in the Roman letters so that the sounds and etymology of the traditional Pearsio Arabic script of Urdu from different languages (Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and Turkish) could be used and preserved in a proper way.
{"title":"USE OF ROMAN SCRIPT FOR WRITING URDU LANGUAGE","authors":"Zahra Ansari, Shaukat Ali, Fatima Khan","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to highlight the need of evolving a standardized Romanization table, which is used for writing Urdu language on mobile phones, laptops or tabs etc. Use of Urdu language in Roman script is in vogue in our daily life. Internet and mobile users have conveniently adopted Roman script since long for writing Urdu. But it is being used in an irregular and disorganized way. Therefore, an organized and systematic Roman script is imperative to explore ample possibilities of its usage. The current study is qualitative in nature. The Urdu Romanization table is used as a tool in this regard. This tool has been framed by finding out equivalents of Urdu alphabets in the Roman letters so that the sounds and etymology of the traditional Pearsio Arabic script of Urdu from different languages (Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and Turkish) could be used and preserved in a proper way.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129404151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Qasim, Ammara Batool, Muhammad Shafqat Nawaz
Conjunctive cohesion is an indispensable linguistic signpost that writers use to create a logical relationship between the parts of the text (Halliday and Hasan, 1976). In the present study, the conjunctive analysis of Pakistani Social Science Articles (PSSA) has been carried out. This study is corpus-based, and the corpus comprised 250 articles that were taken from five Social science disciplines: Applied Linguistics (AL), English Literature (EL), Business Administration (BA), Sociology (SL), and Psychology (PL). The distribution of 50 articles from each discipline had been retrieved from online sources. The frequencies of conjunctive features (CFs) were counted and compared, and conjunctive features (CFs) were studied functionally. A comprehensive model on conjunctive cohesion (CC) has been proposed for the classification of cohesive devices. The results revealed that all the writers used extension conjunction more frequently than other conjunctions. Additive cohesion, a sub-category of extension conjunction, was used more frequently across the academic writings of all disciplines in general and discipline of EL in particular. The sub-categories of elaboration and enhancement conjunction, exemplification and causative, were also found to be used more frequently in addition to the additive cohesion. Consequently, it was concluded that the academic writings of EL had high frequencies of conjunctive cohesion, and various categories of conjunctive cohesion were used to serve certain purposes. This study has practical implications for social science teachers and scholars in addition to EFL/ESL students.
连词衔接是作家在篇章各部分之间建立逻辑关系所不可或缺的语言标志(Halliday and Hasan, 1976)。本研究对巴基斯坦社会科学论文(PSSA)进行了关联分析。本研究以语料库为基础，语料库包括来自五个社会科学学科的250篇文章:应用语言学(AL)、英国文学(EL)、工商管理(BA)、社会学(SL)和心理学(PL)。每个学科50篇文章的分布已从网上资源中检索。对连接特征的频率进行了统计和比较，并对连接特征进行了功能研究。本文提出了一个综合的连接衔接模型，用于衔接手段的分类。结果表明，所有作者使用扩展连词的频率都高于其他连词。加性衔接是引申衔接的一个子类别，在所有学科的学术著作中使用得更为频繁，尤其是英语语言学科。除了加性衔接外，细化和强化连接、例证和使役的子类别也被发现使用得更频繁。结果表明，英语学术文章中连接衔接的使用频率较高，并且使用了各种类型的连接衔接来达到一定的目的。本研究对社会科学教师和学者以及EFL/ESL学生具有实际意义。
{"title":"A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF CONJUNCTIVE COHESION IN PAKISTANI RESEARCH ARTICLES","authors":"Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Qasim, Ammara Batool, Muhammad Shafqat Nawaz","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Conjunctive cohesion is an indispensable linguistic signpost that writers use to create a logical relationship between the parts of the text (Halliday and Hasan, 1976). In the present study, the conjunctive analysis of Pakistani Social Science Articles (PSSA) has been carried out. This study is corpus-based, and the corpus comprised 250 articles that were taken from five Social science disciplines: Applied Linguistics (AL), English Literature (EL), Business Administration (BA), Sociology (SL), and Psychology (PL). The distribution of 50 articles from each discipline had been retrieved from online sources. The frequencies of conjunctive features (CFs) were counted and compared, and conjunctive features (CFs) were studied functionally. A comprehensive model on conjunctive cohesion (CC) has been proposed for the classification of cohesive devices. The results revealed that all the writers used extension conjunction more frequently than other conjunctions. Additive cohesion, a sub-category of extension conjunction, was used more frequently across the academic writings of all disciplines in general and discipline of EL in particular. The sub-categories of elaboration and enhancement conjunction, exemplification and causative, were also found to be used more frequently in addition to the additive cohesion. Consequently, it was concluded that the academic writings of EL had high frequencies of conjunctive cohesion, and various categories of conjunctive cohesion were used to serve certain purposes. This study has practical implications for social science teachers and scholars in addition to EFL/ESL students.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133553064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the teaching approaches and methods that are currently used worldwide, Dogme ELT is a modern one that claims to show better results because of creating a natural learning environment. This action research was performed in order to examine the intermediate level learners’ feedback about Dogme ELT to improve essay writing skills. The data was collected after teaching through Dogme techniques and analyzed by applying mixed methods. The learners’ responses to motivational aspects of learning, their participation and performance in the class and the impacts of Dogme Pedagogy, recorded after Dogme ELT treatment, demonstrated that Dogme ELT techniques proved themselves very effective and successful in improving essay-writing skills. Many of the participants of this class wished to have been taught through such teaching-learning techniques from the very beginning. All these responses showed better learning outcomes by using Dogme Pedagogy to improve academic essay writing skills of intermediate level learners.
{"title":"Practicing Dogme ELT Techniques to Improve Academic Essay Writing: An Evaluative Study of Learners’ Perception","authors":"Muhammad Amjad, Dr. Adnan Tahir, Dr. Zia Ahmed","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Among the teaching approaches and methods that are currently used worldwide, Dogme ELT is a modern one that claims to show better results because of creating a natural learning environment. This action research was performed in order to examine the intermediate level learners’ feedback about Dogme ELT to improve essay writing skills. The data was collected after teaching through Dogme techniques and analyzed by applying mixed methods. The learners’ responses to motivational aspects of learning, their participation and performance in the class and the impacts of Dogme Pedagogy, recorded after Dogme ELT treatment, demonstrated that Dogme ELT techniques proved themselves very effective and successful in improving essay-writing skills. Many of the participants of this class wished to have been taught through such teaching-learning techniques from the very beginning. All these responses showed better learning outcomes by using Dogme Pedagogy to improve academic essay writing skills of intermediate level learners.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132494876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores the comparisons to human performance which are often made in quite general and exaggerated terms. Thus, it is important to be able to account for differences accurately. This paper reports a simple, descriptive scheme for comparing translations, which is applied to four Surahs of the Holy Quran, and compares the human translation with machine translation. The method applied for the study is qualitative. Within the qualitative domains, one of the four methods of assessment of translation has been adopted from Waddington (2001). The analysis is done on four parameters namely textual, syntactic, semantic, and social. The results obtained from the data confirm that human translation is far better and superior in comparison with machine translation as human translation almost covers the four above-mentioned aspects. On the other hand, machine translation lacks and misses many important levels of translation and does not convey the true spirit of meaning from one language to another language. However, machine translation is quicker and faster as compared to human translation. It is concluded that machine translation is not as reliable, trustworthy, and dependable as human translation. This study has a prospect for further studies with some limitations of human translation.
{"title":"A TRANSLATION STUDY OF SELECTED SURAHS OF HOLY QURAN ON COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL BASIS OF HUMAN TRANSLATION VS MACHINE TRANSLATION","authors":"H. Zubair, Dr. Saba Sadia, Dr. Masroor Sibtain","doi":"10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v1i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the comparisons to human performance which are often made in quite general and exaggerated terms. Thus, it is important to be able to account for differences accurately. This paper reports a simple, descriptive scheme for comparing translations, which is applied to four Surahs of the Holy Quran, and compares the human translation with machine translation. The method applied for the study is qualitative. Within the qualitative domains, one of the four methods of assessment of translation has been adopted from Waddington (2001). The analysis is done on four parameters namely textual, syntactic, semantic, and social. The results obtained from the data confirm that human translation is far better and superior in comparison with machine translation as human translation almost covers the four above-mentioned aspects. On the other hand, machine translation lacks and misses many important levels of translation and does not convey the true spirit of meaning from one language to another language. However, machine translation is quicker and faster as compared to human translation. It is concluded that machine translation is not as reliable, trustworthy, and dependable as human translation. This study has a prospect for further studies with some limitations of human translation.","PeriodicalId":161767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Linguistics and Culture","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116529257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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