Journal of Medical Biography最新文献

Sir Arthur William Mickle Ellis (1883-1966) was born, raised and educated in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He had a distinguished medical career in North America and Europe which spanned important developments in medical research and education and culminated in appointment as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford University. He was a resident physician at the newly created Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute before the start of World War I. Serving with the Canadian Army Medical Corps in England, and responsible for the care of soldiers taken sick with highly virulent cerebrospinal meningitis, Ellis attempted an ambitious therapy and undertook laboratory investigations that impacted management of the disease directly. After the war, he became the Director of the Medical Unit and the first Professor of Medicine in the University of London at the London Hospital, and subsequently Regius Professor of Medicine in Oxford in World War II. As a research-driven academic physician, the career of Sir Arthur Ellis was influenced profoundly by Sir William Osler (1849-1919), the first Canadian to hold the position of Regius Professor in Oxford.

IntroductionLord Francis Bacon's (1561-1626) was fascinated by the phenomenon of 'putrefaction', which he saw in 'moulds' on food, 'mosse…of the Earth, and Trees' and the process of disease in living creatures. By observing the development of mould, Bacon deduced that certain 'aires' and 'seats' (places) were more healthy than others.AimTo interpret Bacon's ideas about putrefaction.MethodQualitative examination of Bacon's texts, especially 'Sylva Sylvarum'.ResultsBacon proposes comparing the speed of putrefaction between pieces of 'raw flesh' of the 'same Kinde and Bignesse' in different settings: 'within Doores' and 'abroad [outside]' as well as 'some height above the Earth' and 'upon the Flat [i.e. surface] of the Earth'. Thus, Bacon sought to identify more healthy 'seats of dwelling' …'for [residential] Lodges, and Retiring Places for Health'.ConclusionBacon's experiments represent early landmarks in two fields of medical research: evidence-based public health measures to improve housing and (by calculating 'post-mortem interval') forensic pathology. These contributions appear to have been overlooked, despite informing Sir John Pringle's 1752 treatise on military medicine. Bacon called for 'new learning' and his forensic approach highlights a need to engender the 'medical detective' in modern students of medicine.

This article examines the life and career of Mustafa Adil (1871-1904), a pioneering Ottoman veterinary physician, bacteriologist, and educator whose contributions significantly shaped the modernisation of public health and veterinary science in the late Ottoman Empire. Educated at the Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine in France, Adil played a leading role in developing diphtheria serotherapy and collaborated extensively with Maurice Nicolle on research into rinderpest, malaria, and the vaccinia virus. His laboratory achievements, combined with his leadership roles at the Imperial Veterinary Bacteriology Institute and the Civil Veterinary School, positioned him at the forefront of the professionalisation of veterinary medicine in the Empire. By tracing Adil's education, scientific work, and institutional influence, this study highlights his pivotal yet largely overlooked role in the transnational circulation of medical knowledge between Europe and the Ottoman world.

On 10 June 1600, Robert Auchmutie, a freeman of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh since 1591, was beheaded by the 'Maiden' on Edinburgh's Royal Mile; convicted of the slaughter of James Wauchope in a duel fought on 20th April. His very definitive end, the only known execution of a member of what is now the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, was itself the result of a much broader evolution of societal and legal factors. The changing attitudes towards 'trial by combat' in Scottish law and society across centuries, and the attitude of King James VI, directly combined to condemn him when he attempted to take a modern approach to an ancient judicial privilege afforded to the nobility. His case forms both a legal and social microcosm of the collision between old and new, and his execution was intended to serve as a cautionary act, undertaken as much to deter others from attempting the same as to minister justice. The lengths gone to by both Robert Auchmutie and the judiciary of his time, to evade and minister justice, respectively, had a major impact on Scottish law and society for centuries thereafter.

Dr William Reginald Morse, a Canadian physician, anatomist, and physical anthropologist, was a central figure in advancing medical education and anthropological research in Western China during the early twentieth century. As a medical missionary, he co-founded West China Union University, the first modern medical school in the region, where he served as dean and professor of anatomy for many years. Beyond his educational contributions, Morse established the West China Border Research Society, which focused on studying the region's politics, cultures, customs, and environment. As the Society's inaugural president, he championed interdisciplinary research in an area previously underexplored by Western scholars. Collaborating closely with Harvard University's Hooton Laboratory, Morse conducted extensive anthropological fieldwork in the borderlands, collecting valuable data on the diverse populations of the region. The renowned anthropologist D. C. Graham praised Morse as a trailblazer in the study of the West China frontier and a leading figure in physical anthropology, Chinese medicine, and medical education. Morse's endeavors not only deepened the understanding of Western China's unique cultural and social landscape but also positioned him as a pioneer at the intersection of medicine and anthropology.

Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin was a pioneering Turkish surgeon and scholar who lived in Amasya during the fifteenth century. His illustrated surgical treatise, Cerrahiye-i Ilhaniye (Ilkhanid Surgery), is considered a landmark in medical history, providing detailed descriptions of surgical operations and instruments accompanied by coloured illustrations. In addition to this seminal work, Sabuncuoğlu made significant contributions to experimental pharmacology in Anatolia through his work Mücerrebname (The Book of Experiences), which documents his pharmacological experiments on animals and himself. This paper aims to provide a biographical account of Sabuncuoğlu's life and to highlight his enduring contributions to medical science.

The Second World War was an important, but under-researched, transitional period for naval nursing. This article describes one sister's experience and sets it against the narrative in official histories and wartime memoirs and art. Margaret Wallace, a Scot from the skilled working class, was within the demographic that the service's Victorian founders hoped would be attracted. She worked in representative wartime facilities: the largest British auxiliary naval hospital, a secret multi-national naval base, the Headquarters of South East Asia Command in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and Haslar, the iconic Royal Naval hospital. She experienced many of the defining characteristics of military nursing during the war: revolutions in medical practice including near-magical cures by the new antibiotics, an urgent need for tri-service and cross-national working which upset centuries of tradition, the censorious attitude of some regulars to civilians drafted in as temporary officers and social mixing in the twilight of Empire.

Introduction: Jeffry Hyman (1951-2001), an introvert boy from Queens, New York City, grew up to become one of the most iconic figures in New York's punk rock scene in the mid-1970s: Joey Ramone. In this study, we explored how Joey and his family coped with his health issues and peculiar behaviors, which were eventually identified as symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: A narrative review of biographical sources was conducted to explore and infer the impact of Joey's OCD on his close relationships. Results: The onset of OCD and concomitant hoarding behaviors during his teenage years profoundly disrupted family dynamics, leading to considerable burden and generating conflicts. Discussion: Joey Ramone's pathobiography and the impact of his illness on family members and close friends shed light on the intricate relationships between OCD, hoarding disorder, and family accommodation.

Sir John Floyer (1649-1734) was an English physician and author, notable for developing the pulse watch, advancing understanding of asthma pathophysiology, the first pathological description of emphysema and as an advocate of coldwater bathing. In 1702, he published a book with Edward Baynard MD (c1641-1717) on coldwater bathing. Therein, a postscript to a letter by Baynard describes a controlled trial of water therapy using two boys of 'near of a Speed and Strength' to race 100 yards. After immersing the loser in cold water, the race should be re-run. Now the immersed loser emerges as victor. Textual evidence suggests that its author was Floyer rather than Baynard. That the experiment took place is implied by Floyer's certainty in its outcome. It may have served as an 'exhibition' to promote his coldwater treatment. Floyer does not appear to repeat his controlled trial in his other books. He does, however, record basic observational comparisons of the effects of age, sex, diet, and month upon pulse rate. He also places data in basic tables and recognises normal variability ('latitude') in pulse rate. By linking ranges of pulse rate to clinical outcome, Floyer's work envisions modern clinical decision-making tools.

The aim of this article is to investigate the professional, corporate and scientific career of the Girona surgeon José Pascual y Prats (1854-1931). His work at the Provincial Hospital of Santa Catalina in Girona and as dean of the provincial charitable medical corps should be highlighted, as should his presidency of the province's medical associations, and his creation and direction of the bulletins of both organisations, as well as his promotion of the Index Medicus Hispanus. Therefore, his biography allows us to consider three fundamental aspects of medical science during the Spain of the Restoration: associations, press and bibliography. At the same time, he maintained epistolary contacts with his family and friends, as well as with different representatives of the social elites of Girona and the Catalan and Spanish medical oligarchy. In short, Pascual was the most important physician of this period in the city and one of the most remarkable health professionals of contemporary Catalonia.