An experimental investigation into the oxidation kinetics of molten sulfide has been conducted at laboratory scale to provide information concerning the influence of the gas feed (flow and oxygen pressure) and melt temperature on the desulfurization rate. Data showed that the reaction rate was strongly dependent on the gas flow rate and significantly from oxygen pressure, whereas the influence of temperature was negligible. The variation of the sulfur conversion with the operation time was similar to that found in industrial trials when “white metal” was blown to blister copper in a Peirce-Smith converter. A unique equation for both scales could be established. This correlation made it possible to calculate the operation time in the converter at different gas flow rates and oxygen enrichments.
{"title":"A Kinetic Comparison between Laboratory and Industrial Scales in the Copper Blowing Process","authors":"A. Roselló, J. Martínez, F. Carrillo","doi":"10.1155/2009/621824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/621824","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation into the oxidation kinetics of molten sulfide has been conducted at laboratory scale to provide information concerning the influence of the gas feed (flow and oxygen pressure) and melt temperature on the desulfurization rate. Data showed that the reaction rate was strongly dependent on the gas flow rate and significantly from oxygen pressure, whereas the influence of temperature was negligible. The variation of the sulfur conversion with the operation time was similar to that found in industrial trials when “white metal” was blown to blister copper in a Peirce-Smith converter. A unique equation for both scales could be established. This correlation made it possible to calculate the operation time in the converter at different gas flow rates and oxygen enrichments.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78609905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to improve the surface quality and formability of 3003 aluminum alloy sheet, laser-textured rolls are used in cold rolling. The influences of the cold rolling procedures with conventional and laser-textured rolls on the evolution of microstructure and texture were studied by the means of microstructural observations and X-ray texture analysis. Experimental results show that the microstructures are similar besides the samples rolled with laser-textured rolls containing a relatively larger amount of shear bands. The sheets deformed with conventional rolls have developed the typical rolling textures of FCC metals, which consist of Bs, Cu, and S components. However, the rolling textures of the sheets rolled with laser-textured rolls are comparatively weak, and the shear texture is developed on the surface layer, but not observed in the intermediate layer of the sheet. The intensity of the rotated cube orientation increases with the increase of rolling reduction and then decreases after 90% rolling reduction.
{"title":"Study on the Microstructure and Texture of 3003 Aluminum Sheets Rolled by Laser-Textured Roll","authors":"Chunbo Cai, Z. Ji, Huajun Zhang, Guojun Wang","doi":"10.1155/2009/587938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/587938","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the surface quality and formability of 3003 aluminum alloy sheet, laser-textured rolls are used in cold rolling. The influences of the cold rolling procedures with conventional and laser-textured rolls on the evolution of microstructure and texture were studied by the means of microstructural observations and X-ray texture analysis. Experimental results show that the microstructures are similar besides the samples rolled with laser-textured rolls containing a relatively larger amount of shear bands. The sheets deformed with conventional rolls have developed the typical rolling textures of FCC metals, which consist of Bs, Cu, and S components. However, the rolling textures of the sheets rolled with laser-textured rolls are comparatively weak, and the shear texture <path id=\"x7B\" d=\"M293 -169q-145 0 -145 128q0 35 4 106t3 104q0 17 -2 28t-10 25.5t-28 23t-51 10.5v29q31 2 51 10.5t28 23t10 25.5t2 28q0 31 -4 101t-3 104q0 132 145 132v-28q-51 -7 -67.5 -30t-16.5 -63q0 -32 6.5 -99.5t6.5 -100.5q0 -97 -83 -115v-4q83 -20 83 -117\u0000q0 -34 -6.5 -99.5t-6.5 -96.5q0 -41 16.5 -65.5t67.5 -31.5v-28z\" /> <path id=\"x30\" d=\"M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105\u0000q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z\" /> <path id=\"x7D\" d=\"M283 255q-31 -2 -51 -10.5t-28 -23.5t-10 -27t-2 -30q0 -28 4 -97.5t4 -107.5q0 -128 -146 -128v28q50 7 67.5 31t17.5 63q0 33 -7 100t-7 98q0 96 84 117v4q-84 20 -84 115q0 34 7 102.5t7 98.5q0 40 -17.5 63t-67.5 30v28q28 0 50 -4t45.5 -16.5t37 -40t13.5 -68.5\u0000q0 -37 -4 -106.5t-4 -98.5q0 -18 2 -30t10 -27t28 -23.5t51 -10.5v-29z\" /> is developed on the surface layer, but not observed in the intermediate layer of the sheet. The intensity of the rotated cube orientation increases with the increase of rolling reduction and then decreases after 90% rolling reduction.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87250872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kondoh, H. Imai, Y. Kosaka, Akimichi Kojima, J. Umeda
Advanced Cu-40mass%Zn alloys with a high tensile strength and excellent machinability have been developed via a powder metallurgy (P/M) process. They are environmentally benign because fine graphite particles are included instead of lead (Pb) to improve their machinability. The effect of the content and particle size of the graphite on the mechanical properties and machinability are investigated in this paper. When applying a conventional P/M process consisting of the cold compaction and hot extrusion to consolidate elementally premixed mixture of Cu-40mass%Zn and graphite powder, the addition of 1 mass% graphite particles with 5∼10 𝜇m in diameter is suitable to obtain a high tensile strength and good machinability at the same time.
{"title":"Machinable Cu-40%Zn Composites Containing Graphite Particles by Powder Metallurgy Process","authors":"K. Kondoh, H. Imai, Y. Kosaka, Akimichi Kojima, J. Umeda","doi":"10.1155/2009/853092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/853092","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Cu-40mass%Zn alloys with a high tensile strength and excellent machinability have been developed via a powder metallurgy (P/M) process. They are environmentally benign because fine graphite particles are included instead of lead (Pb) to improve their machinability. The effect of the content and particle size of the graphite on the mechanical properties and machinability are investigated in this paper. When applying a conventional P/M process consisting of the cold compaction and hot extrusion to consolidate elementally premixed mixture of Cu-40mass%Zn and graphite powder, the addition of 1 mass% graphite particles with 5∼10 𝜇m in diameter is suitable to obtain a high tensile strength and good machinability at the same time.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73370247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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