Journal of Metallurgy has retracted the article titled “Inhibition Effect of Substituted iadiazoles on Corrosion Activity of N80 Steel in HCl Solution” [1]. e article was found to contain images reused in several other articles published by Mahendra Yadav and colleagues. e details of the reuse of images are as follows: Figure 9(b) is similar to Figure 11b in [2], Figure 17b in [3], Figure 14b in [4], and Figure 5b in [5]. Figure 9(c) is similar to Figure 11c in [2], Figure 17c in [3], and Figure 14c in [4]. In particular, Figure 9 in [1] shares the same image of a sample in HCl as Figure 11 in [2] and the same image in the presence of an inhibitor, but these represent different inhibitors in each article, AMPT, and BAL, respectively. We asked the authors to provide the underlying uncropped and unadjusted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the raw data, and details of how the experiments were conducted. e corresponding author, Dr. Yadav, said the SEM work was outsourced but did not give details on where, when, or by whom this work was performed. e equipment is described as a “JEOL JSM-6380 LA analytical scanning electron microscope” in this article. However, there is no description of the scanning electron microscope in [2] and in [6] it is described as a “Scanning Electron Microscope model SEM Jeol JSM-5800.” ese are not the same model of microscope, despite these articles sharing some of the same SEM images. Dr. Yadav provided uswith replacement figures.However, they were identical for two of the articles, [1, 6], despite representing experiments with the inhibitors AMPT and ODAEODI, respectively. We were not told how these images were generated, the images were of low resolution, and the text in the images was illegible. e corresponding author agreed to retraction and we have asked the institution to formally investigate. References
{"title":"Retracted: Inhibition Effect of Substituted Thiadiazoles on Corrosion Activity of N80 Steel in HCl Solution","authors":"M. Yadav, Sumit Kumar, D. Behera","doi":"10.1155/2019/1678431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1678431","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Metallurgy has retracted the article titled “Inhibition Effect of Substituted iadiazoles on Corrosion Activity of N80 Steel in HCl Solution” [1]. e article was found to contain images reused in several other articles published by Mahendra Yadav and colleagues. e details of the reuse of images are as follows: Figure 9(b) is similar to Figure 11b in [2], Figure 17b in [3], Figure 14b in [4], and Figure 5b in [5]. Figure 9(c) is similar to Figure 11c in [2], Figure 17c in [3], and Figure 14c in [4]. In particular, Figure 9 in [1] shares the same image of a sample in HCl as Figure 11 in [2] and the same image in the presence of an inhibitor, but these represent different inhibitors in each article, AMPT, and BAL, respectively. We asked the authors to provide the underlying uncropped and unadjusted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the raw data, and details of how the experiments were conducted. e corresponding author, Dr. Yadav, said the SEM work was outsourced but did not give details on where, when, or by whom this work was performed. e equipment is described as a “JEOL JSM-6380 LA analytical scanning electron microscope” in this article. However, there is no description of the scanning electron microscope in [2] and in [6] it is described as a “Scanning Electron Microscope model SEM Jeol JSM-5800.” ese are not the same model of microscope, despite these articles sharing some of the same SEM images. Dr. Yadav provided uswith replacement figures.However, they were identical for two of the articles, [1, 6], despite representing experiments with the inhibitors AMPT and ODAEODI, respectively. We were not told how these images were generated, the images were of low resolution, and the text in the images was illegible. e corresponding author agreed to retraction and we have asked the institution to formally investigate. References","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88374647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fact that the microstructure of steel depends on its composition and the heat treatment given to it has been heavily exploited in the design of steel for power plant applications. To obtain a steel that can function at the higher temperature where power plants operate without failure for extended life, heat treatment is needed to produce fine and highly stable dispersion of carbides, nitrides, and intermetallic compounds in the microstructure of the material. A significant contribution also comes from solid solution strengthening by substitutional solutes. We review here various types of phases, microstructures, functions, and interacting effects of the various alloying elements in the design of steel for modern power plant application.
{"title":"Physical metallurgy of modern creep-resistant steel for steam power plants: microstructure and phase transformations","authors":"V. Igwemezie, C. C. Ugwuegbu, U. Mark","doi":"10.1155/2016/5468292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5468292","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that the microstructure of steel depends on its composition and the heat treatment given to it has been heavily exploited in the design of steel for power plant applications. To obtain a steel that can function at the higher temperature where power plants operate without failure for extended life, heat treatment is needed to produce fine and highly stable dispersion of carbides, nitrides, and intermetallic compounds in the microstructure of the material. A significant contribution also comes from solid solution strengthening by substitutional solutes. We review here various types of phases, microstructures, functions, and interacting effects of the various alloying elements in the design of steel for modern power plant application.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"112 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88978857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohanad Alabdullah, Ashwin Polishetty, G. Littlefair
Inferior surface quality is a significant problem faced by machinist. The purpose of this study is to present a surface texture analysis undertaken as part of machinability assessment of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel alloy-AL6XN. The surface texture analysis includes measuring the surface roughness and investigating the microstructural behaviour of the machined surfaces. Eight milling trials were conducted using combination of cutting parameters under wet machining. An optical profilometer (noncontact) was used to evaluate the surface texture at three positions. The surface texture was represented using the parameter, average surface roughness. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilised to inspect the machined surface microstructure and correlate the microstructure with the surface roughness. Results showed that maximum roughness values recorded at the three positions in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the machining grooves) were 1.21 μm (trial 1), 1.63 μm (trial 6), and 1.68 μm (trial 7), respectively, whereas the roughness values were greatly reduced in the lateral direction. Also, results showed that the feed rate parameter significantly influences the roughness values compared to the other cutting parameters. The microstructure of the machined surfaces was distorted by the existence of cracks, deformed edges, and bands and wear deposition due to machining process.
{"title":"Microstructural and Surface Texture Analysis due to Machining in Super Austenitic Stainless Steel","authors":"Mohanad Alabdullah, Ashwin Polishetty, G. Littlefair","doi":"10.1155/2016/3685312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3685312","url":null,"abstract":"Inferior surface quality is a significant problem faced by machinist. The purpose of this study is to present a surface texture analysis undertaken as part of machinability assessment of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel alloy-AL6XN. The surface texture analysis includes measuring the surface roughness and investigating the microstructural behaviour of the machined surfaces. Eight milling trials were conducted using combination of cutting parameters under wet machining. An optical profilometer (noncontact) was used to evaluate the surface texture at three positions. The surface texture was represented using the parameter, average surface roughness. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilised to inspect the machined surface microstructure and correlate the microstructure with the surface roughness. Results showed that maximum roughness values recorded at the three positions in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the machining grooves) were 1.21 μm (trial 1), 1.63 μm (trial 6), and 1.68 μm (trial 7), respectively, whereas the roughness values were greatly reduced in the lateral direction. Also, results showed that the feed rate parameter significantly influences the roughness values compared to the other cutting parameters. The microstructure of the machined surfaces was distorted by the existence of cracks, deformed edges, and bands and wear deposition due to machining process.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89030286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Phan, J. Kelly, M. E. Kassner, V. Eliasson, O. Graeve, A. Hodge
We developed a unique three-point bend testing apparatus to measure bulk mechanical properties of a model metallic glass alloy (SAM2X5 with nominal composition Fe49.7Cr17.1Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4) prepared by spark plasma sintering. The relatively large sample sizes in the present work allowed for the preparation of test specimens with a macroscale cross section (in the millimeter range) with well-controlled sample dimensions closer to standardized tests. Wire saw cutting allowed for a relatively sharp notch radius (3x smaller than previous studies) and minimal sample damage. We determined that Young’s modulus and notch fracture toughness measured by our three-point bending apparatus are 230 GPa and 4.9 MPam1/2. Also, Vickers indentation and flexure testing provided consistent results for Young’s modulus. Indentation fracture toughness measured by Vickers indentation produced values at least 50% lower than by flexure. The microscale mechanical properties testing technique presented in this work and subsequent analyses are applicable to specimens of other compositions or ones prepared by other methods.
{"title":"Bulk Mechanical Properties Testing of Metallic Marginal Glass Formers","authors":"T. Phan, J. Kelly, M. E. Kassner, V. Eliasson, O. Graeve, A. Hodge","doi":"10.1155/2016/6508597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6508597","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a unique three-point bend testing apparatus to measure bulk mechanical properties of a model metallic glass alloy (SAM2X5 with nominal composition Fe49.7Cr17.1Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4) prepared by spark plasma sintering. The relatively large sample sizes in the present work allowed for the preparation of test specimens with a macroscale cross section (in the millimeter range) with well-controlled sample dimensions closer to standardized tests. Wire saw cutting allowed for a relatively sharp notch radius (3x smaller than previous studies) and minimal sample damage. We determined that Young’s modulus and notch fracture toughness measured by our three-point bending apparatus are 230 GPa and 4.9 MPam1/2. Also, Vickers indentation and flexure testing provided consistent results for Young’s modulus. Indentation fracture toughness measured by Vickers indentation produced values at least 50% lower than by flexure. The microscale mechanical properties testing technique presented in this work and subsequent analyses are applicable to specimens of other compositions or ones prepared by other methods.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74975278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays near-net-shape casting technology is an important area of research in the iron and steel industry. Among different kinds of near-net-shape casting process, twin-roll casting process has received much attention among researchers. Twin-roll casting (TRC) has been the subject of extensive research, not only to develop the technology but also to achieve an understanding of microstructural evolution and to produce quality strips. The main issues concerning the design and operation of twin-roll casters are metal-mold heat transfer, metal delivery system, and their possible effects on the solid shell formation and characteristics of the strips. The present review gives an idea about the process aspect, modeling, and quality issues in vertical twin-roll strip casting process and helps to improve the design of twin-roll strip caster.
{"title":"Review on Vertical Twin-Roll Strip Casting: A Key Technology for Quality Strips","authors":"Seshadev Sahoo","doi":"10.1155/2016/1038950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1038950","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays near-net-shape casting technology is an important area of research in the iron and steel industry. Among different kinds of near-net-shape casting process, twin-roll casting process has received much attention among researchers. Twin-roll casting (TRC) has been the subject of extensive research, not only to develop the technology but also to achieve an understanding of microstructural evolution and to produce quality strips. The main issues concerning the design and operation of twin-roll casters are metal-mold heat transfer, metal delivery system, and their possible effects on the solid shell formation and characteristics of the strips. The present review gives an idea about the process aspect, modeling, and quality issues in vertical twin-roll strip casting process and helps to improve the design of twin-roll strip caster.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"345 7","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91420937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. S. Jesús, A. Bolarín-Miró, C. Escobedo, G. Torres-Villaseñor, P. Vera-Serna
A systematic study on the structural and magnetic properties of alloys (, in wt. percent) obtained by mechanical alloying is presented. Elemental powders of Fe and Co mixed in an adequate weight ratio were milled at room temperature in a shaker mixer mill using vials and balls of hardened steel as milling media with a ball : powder weight ratio of 12 : 1. The mixtures were milled for 3 h. The results show that, after milling, for almost all the composition (up to ), solid solutions based on bcc structures were obtained. For Co-rich alloys (), different phases were found, revealing the formation of a metastable intermetallic phase (FeCo, wairauite) together with fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases. The specific saturation magnetization increases by increasing Co content, reaching a maximum value of 225 emu/g for hcp-Fe70Co30, and then it shows a diminution up to 154 emu/g for bcc-Fe30Co70. All studied alloys () present low coercivity, in the range from 0 to 65 Oe, which is lower than reported. The coercivity increases with the increment in Co, reaching a maximum of 64.1 Oe for Fe40Co60. After that, the coercivity falls up to 24.5 Oe for Co-rich alloys, which make them a very low coercive material.
{"title":"Structural Analysis and Magnetic Properties of FeCo Alloys Obtained by Mechanical Alloying","authors":"F. S. Jesús, A. Bolarín-Miró, C. Escobedo, G. Torres-Villaseñor, P. Vera-Serna","doi":"10.1155/2016/8347063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8347063","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic study on the structural and magnetic properties of alloys (, in wt. percent) obtained by mechanical alloying is presented. Elemental powders of Fe and Co mixed in an adequate weight ratio were milled at room temperature in a shaker mixer mill using vials and balls of hardened steel as milling media with a ball : powder weight ratio of 12 : 1. The mixtures were milled for 3 h. The results show that, after milling, for almost all the composition (up to ), solid solutions based on bcc structures were obtained. For Co-rich alloys (), different phases were found, revealing the formation of a metastable intermetallic phase (FeCo, wairauite) together with fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases. The specific saturation magnetization increases by increasing Co content, reaching a maximum value of 225 emu/g for hcp-Fe70Co30, and then it shows a diminution up to 154 emu/g for bcc-Fe30Co70. All studied alloys () present low coercivity, in the range from 0 to 65 Oe, which is lower than reported. The coercivity increases with the increment in Co, reaching a maximum of 64.1 Oe for Fe40Co60. After that, the coercivity falls up to 24.5 Oe for Co-rich alloys, which make them a very low coercive material.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76522415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An anticorrosion activity of 8-quinoline sulphonyl chloride (8-QSC) on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss (WL) method and electrochemical methods, namely, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel polarization (TP), and linear polarization resistance (LPR). Results obtained from WL method, EIS, TP, and LPR, showed that 8-QSC is a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The results indicated that the inhibition efficiency and extent of surface coverage were increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decrease in the corrosion rate. This is due to the formation of protective film on the surface of mild steel. Adsorption of 8-QSC on the mild steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A Tafel plot indicates that the used inhibitor behaves predominantly as cathodic type. The surface morphology of the mild steel was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy techniques. All the methods give the same order of inhibition efficiencies.
采用失重法(WL)和电化学方法，即电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)、塔菲尔极化法(TP)和线性极化电阻法(LPR)研究了8-喹啉磺酰氯(8-QSC)在1 M盐酸溶液中对低碳钢的防腐性能。WL法、EIS法、TP法和LPR法的结果表明，8-QSC在1 M HCl溶液中是一种较好的低碳钢缓蚀剂。结果表明，随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加和腐蚀速率的降低，缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率和表面覆盖范围增大。这是由于在低碳钢表面形成保护膜。8-QSC在低碳钢表面的吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温线。塔菲尔图表明，所使用的缓蚀剂主要表现为阴极型。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线(EDX)光谱技术研究了低碳钢的表面形貌。所有方法的抑制效率都是相同的。
{"title":"Anticorrosion Activity of 8-Quinoline Sulphonyl Chloride on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution","authors":"R. Sundaram, M. Sundaravadivelu","doi":"10.1155/2016/8095206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8095206","url":null,"abstract":"An anticorrosion activity of 8-quinoline sulphonyl chloride (8-QSC) on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss (WL) method and electrochemical methods, namely, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel polarization (TP), and linear polarization resistance (LPR). Results obtained from WL method, EIS, TP, and LPR, showed that 8-QSC is a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The results indicated that the inhibition efficiency and extent of surface coverage were increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decrease in the corrosion rate. This is due to the formation of protective film on the surface of mild steel. Adsorption of 8-QSC on the mild steel surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A Tafel plot indicates that the used inhibitor behaves predominantly as cathodic type. The surface morphology of the mild steel was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy techniques. All the methods give the same order of inhibition efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manikandakumar Shunmugavel, Ashwin Polishetty, J. Nomani, M. Goldberg, G. Littlefair
This research work presents a machinability study between wrought grade titanium and selective laser melted (SLM) titanium Ti-6Al-4V in a face turning operation, machined at cutting speeds between 60 and 180 m/min. Machinability characteristics such as tool wear, cutting forces, and machined surface quality were investigated. Coating delamination, adhesion, abrasion, attrition, and chipping wear mechanisms were dominant during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Maximum flank wear was found higher in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V at all speeds. It was also found that high machining speeds lead to catastrophic failure of the cutting tool during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Cutting force was higher in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V as compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V for all cutting speeds due to its higher strength and hardness. Surface finish improved with the cutting speed despite the high tool wear observed at high machining speeds. Overall, machinability of SLM Ti-6Al-4V was found poor as compared to the wrought alloy.
{"title":"Metallurgical and Machinability Characteristics of Wrought and Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V","authors":"Manikandakumar Shunmugavel, Ashwin Polishetty, J. Nomani, M. Goldberg, G. Littlefair","doi":"10.1155/2016/7407918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7407918","url":null,"abstract":"This research work presents a machinability study between wrought grade titanium and selective laser melted (SLM) titanium Ti-6Al-4V in a face turning operation, machined at cutting speeds between 60 and 180 m/min. Machinability characteristics such as tool wear, cutting forces, and machined surface quality were investigated. Coating delamination, adhesion, abrasion, attrition, and chipping wear mechanisms were dominant during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Maximum flank wear was found higher in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V at all speeds. It was also found that high machining speeds lead to catastrophic failure of the cutting tool during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Cutting force was higher in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V as compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V for all cutting speeds due to its higher strength and hardness. Surface finish improved with the cutting speed despite the high tool wear observed at high machining speeds. Overall, machinability of SLM Ti-6Al-4V was found poor as compared to the wrought alloy.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89935036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the through-thickness ( -direction) compressive stress versus strain behavior of 99.76% commercially pure (grade II) titanium sheet with relatively small grain size. The current study complemented earlier compression studies by examining a very thin (1.60 mm) sheet and deforming the Ti by successive compression tests to relatively large strains. The low aspect ratio, of the compression specimens extracted from the sheet, led to frictional effects that can create high triaxial stresses complicating the uniaxial stress versus strain behavior analysis. Nonetheless, reasonable estimates were made of the through-thickness large-strain behavior of a commercially pure (grade II) thin Ti sheet to relatively large true strains of about 1.0.
{"title":"Through-Thickness Compression Testing of Commercially Pure (Grade II) Titanium Thin Sheet to Large Strains","authors":"K. K. Smith, M. E. Kassner","doi":"10.1155/2016/6178790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178790","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the through-thickness ( -direction) compressive stress versus strain behavior of 99.76% commercially pure (grade II) titanium sheet with relatively small grain size. The current study complemented earlier compression studies by examining a very thin (1.60 mm) sheet and deforming the Ti by successive compression tests to relatively large strains. The low aspect ratio, of the compression specimens extracted from the sheet, led to frictional effects that can create high triaxial stresses complicating the uniaxial stress versus strain behavior analysis. Nonetheless, reasonable estimates were made of the through-thickness large-strain behavior of a commercially pure (grade II) thin Ti sheet to relatively large true strains of about 1.0.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86521796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gupta, A. Prasad, A. Chatterjee, Manoranjan Kumar, Somnath Ghosh, R. Datta
Steel Melting Shop-I, Rourkela Steel Plant, Rourkela, produces 0.5 MT of various special steels through BOF-VAR/VOR-LF-CC route. One of the most serious problems in BOF operations was lance skulling, hood jamming, and build-up of metal in the mouth and cone of the furnace due to spitting and slopping. As spitting occurring during blowing increases, these particles of metal are deposited inside the mouth and cone and affect badly BOF productivity. In the present work, control of spitting has been established by addition of sinter during the period of spitting. It also helped to improve the slag formation and fluidity of slag through increase of FeO content during peak decarburisation period.
{"title":"Adoption of Sinter Addition in Steelmaking Converter to Control Spitting","authors":"S. Gupta, A. Prasad, A. Chatterjee, Manoranjan Kumar, Somnath Ghosh, R. Datta","doi":"10.1155/2015/187042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/187042","url":null,"abstract":"Steel Melting Shop-I, Rourkela Steel Plant, Rourkela, produces 0.5 MT of various special steels through BOF-VAR/VOR-LF-CC route. One of the most serious problems in BOF operations was lance skulling, hood jamming, and build-up of metal in the mouth and cone of the furnace due to spitting and slopping. As spitting occurring during blowing increases, these particles of metal are deposited inside the mouth and cone and affect badly BOF productivity. In the present work, control of spitting has been established by addition of sinter during the period of spitting. It also helped to improve the slag formation and fluidity of slag through increase of FeO content during peak decarburisation period.","PeriodicalId":16342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Metallurgy","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88995569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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