Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205365
A. Abubakar, Metin Öztürk, R. N. B. Rais, S. Hussain, M. Imran
Most online cell switching solutions are sub-optimal because they are computationally demanding, and thus adapt slowly to a dynamically changing network environments, leading to quality-of-service (QoS) degradation. This makes such solutions impractical for ultra-dense networks (UDN) where the number of base stations (BS) deployed is very large. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) based cell switching solution is developed to learn the optimal switching strategy of BSs in order to minimize the total power consumption of a UDN. The proposed model is first trained offline, after which the trained model is plugged into the network for real-time decision making. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the proposed solution is very close to the optimal solution in terms of trade-off between the power consumption and QoS.
{"title":"Load-Aware Cell Switching in Ultra-Dense Networks: An Artificial Neural Network Approach","authors":"A. Abubakar, Metin Öztürk, R. N. B. Rais, S. Hussain, M. Imran","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205365","url":null,"abstract":"Most online cell switching solutions are sub-optimal because they are computationally demanding, and thus adapt slowly to a dynamically changing network environments, leading to quality-of-service (QoS) degradation. This makes such solutions impractical for ultra-dense networks (UDN) where the number of base stations (BS) deployed is very large. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) based cell switching solution is developed to learn the optimal switching strategy of BSs in order to minimize the total power consumption of a UDN. The proposed model is first trained offline, after which the trained model is plugged into the network for real-time decision making. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the proposed solution is very close to the optimal solution in terms of trade-off between the power consumption and QoS.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132892381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205478
Salvatore Liberto, G. Goussetis, N. Haridas
A low-profile antenna element with dual-circular polarization for 5G satellite on the move (SOTM) applications is presented. The antenna operates at Ka-band and consists of probe fed stacked patches and a miniaturized coupler able to cover the downlink band, from 17.8 to 20.2 GHz. The dimensions of the multilayer structure are 0.5$lambda { mathbf{x} 0.5} lambda { mathbf{x} 0.07} lambda$, which makes the antenna element suitable as a unit cell of a phased array antenna. The proposed highly integrated unit cell element exhibits a 13% impedance bandwidth over ±40° scanning range and an axial ratio below 3dB within the entire frequency band.
{"title":"Dual Circular Polarisation Receive Antenna Element for Ka-Band Satellite Communications","authors":"Salvatore Liberto, G. Goussetis, N. Haridas","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205478","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile antenna element with dual-circular polarization for 5G satellite on the move (SOTM) applications is presented. The antenna operates at Ka-band and consists of probe fed stacked patches and a miniaturized coupler able to cover the downlink band, from 17.8 to 20.2 GHz. The dimensions of the multilayer structure are 0.5$lambda { mathbf{x} 0.5} lambda { mathbf{x} 0.07} lambda$, which makes the antenna element suitable as a unit cell of a phased array antenna. The proposed highly integrated unit cell element exhibits a 13% impedance bandwidth over ±40° scanning range and an axial ratio below 3dB within the entire frequency band.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205358
F. Arshad, Ahsan Ali, J. Loo, Y. Amin, H. Tenhunen
In this communication, a beam width reconfigurable antenna with the parasitic elements is presented for 5G applications. The proposed antenna consists of an inset fed circular patch (driven element). To enhance the impedance matching a -35° rotated slot is inserted in the circular patch. Four parasitic arcs are placed in the close proximity of the driven element. In first case three pin-diodes are loaded among the arcs to tune the mutual coupling between arcs and driven element. In the second case pin-diodes are replaced with GeTe material based strips for reconfiguration purposes. This design can operate between 27.2-32 GHz with a peak realized gain of 9.1 dBi. In the first case, beamwidth can be enlarged from 58° to 121.3o. In the second case, beamwidth can be vary from 75° to 128.7°. In both cases beam is also steered.
{"title":"Beam-width Agile antenna for 5G MMW Applications","authors":"F. Arshad, Ahsan Ali, J. Loo, Y. Amin, H. Tenhunen","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205358","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a beam width reconfigurable antenna with the parasitic elements is presented for 5G applications. The proposed antenna consists of an inset fed circular patch (driven element). To enhance the impedance matching a -35° rotated slot is inserted in the circular patch. Four parasitic arcs are placed in the close proximity of the driven element. In first case three pin-diodes are loaded among the arcs to tune the mutual coupling between arcs and driven element. In the second case pin-diodes are replaced with GeTe material based strips for reconfiguration purposes. This design can operate between 27.2-32 GHz with a peak realized gain of 9.1 dBi. In the first case, beamwidth can be enlarged from 58° to 121.3o. In the second case, beamwidth can be vary from 75° to 128.7°. In both cases beam is also steered.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205479
Yanhong Deng, Tianxian Zhang, Ruitao Jia
In this paper, for the spectrum resource management problem of the radar and communication integration system (RCIS) under conversion of multi-detection working mode with limited spectrum resource, a technique of spectrum sharing on demand is proposed. Firstly, we derive the radar echoes data rate and establish the performance index of RCIS. In turn, the system performance of each detection working mode under the traditional spectrum non-sharing (TSNS) scheme and communication dominant spectrum sharing (CDSS) scheme is analyzed. Then, a technique of spectrum sharing on demand is put forward. To realize the real-time transmission of detection data, the optimal sharing band is obtained according to the criterion of minimizing mutual interference between radar and communication and maximizing detection performance. Finally, numerical results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
{"title":"Spectrum Sharing of Radar and Communication for Multi-detection Working Mode","authors":"Yanhong Deng, Tianxian Zhang, Ruitao Jia","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205479","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, for the spectrum resource management problem of the radar and communication integration system (RCIS) under conversion of multi-detection working mode with limited spectrum resource, a technique of spectrum sharing on demand is proposed. Firstly, we derive the radar echoes data rate and establish the performance index of RCIS. In turn, the system performance of each detection working mode under the traditional spectrum non-sharing (TSNS) scheme and communication dominant spectrum sharing (CDSS) scheme is analyzed. Then, a technique of spectrum sharing on demand is put forward. To realize the real-time transmission of detection data, the optimal sharing band is obtained according to the criterion of minimizing mutual interference between radar and communication and maximizing detection performance. Finally, numerical results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134209053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205413
E. I. Adegoke, E. Kampert, M. Higgins
In this paper, we present results of a measurement campaign at 3.5 GHz for 5G communications. Large-scale fading measurements have been carried out in an office building using a spectrum analyser and omnidirectional antennas in line-of-sight (LoS) and non line-of-sight (NLoS) co-polar scenarios. For the NLoS and LoS points, a linear track as well as spot locations were used to measure the receive power, with NLoS points resulting from obstructions. The transmitter–receiver (Tx-Rx) separation distance adopted in the measurement campaign ranged from 2 m to 20 m, with measurements averaged over 10 wavelengths at each location. From the measurement data, empirical path loss models were obtained to fit the measurement data. For the LoS points investigated, the path loss exponent varied between 1.32 and 1.95, while a path loss exponent of 1.78 was obtained for NLoS scenarios. The model comparison carried out showed that the ITU-R model overestimates the path loss in LoS scenarios, while the FSPL underestimates the path loss.
{"title":"Empirical Indoor Path Loss Models at 3.5GHz for 5G Communications Network Planning","authors":"E. I. Adegoke, E. Kampert, M. Higgins","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205413","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present results of a measurement campaign at 3.5 GHz for 5G communications. Large-scale fading measurements have been carried out in an office building using a spectrum analyser and omnidirectional antennas in line-of-sight (LoS) and non line-of-sight (NLoS) co-polar scenarios. For the NLoS and LoS points, a linear track as well as spot locations were used to measure the receive power, with NLoS points resulting from obstructions. The transmitter–receiver (Tx-Rx) separation distance adopted in the measurement campaign ranged from 2 m to 20 m, with measurements averaged over 10 wavelengths at each location. From the measurement data, empirical path loss models were obtained to fit the measurement data. For the LoS points investigated, the path loss exponent varied between 1.32 and 1.95, while a path loss exponent of 1.78 was obtained for NLoS scenarios. The model comparison carried out showed that the ITU-R model overestimates the path loss in LoS scenarios, while the FSPL underestimates the path loss.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116766012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205462
S. Shrestha, B. Mohamadzade, A. A. Baba, R. Hashmi
A simple 3D printable meta-structure is proposed for use as a partially reflecting surface (PRS) in resonant cavity antennas (RCAs). The meta-structure acts as a spatial phase transformation device placed in close proximity above the RCA, thereby improving its gain by nearly 3dB. The aperture efficiency of the RCA with the proposed 3D printable PRS is 39%, with a half-power directivity bandwidth extending from 11.6 to 12.3 GHz. Material properties of ABS-M30 plastic filament are used in this preliminary design and numerical studies, making the PRS suitable for rapid prototyping using commonplace 3D printing methods.
{"title":"3D printable Phase Transformation Meta-structure for Resonant Cavity Antennas","authors":"S. Shrestha, B. Mohamadzade, A. A. Baba, R. Hashmi","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205462","url":null,"abstract":"A simple 3D printable meta-structure is proposed for use as a partially reflecting surface (PRS) in resonant cavity antennas (RCAs). The meta-structure acts as a spatial phase transformation device placed in close proximity above the RCA, thereby improving its gain by nearly 3dB. The aperture efficiency of the RCA with the proposed 3D printable PRS is 39%, with a half-power directivity bandwidth extending from 11.6 to 12.3 GHz. Material properties of ABS-M30 plastic filament are used in this preliminary design and numerical studies, making the PRS suitable for rapid prototyping using commonplace 3D printing methods.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205455
Shuang Xiao, Wenzao Li, Lingling Yang, Zhan Wen
V2V communication is always combined with cellular network and device-to-device (D2D) communication. The vehicles transmitting with a cellular base station (BS) can realize the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) based on the uplink channels and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication based on the downlink channels. The clustering methods are widely applicated on V2V communication to improve spectrum utilization. Meanwhile, the information transmission of vehicles needs enough capacity. And V2V links are vulnerable to the outage case caused by the high mobility of vehicles. To guarantee the capacity of all links and V2V stability for transmission requirements, we propose a heuristic Graph-Coloring Based Spectrum Sharing (GCSS) scheme based on both traceable slow-varying large scale fading information. The GCSS algorithm is divided into two sub-problems, including the power control considering the V2V outage probability and the graph-coloring clustering algorithm. Importantly, the allocated optimal power is calculated by V2I and I2V spectrum reusing formulation. The graph-coloring clustering method includes the available color channel building of each V2V link, the interference graph of the V2V links and the improved heuristic clustering algorithm. The simulation results show that the GCSS scheme improves the system capacity, the cellular capacity, and the V2V clusters capacity compared with the heuristic clustering algorithm.
{"title":"Graph-Coloring Based Spectrum Sharing for V2V communication","authors":"Shuang Xiao, Wenzao Li, Lingling Yang, Zhan Wen","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205455","url":null,"abstract":"V2V communication is always combined with cellular network and device-to-device (D2D) communication. The vehicles transmitting with a cellular base station (BS) can realize the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) based on the uplink channels and infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication based on the downlink channels. The clustering methods are widely applicated on V2V communication to improve spectrum utilization. Meanwhile, the information transmission of vehicles needs enough capacity. And V2V links are vulnerable to the outage case caused by the high mobility of vehicles. To guarantee the capacity of all links and V2V stability for transmission requirements, we propose a heuristic Graph-Coloring Based Spectrum Sharing (GCSS) scheme based on both traceable slow-varying large scale fading information. The GCSS algorithm is divided into two sub-problems, including the power control considering the V2V outage probability and the graph-coloring clustering algorithm. Importantly, the allocated optimal power is calculated by V2I and I2V spectrum reusing formulation. The graph-coloring clustering method includes the available color channel building of each V2V link, the interference graph of the V2V links and the improved heuristic clustering algorithm. The simulation results show that the GCSS scheme improves the system capacity, the cellular capacity, and the V2V clusters capacity compared with the heuristic clustering algorithm.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129114656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205389
Yikun Mei, Zhen Gao, D. Mi, P. Xiao, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) are expected to be one of the most primary scenarios in the next-generation wireless communications and provide massive connectivity for Internet of Things (IoT). To meet the demanding technical requirements for mMTC, random access scheme with efficient joint activity and data detection (JADD) is vital. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing (CS)-based grant-free random access scheme for mMTC, where JADD is formulated as a multiple measurement vectors (MMV) CS problem. By leveraging the prior knowledge of the discrete constellation symbols, we develop an orthogonal approximate message passing (OAMP)-MMV algorithm for JADD, where the structured sparsity is fully exploited for enhanced performance. Moreover, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to learn the unknown sparsity ratio of the a priori distribution and the noise variance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves superior performance over other state-of-the-art CS schemes.
{"title":"Compressive Sensing Based Grant-Free Random Access for Massive MTC","authors":"Yikun Mei, Zhen Gao, D. Mi, P. Xiao, Mohamed-Slim Alouini","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205389","url":null,"abstract":"Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) are expected to be one of the most primary scenarios in the next-generation wireless communications and provide massive connectivity for Internet of Things (IoT). To meet the demanding technical requirements for mMTC, random access scheme with efficient joint activity and data detection (JADD) is vital. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing (CS)-based grant-free random access scheme for mMTC, where JADD is formulated as a multiple measurement vectors (MMV) CS problem. By leveraging the prior knowledge of the discrete constellation symbols, we develop an orthogonal approximate message passing (OAMP)-MMV algorithm for JADD, where the structured sparsity is fully exploited for enhanced performance. Moreover, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to learn the unknown sparsity ratio of the a priori distribution and the noise variance. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves superior performance over other state-of-the-art CS schemes.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126433843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205480
S. Kalhor, M. Ghanaatshoar, K. Delfanazari
The field of plasmonics, as one of the fascinating areas of photonics, has received great attention for its capability of deep subwavelength confinement. We present a nanoscale plasmonic slot waveguide based on high transition temperature ($T_{c}$) superconductor Bi$_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}{O}_{8+delta}$,(BSCCO). The effect of geometrical parameters on the modal properties of the BSCCO plasmonic slot waveguide and the thermal tuning of the modal properties of the waveguide are explored. It is shown that the rising of temperature results in increasing the mode effective refractive index in exchange for decreasing the propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Our proposed plasmonic waveguide paves the way for the development of the BSCCO based THz photonic integrated circuity at the nanoscale.
{"title":"Guiding of terahertz photons in superconducting nano-circuits","authors":"S. Kalhor, M. Ghanaatshoar, K. Delfanazari","doi":"10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UCET51115.2020.9205480","url":null,"abstract":"The field of plasmonics, as one of the fascinating areas of photonics, has received great attention for its capability of deep subwavelength confinement. We present a nanoscale plasmonic slot waveguide based on high transition temperature ($T_{c}$) superconductor Bi$_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}{O}_{8+delta}$,(BSCCO). The effect of geometrical parameters on the modal properties of the BSCCO plasmonic slot waveguide and the thermal tuning of the modal properties of the waveguide are explored. It is shown that the rising of temperature results in increasing the mode effective refractive index in exchange for decreasing the propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Our proposed plasmonic waveguide paves the way for the development of the BSCCO based THz photonic integrated circuity at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":163493,"journal":{"name":"2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126466394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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