Hae Eun Noh, Min-Seok Rha, Yeonsu Jeong, Dachan Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Miran Kang, Uk yeol Moon, Chang-Hoon Kim, Hyung-Ju Cho
This study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of nasal inflammation on the regulation of entry-associated genes of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and influenza virus, in the nasal epithelium. Subjects were classified into three groups: control, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), and noneosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4) were selected as key entry-associated genes for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, and influenza, respectively, and were evaluated. Brushing samples obtained from each group and human nasal epithelial cells cultured using an air–liquid interface system were treated for 7 days with typical inflammatory cytokines and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. The entry-associated genes showed distinct regulation patterns in response to each interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Specifically, ACE2 significantly decreased in type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), while TMPRSS2 significantly decreased in type 1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ). ANPEP significantly decreased in both types of cytokines. Remarkably, DPP4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines. Moreover, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines, particularly IFN-γ. These findings were supported by western blot analysis and confocal imaging results, especially for ACE2 and DPP4. The findings regarding differential regulation suggest that patients with ECRS, primarily mediated by type 2 inflammation, may have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infections but higher susceptibility to MERS-CoV and influenza infections.
{"title":"Differential regulation of viral entry-associated genes modulated by inflammatory cytokines in the nasal epithelium","authors":"Hae Eun Noh, Min-Seok Rha, Yeonsu Jeong, Dachan Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Miran Kang, Uk yeol Moon, Chang-Hoon Kim, Hyung-Ju Cho","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of nasal inflammation on the regulation of entry-associated genes of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and influenza virus, in the nasal epithelium. Subjects were classified into three groups: control, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), and noneosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4) were selected as key entry-associated genes for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, and influenza, respectively, and were evaluated. Brushing samples obtained from each group and human nasal epithelial cells cultured using an air–liquid interface system were treated for 7 days with typical inflammatory cytokines and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. The entry-associated genes showed distinct regulation patterns in response to each interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Specifically, ACE2 significantly decreased in type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), while TMPRSS2 significantly decreased in type 1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ). ANPEP significantly decreased in both types of cytokines. Remarkably, DPP4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines. Moreover, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines, particularly IFN-γ. These findings were supported by western blot analysis and confocal imaging results, especially for ACE2 and DPP4. The findings regarding differential regulation suggest that patients with ECRS, primarily mediated by type 2 inflammation, may have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infections but higher susceptibility to MERS-CoV and influenza infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna Karachaliou, Otavio Ranzani, Ana Espinosa, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Marta Vidal, Alfons Jiménez, Marc Bañuls, Eva Alonso Nogués, Ruth Aguilar, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Rafael de Cid, Carlota Dobaño, Gemma Moncunill, Manolis Kogevinas
Limited research suggests that certain viruses reactivate in severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection, contributing to the development of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We examined 1083 infected individuals from a population-based cohort, and assessed differences in plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G and immunoglobulin A levels against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus (VZV), BK polyomavirus, KI polyomavirus, WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), respiratory syncytial virus, and Adv-36 according to the severity of previous COVID-19 and PASC history. Individuals who had experienced severe COVID-19 had higher antibody responses to latent viruses. Ever PASC, active persistent PASC, and PASC with neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with higher immnoglobulin G to EBV early antigen-diffuse, VZV, and WUPyV even among individuals without previous severe COVID-19.
{"title":"Antibody responses to common viruses according to COVID-19 severity and postacute sequelae of COVID-19","authors":"Marianna Karachaliou, Otavio Ranzani, Ana Espinosa, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Marta Vidal, Alfons Jiménez, Marc Bañuls, Eva Alonso Nogués, Ruth Aguilar, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Rafael de Cid, Carlota Dobaño, Gemma Moncunill, Manolis Kogevinas","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited research suggests that certain viruses reactivate in severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection, contributing to the development of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We examined 1083 infected individuals from a population-based cohort, and assessed differences in plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G and immunoglobulin A levels against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus (VZV), BK polyomavirus, KI polyomavirus, WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), respiratory syncytial virus, and Adv-36 according to the severity of previous COVID-19 and PASC history. Individuals who had experienced severe COVID-19 had higher antibody responses to latent viruses. Ever PASC, active persistent PASC, and PASC with neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with higher immnoglobulin G to EBV early antigen-diffuse, VZV, and WUPyV even among individuals without previous severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite scarcity of data, in recent years, human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) has been emerging as an important pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). But, PVB19 virus is mostly looked for only after the exclusion of other common pathogens implicated in AES. Hence, this study was conducted to correlate clinical, radiological, and sequencing data to establish the crucial role of PVB19 in AES. Cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum samples were collected from AES patients as per WHO criteria and tested by ELISA, real-time PCR and bacterial culture sensitivity for various pathogens. PVB19 positive samples were subjected to sequencing. PVB19 attributed to 5% of total AES cases in the present study with fatalities in two of eight cases. Two isolates of PVB19 belonged to Genotype 1 A whereas one belonged to Genotype 3B. On multivariate analysis of predictive symptoms of PVB19 AES cases, blurring of vision (odds ratio [OR] 20.67; p = 0.001) was found to be significant independent predictor of PVB19 AES. Six of eight patients (two encephalitis specific and four nonspecific) had abnormal radiological findings. Hence, being an emerging viral pathogen, PVB19 should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of AES for prompt diagnosis and definitive management to prevent undesired neurological sequelae.
{"title":"The emergence of parvovirus B19 as a pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome","authors":"Sayantika Dey, Monalisa Mohanty, Prabhudutta Mamidi, Suprava Naik, Kavita Gupta, Bhagirathi Dwibedi, Sujata Devi, Ashoka Mahapatra, Rashmi Ranjan Das, Bijayini Behera, Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi, Baijayantimala Mishra","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite scarcity of data, in recent years, human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) has been emerging as an important pathogen in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). But, PVB19 virus is mostly looked for only after the exclusion of other common pathogens implicated in AES. Hence, this study was conducted to correlate clinical, radiological, and sequencing data to establish the crucial role of PVB19 in AES. Cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum samples were collected from AES patients as per WHO criteria and tested by ELISA, real-time PCR and bacterial culture sensitivity for various pathogens. PVB19 positive samples were subjected to sequencing. PVB19 attributed to 5% of total AES cases in the present study with fatalities in two of eight cases. Two isolates of PVB19 belonged to Genotype 1 A whereas one belonged to Genotype 3B. On multivariate analysis of predictive symptoms of PVB19 AES cases, blurring of vision (odds ratio [OR] 20.67; <i>p</i> = 0.001) was found to be significant independent predictor of PVB19 AES. Six of eight patients (two encephalitis specific and four nonspecific) had abnormal radiological findings. Hence, being an emerging viral pathogen, PVB19 should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of AES for prompt diagnosis and definitive management to prevent undesired neurological sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laetitia Gay, Valérie Desquiret-Dumas, Nicolas Nagot, Clara Rapenne, Philippe Van de Perre, Pascal Reynier, Jean-Pierre Molès
Mitochondria are vital for most cells' functions. Viruses hijack mitochondria machinery for misappropriation of energy supply or to bypass defense mechanisms. Many of these mitochondrial dysfunctions persist after recovery from treated or untreated viral infections, particularly when mitochondrial DNA is permanently damaged. Quantitative defects and structural rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA accumulate in post-mitotic tissues as recently reported long after SARS-CoV-2 or HIV infection, or following antiviral therapy. These observations are consistent with the “hit-and-run” concept proposed decades ago to explain viro-induced cell transformation and it could apply to delayed post-viral onsets of symptoms and advocate for complementary supportive care. Thus, according to this concept, following exposure to viruses or antiviral agents, mitochondrial damage could evolve into an autonomous clinical condition. It also establishes a pathogenic link between communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases.
线粒体对大多数细胞的功能至关重要。病毒会劫持线粒体机制,挪用能量供应或绕过防御机制。许多线粒体功能障碍在病毒感染治疗或未治疗后恢复后仍然存在,尤其是当线粒体 DNA 永久受损时。最近有报道称,在 SARS-CoV-2 或 HIV 感染后很长时间,或在抗病毒治疗后,线粒体 DNA 的数量缺陷和结构重排会在有丝分裂后组织中累积。这些观察结果与几十年前为解释病毒诱导的细胞转化而提出的 "打了就跑 "概念相一致,它可适用于病毒感染后症状的延迟出现,并提倡辅助性支持治疗。因此,根据这一概念,在接触病毒或抗病毒药物后,线粒体损伤可能演变为一种独立的临床症状。它还在传染性和非传染性慢性疾病之间建立了致病联系。
{"title":"Long-term persistence of mitochondrial dysfunctions after viral infections and antiviral therapies: A review of mechanisms involved","authors":"Laetitia Gay, Valérie Desquiret-Dumas, Nicolas Nagot, Clara Rapenne, Philippe Van de Perre, Pascal Reynier, Jean-Pierre Molès","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondria are vital for most cells' functions. Viruses hijack mitochondria machinery for misappropriation of energy supply or to bypass defense mechanisms. Many of these mitochondrial dysfunctions persist after recovery from treated or untreated viral infections, particularly when mitochondrial DNA is permanently damaged. Quantitative defects and structural rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA accumulate in post-mitotic tissues as recently reported long after SARS-CoV-2 or HIV infection, or following antiviral therapy. These observations are consistent with the “hit-and-run” concept proposed decades ago to explain viro-induced cell transformation and it could apply to delayed post-viral onsets of symptoms and advocate for complementary supportive care. Thus, according to this concept, following exposure to viruses or antiviral agents, mitochondrial damage could evolve into an autonomous clinical condition. It also establishes a pathogenic link between communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.29886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piotr Rzymski, Aliyu Tijani Jibril, Laila Rahmah, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Fareeda Hashem, Abdullah Al Lawati, Fiona McGowan Martha Morrison, Leander Penaso Marquez, Kawthar Mohamed, Amjad Khan, Saima Mushtaq, Kseniia Minakova, Barbara Poniedziałek, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Robert Flisiak
Despite remarkable progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it remains a significant global health burden, necessitating the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. This review paper presents the current landscape of HCV vaccine candidates and approaches, including more traditional, based on inactivated virus, and more modern, such as subunit protein, vectored, based on nucleic acids (DNA and mRNA) and virus-like particles. The concept of the HCV vaccine is first put in the context of viral genetic diversity and adaptive responses to HCV infection, an understanding of which is crucial in guiding the development of an effective vaccine against such a complex virus. Because ethical dimensions are also significant in vaccine research, development, and potential deployment, we also address them in this paper. The road to a safe and effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection remains bumpy due to the genetic variation of HCV and its ability to evade immune responses. The progress in cell-culture systems allowed for the production of an inactivated HCV vaccine candidate, which can induce cross-neutralizing antibodies in vitro, but whether this could prevent infection in humans is unknown. Subunit protein vaccine candidates that entered clinical trials elicited HCV-specific humoral and cellular responses, though it remains to be shown whether they translate into effective prevention of HCV infection or progression of infection to a chronic state. Such responses were also induced by a clinically tested vector-based vaccine candidate, which decreased the viral HCV load but did not prevent chronic HCV infection. These disappointments were not readily predicted from preclinical animal studies. The vaccine platforms employing virus-like particles, DNA, and mRNA provide opportunities for the HCV vaccine, but their potential in this context has yet to be shown. Ensuring the designed vaccine is based on conserved epitope(s) and elicits broadly neutralizing immune responses is also essential. Given failures in developing a prophylactic HCV vaccine, it is crucial to continue supporting national strategies, including funding for screening and treatment programs. However, these actions are likely insufficient to permanently control the HCV burden, encouraging further mobilization of significant resources for HCV vaccine research as a missing element in the elimination of viral hepatitis as a global public health.
{"title":"Is there still hope for the prophylactic hepatitis C vaccine? A review of different approaches","authors":"Piotr Rzymski, Aliyu Tijani Jibril, Laila Rahmah, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Fareeda Hashem, Abdullah Al Lawati, Fiona McGowan Martha Morrison, Leander Penaso Marquez, Kawthar Mohamed, Amjad Khan, Saima Mushtaq, Kseniia Minakova, Barbara Poniedziałek, Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Robert Flisiak","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29900","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite remarkable progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it remains a significant global health burden, necessitating the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. This review paper presents the current landscape of HCV vaccine candidates and approaches, including more traditional, based on inactivated virus, and more modern, such as subunit protein, vectored, based on nucleic acids (DNA and mRNA) and virus-like particles. The concept of the HCV vaccine is first put in the context of viral genetic diversity and adaptive responses to HCV infection, an understanding of which is crucial in guiding the development of an effective vaccine against such a complex virus. Because ethical dimensions are also significant in vaccine research, development, and potential deployment, we also address them in this paper. The road to a safe and effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection remains bumpy due to the genetic variation of HCV and its ability to evade immune responses. The progress in cell-culture systems allowed for the production of an inactivated HCV vaccine candidate, which can induce cross-neutralizing antibodies <i>in vitro</i>, but whether this could prevent infection in humans is unknown. Subunit protein vaccine candidates that entered clinical trials elicited HCV-specific humoral and cellular responses, though it remains to be shown whether they translate into effective prevention of HCV infection or progression of infection to a chronic state. Such responses were also induced by a clinically tested vector-based vaccine candidate, which decreased the viral HCV load but did not prevent chronic HCV infection. These disappointments were not readily predicted from preclinical animal studies. The vaccine platforms employing virus-like particles, DNA, and mRNA provide opportunities for the HCV vaccine, but their potential in this context has yet to be shown. Ensuring the designed vaccine is based on conserved epitope(s) and elicits broadly neutralizing immune responses is also essential. Given failures in developing a prophylactic HCV vaccine, it is crucial to continue supporting national strategies, including funding for screening and treatment programs. However, these actions are likely insufficient to permanently control the HCV burden, encouraging further mobilization of significant resources for HCV vaccine research as a missing element in the elimination of viral hepatitis as a global public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seroepidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) in community residents reflect natural infection and can guide the reform of vaccination programs. A population-based serological survey was conducted in Guangdong Province. Serum anti-HPV IgG antibody levels were determined by an ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies against HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 were detected via a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA). A total of 5122 serum samples were collected from community residents, including 1989 males and 3133 females, in three cities of Guangdong Province. The rate of HPV IgG antibody positivity in females was 5.39% (95% CI: 4.6–6.2), which was greater than that in males (2.36%; 95% CI: 1.7–3.1). HPV IgG antibodies were more frequently detected in females aged 51–60 years (11.30%; 95% CI: 7.6–16.0), whereas in males, the detection increased with age and reached 4.94% (95% CI: 2.8–6.9) in the group aged ≥71 years. The seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies against HPV6 and 11 was greater than that against HPV16 and 18. The serum neutralizing antibody titers in individuals who received three doses of a vaccine were 7- to 12-fold greater than those in individuals who did not receive the vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titers slightly decreased within 40 months and ranged from 0.038 to 0.057 log ED50 per month. A moderate consistency between the HPV ELISA and PBNA results was observed (Kappa score = 0.49, r = 0.249, 0.635, 0.382, and 0.466 for HPV6, 11, 16, and 18, respectively). The HPV seropositivity rate among healthy residents of Guangdong Province was found to be low among children and adolescents and to increase with age. The serum neutralizing antibody titers were significantly greater in the vaccine group than that in the control group, and this difference persisted over time, which indicated promising protection against HPV infection.
{"title":"Unveiling the seroprevalence of human papillomavirus in Guangdong, China: Implications for vaccination strategies","authors":"Ximing Hu, Yueling Chen, Weizhao Lin, Qianqian Ruan, Huimin Chen, Xinxin Li, Yingyin Deng, Chumin Liang, Huifang Lin, Lilian Zeng, Ning Sun, Wei Zhao, Liang Chen, Ying Yang, Limei Sun, Jianfeng He, Jiufeng Sun","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29910","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seroepidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) in community residents reflect natural infection and can guide the reform of vaccination programs. A population-based serological survey was conducted in Guangdong Province. Serum anti-HPV IgG antibody levels were determined by an ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies against HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 were detected via a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA). A total of 5122 serum samples were collected from community residents, including 1989 males and 3133 females, in three cities of Guangdong Province. The rate of HPV IgG antibody positivity in females was 5.39% (95% CI: 4.6–6.2), which was greater than that in males (2.36%; 95% CI: 1.7–3.1). HPV IgG antibodies were more frequently detected in females aged 51–60 years (11.30%; 95% CI: 7.6–16.0), whereas in males, the detection increased with age and reached 4.94% (95% CI: 2.8–6.9) in the group aged ≥71 years. The seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies against HPV6 and 11 was greater than that against HPV16 and 18. The serum neutralizing antibody titers in individuals who received three doses of a vaccine were 7- to 12-fold greater than those in individuals who did not receive the vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titers slightly decreased within 40 months and ranged from 0.038 to 0.057 log ED50 per month. A moderate consistency between the HPV ELISA and PBNA results was observed (Kappa score = 0.49, <i>r</i> = 0.249, 0.635, 0.382, and 0.466 for HPV6, 11, 16, and 18, respectively). The HPV seropositivity rate among healthy residents of Guangdong Province was found to be low among children and adolescents and to increase with age. The serum neutralizing antibody titers were significantly greater in the vaccine group than that in the control group, and this difference persisted over time, which indicated promising protection against HPV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>We read with great interest the article by Hao et al. titled “Prevalence and Impact of Viral Myocarditis in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.”<span><sup>1</sup></span> The study utilized a retrospective analysis to investigate the prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS). The authors conducted a comprehensive dynamic analysis, comparing epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and laboratory test results between fatal and nonfatal cases. The results revealed a significantly higher incidence of viral myocarditis in the fatal group, suggesting that viral myocarditis is an important early risk factor for prognosis. While the study provides valuable insights into the high prevalence of viral myocarditis and its significant impact on prognosis in SFTS patients, several limitations warrant further discussion.</p><p>Firstly, the study primarily focused on the impact of myocarditis on prognosis, but failed to assess other potential factors, such as age, underlying conditions, and comorbidities, which could influence prognosis.<span><sup>2</sup></span> The onset of cardiac abnormalities in SFTS patients might be attributed to comorbidities. Previous studies have identified hypertension and type 2 diabetes as known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.<span><sup>3, 4</sup></span> Moreover, the presence of underlying cardiac conditions can adversely affect patient prognosis. Secondly, potential biases exist in the data collection process. Although the authors mentioned that the data were obtained from two different hospitals, they did not provide detailed information regarding the differences in patient management and treatment approaches between these hospitals. This may impact the generalizability and external validity of the study results. Thirdly, we observed inconsistencies in the study's methodology and results. The study described a dynamic analysis of risk factors associated with mortality (Table 2), but employed univariate Cox regression to assess these factors, neglecting potential interactions and confounding variables. Additionally, the authors used odds ratios (OR) instead of hazard ratios (HR) to evaluate risk coefficients, which is less appropriate for survival analysis. Furthermore, we noticed that the β-values and standard errors (SE) for CK on Day 9 and Day 10 were both zero, yet the corresponding p-values were <0.05. This is unusual, as β-values equal to zero typically indicate no association between the variable and risk, while SE values equal to zero imply complete certainty in the estimate, which is statistically unlikely. We recommend the authors reevaluate their statistical analysis to ensure the accuracy of their results. Fourthly, the authors selected 18 variables associated with myocarditis prognosis and investigated their dynamic changes throughout the disease course. However, we identified
{"title":"Regarding the article prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome by Hao et al","authors":"Neng Wang, Shuai Tao, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We read with great interest the article by Hao et al. titled “Prevalence and Impact of Viral Myocarditis in Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.”<span><sup>1</sup></span> The study utilized a retrospective analysis to investigate the prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS). The authors conducted a comprehensive dynamic analysis, comparing epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and laboratory test results between fatal and nonfatal cases. The results revealed a significantly higher incidence of viral myocarditis in the fatal group, suggesting that viral myocarditis is an important early risk factor for prognosis. While the study provides valuable insights into the high prevalence of viral myocarditis and its significant impact on prognosis in SFTS patients, several limitations warrant further discussion.</p><p>Firstly, the study primarily focused on the impact of myocarditis on prognosis, but failed to assess other potential factors, such as age, underlying conditions, and comorbidities, which could influence prognosis.<span><sup>2</sup></span> The onset of cardiac abnormalities in SFTS patients might be attributed to comorbidities. Previous studies have identified hypertension and type 2 diabetes as known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.<span><sup>3, 4</sup></span> Moreover, the presence of underlying cardiac conditions can adversely affect patient prognosis. Secondly, potential biases exist in the data collection process. Although the authors mentioned that the data were obtained from two different hospitals, they did not provide detailed information regarding the differences in patient management and treatment approaches between these hospitals. This may impact the generalizability and external validity of the study results. Thirdly, we observed inconsistencies in the study's methodology and results. The study described a dynamic analysis of risk factors associated with mortality (Table 2), but employed univariate Cox regression to assess these factors, neglecting potential interactions and confounding variables. Additionally, the authors used odds ratios (OR) instead of hazard ratios (HR) to evaluate risk coefficients, which is less appropriate for survival analysis. Furthermore, we noticed that the β-values and standard errors (SE) for CK on Day 9 and Day 10 were both zero, yet the corresponding p-values were <0.05. This is unusual, as β-values equal to zero typically indicate no association between the variable and risk, while SE values equal to zero imply complete certainty in the estimate, which is statistically unlikely. We recommend the authors reevaluate their statistical analysis to ensure the accuracy of their results. Fourthly, the authors selected 18 variables associated with myocarditis prognosis and investigated their dynamic changes throughout the disease course. However, we identified","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Yuan, Yunyan Yang, Jingjing Huang, Zhiqiang Zhuo, Xingdong Wu
This study investigated the roles of P-selectin and Clara cell secretory protein 16 (CC16) levels in the pathogenesis of severe adenovirus (ADV) pneumonia in children and evaluated their ability to predict disease. Fifty-one children (age, 1–5 years) with ADV pneumonia who were admitted to Xiamen Children's Hospital were included in this study and divided into the mild group (24 patients) and severe group (27 patients). A control group comprising healthy children of the same age who underwent routine physical examinations during the same period (30 patients) was also included. The univariate analysis demonstrated that the levels of the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, d-dimer, and P-selectin were increased in a severe group compared with a mild group, while CC16 levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that P-selectin and CC16 levels were independent risk factors for severe ADV pneumonia in children. The areas under the ROC curves suggested that P-selectin and CC16 exhibited high predictive value for severe ADV pneumonia. P-selectin values more than 898.58 pg/mL and CC16 values less than 11.355 ng/mL predicted severe ADV pneumonia. P-selectin and CC16 levels are correlated with the severity of ADV pneumonia in children.
{"title":"Application value of P-selectin and Clara cell secretory protein 16 expression in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia","authors":"Lin Yuan, Yunyan Yang, Jingjing Huang, Zhiqiang Zhuo, Xingdong Wu","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29888","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the roles of P-selectin and Clara cell secretory protein 16 (CC16) levels in the pathogenesis of severe adenovirus (ADV) pneumonia in children and evaluated their ability to predict disease. Fifty-one children (age, 1–5 years) with ADV pneumonia who were admitted to Xiamen Children's Hospital were included in this study and divided into the mild group (24 patients) and severe group (27 patients). A control group comprising healthy children of the same age who underwent routine physical examinations during the same period (30 patients) was also included. The univariate analysis demonstrated that the levels of the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, <span>d</span>-dimer, and P-selectin were increased in a severe group compared with a mild group, while CC16 levels were significantly decreased (<i>p </i>< 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that P-selectin and CC16 levels were independent risk factors for severe ADV pneumonia in children. The areas under the ROC curves suggested that P-selectin and CC16 exhibited high predictive value for severe ADV pneumonia. P-selectin values more than 898.58 pg/mL and CC16 values less than 11.355 ng/mL predicted severe ADV pneumonia. P-selectin and CC16 levels are correlated with the severity of ADV pneumonia in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun Kyo Ha, Ju Hee Kim, Boeun Han, Jeewon Shin, Eun Lee, Kee-Jae Lee, Youn Ho Shin, Man Yong Han
Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), including rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during early childhood, have been linked to subsequent asthma. However, the impact of other respiratory viruses remains unclear. We analyzed nationwide Korean data from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, utilizing the national health insurance database. Our study focused on 19 169 meticulously selected children exposed to severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization with documented viral pathogens, matched with 191 690 unexposed children at a ratio of 1:10 using incidence density sampling. Our findings demonstrate that asthma exacerbation rates were higher among the exposed cohort than the unexposed cohort over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years. We observed elevated risks of asthma exacerbation and newly developed asthma compared to the unexposed cohort. Hospitalization due to rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, metapneumovirus, and adenovirus was related to increased asthma exacerbations. Notably, we found a stronger association in cases of multiple LRTI hospitalizations. In conclusion, our study shows that early childhood respiratory viral infections are related to subsequent asthma exacerbations and new asthma diagnoses.
{"title":"Viral respiratory infections requiring hospitalization in early childhood related to subsequent asthma onset and exacerbation risks","authors":"Eun Kyo Ha, Ju Hee Kim, Boeun Han, Jeewon Shin, Eun Lee, Kee-Jae Lee, Youn Ho Shin, Man Yong Han","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29876","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmv.29876","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), including rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during early childhood, have been linked to subsequent asthma. However, the impact of other respiratory viruses remains unclear. We analyzed nationwide Korean data from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, utilizing the national health insurance database. Our study focused on 19 169 meticulously selected children exposed to severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization with documented viral pathogens, matched with 191 690 unexposed children at a ratio of 1:10 using incidence density sampling. Our findings demonstrate that asthma exacerbation rates were higher among the exposed cohort than the unexposed cohort over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years. We observed elevated risks of asthma exacerbation and newly developed asthma compared to the unexposed cohort. Hospitalization due to rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, metapneumovirus, and adenovirus was related to increased asthma exacerbations. Notably, we found a stronger association in cases of multiple LRTI hospitalizations. In conclusion, our study shows that early childhood respiratory viral infections are related to subsequent asthma exacerbations and new asthma diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}