{"title":"Suitability of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterranean) as An Alternative to Peanut Matrix for Development and Production of Low-Fat Food Spread","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-20-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-20-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81110960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Newly Released Improved Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Under Smallholder Famers’ Condition in Metekel Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-20-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-20-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80660220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Storage Stability and Sensory Acceptability of Low-Fat Spread Produced From Bambara Groundnut","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-20-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-20-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75519107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infestation of potatoes with phythophthora infestans ,also known as ‘’potato late blight ‘’ is the most devastating potato disease world wide. Its occurrence often results in huge economic losses for potato producers. Current control measures involving extensive use of fungicides come with environmental costs. Efforts have been made to develop commercial potato varieties with increased resistance to p.infesting (the causal agent of late blight )using a variety of approaches .Due to the remarkable ability of p.infesting to over come resistance ,potato breeders have not yet succeeded in developing commercial potato varieties with resistance that is lasting. One approach where genetic engineering is used to ‘stack’ genes with broad spectrum resistance to p.infesting in commercial potato varieties ,has been recently been employed as a means to create genetically improved potato varieties with more durable resistance.
马铃薯侵染疫霉(phythophthora infestans)，又称马铃薯晚疫病(potato late blight)，是世界上最具破坏性的马铃薯病害。它的发生经常给马铃薯生产者造成巨大的经济损失。目前广泛使用杀菌剂的控制措施带来了环境代价。人们已经利用各种方法努力开发出对白粉病(晚疫病的致病因子)具有更强抗性的商业马铃薯品种。由于白粉病克服抗性的显著能力，马铃薯育种者尚未成功开发出具有持久抗性的商业马铃薯品种。一种方法是利用基因工程在商业马铃薯品种中“堆叠”具有广谱抗虫性的基因，最近已被用作创造具有更持久抗性的基因改良马铃薯品种的手段。
{"title":"Techniques to Develop Genetically Improved Potato with Increased Resistance to Potato Late Blight (Phythophthora Infestans) A Review","authors":"G. Kebede","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-18-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-18-01","url":null,"abstract":"Infestation of potatoes with phythophthora infestans ,also known as ‘’potato late blight ‘’ is the most devastating potato disease world wide. Its occurrence often results in huge economic losses for potato producers. Current control measures involving extensive use of fungicides come with environmental costs. Efforts have been made to develop commercial potato varieties with increased resistance to p.infesting (the causal agent of late blight )using a variety of approaches .Due to the remarkable ability of p.infesting to over come resistance ,potato breeders have not yet succeeded in developing commercial potato varieties with resistance that is lasting. One approach where genetic engineering is used to ‘stack’ genes with broad spectrum resistance to p.infesting in commercial potato varieties ,has been recently been employed as a means to create genetically improved potato varieties with more durable resistance.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76271644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the major causes of agricultural land degradation is a fundamental step for finding possible solutions to mitigate farmland degradation. This article is focused on studying the causes of agricultural land degradation and identifying possible policy responses as well as directions to overcome the farmland and related resources degradation challenges. This study employed multiple data sources and a combination of policy documents, spatial data and information from the field through structured observation were utilized. Based on the land policy analysis, the major bottlenecks on efficient and effective implementation of the policy directions and legal frameworks were lack of awareness and sense of ownership; specific land use policy; institution responsible for land administration and use, to support and coordinate stakeholders efforts; mechanisms to build the capacity of implementers, beneficiaries, and how to disseminate the information for the public; attention for research and development to prepare land use plan in line with the dynamism of land use and cover change. Rights to use of common-pool resources were also a neglected aspect of land policy. Particularly in the Benshangul-Gumuz region, the majority of the local communities depend on common-pool resources such as forest lands, rangelands and wetlands for their livelihoods. On top of this, there were some constraints in the legal frameworks of the region: enforcement mechanisms for violations of the provision on land management are referred to relevant institutions and bodies; customary land right is not properly recognized in proclamations; and the ceiling for holding size not determined based on the in-depth study of the agro-ecological conditions, farming practices and customary landholdings system in the region. Thus, policymakers need to consider these drivers and make sound decisions during decision makings.
{"title":"Policy Response on Land Degradation Induced by Large-scale Commercial Farming in Benishangul-Gumuz Region, North Western Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Disassa Marru, Shishay Kiros Weldegebriel","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-18-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-18-02","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the major causes of agricultural land degradation is a fundamental step for finding possible solutions to mitigate farmland degradation. This article is focused on studying the causes of agricultural land degradation and identifying possible policy responses as well as directions to overcome the farmland and related resources degradation challenges. This study employed multiple data sources and a combination of policy documents, spatial data and information from the field through structured observation were utilized. Based on the land policy analysis, the major bottlenecks on efficient and effective implementation of the policy directions and legal frameworks were lack of awareness and sense of ownership; specific land use policy; institution responsible for land administration and use, to support and coordinate stakeholders efforts; mechanisms to build the capacity of implementers, beneficiaries, and how to disseminate the information for the public; attention for research and development to prepare land use plan in line with the dynamism of land use and cover change. Rights to use of common-pool resources were also a neglected aspect of land policy. Particularly in the Benshangul-Gumuz region, the majority of the local communities depend on common-pool resources such as forest lands, rangelands and wetlands for their livelihoods. On top of this, there were some constraints in the legal frameworks of the region: enforcement mechanisms for violations of the provision on land management are referred to relevant institutions and bodies; customary land right is not properly recognized in proclamations; and the ceiling for holding size not determined based on the in-depth study of the agro-ecological conditions, farming practices and customary landholdings system in the region. Thus, policymakers need to consider these drivers and make sound decisions during decision makings.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83951846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An efficient, simple micro propagation method was developed for Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cv. Volvo using fresh sprouting bud in basal culture media. Explants were cultured on to Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BA (Benzyl adenine) and KIN (Kinetin) for shoot micro propagation and IBA (Indol-3-Butyric acid) and NAA (α- Naphthalene acetic acid) for root induction. Explants cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA + 0.5gm/L KIN gave the highest averages in shoot number (11.3 shoots/explant), leaf number (22.8 leaves/shoot) and highest plant height (16.4 cm) and followed by the concentration 2 mg/L of BA and 1mg/L KIN gave the highest averages of shoot number (9.8 shoots/explant), leaf number (13.9 leaves/shoot) and highest plant height (10.3 cm). In vitro shootlets were rooted on to the half strength MS basal media supplemented with the 1.0 mg/L NAA and followed by 1mg/L IBA and 2mg/L NAA obtained the highest averages of roots number and roots length were achieved (9.6 roots/shoot and 11.1 cm respectively) and (8.3 roots/shoot and highest length of roots 10.8 cm respectively. Rooted shoots were transplanted in the green house for hardening off planted at the mixture of forest soil, coffee husk and sand soil (2:1:1) ratio respectively and their survival was 96% in the field condition. Hence, the acclimatization seedlings were set edible rhizomes in cement bug and pot in seven months.
研究了一种高效、简便的生姜微繁方法。沃尔沃在基础培养基中使用新鲜芽。外植体在添加不同浓度BA (Benzyl adenine)和KIN (Kinetin)的MS培养基上进行茎部微繁殖，添加不同浓度IBA(吲哚-3-丁酸)和NAA (α-萘乙酸)进行根诱导。在添加2.0 mg/L BA + 0.5gm/L KIN的MS基础培养基上培养的外植体苗数、叶数(22.8片/枝)和最高株高(16.4 cm)的平均值最高，其次是BA浓度为2 mg/L和KIN浓度为1mg/L的外植体苗数(9.8片/枝)、叶数(13.9片/枝)和最高株高(10.3 cm)。试管苗在添加1.0 mg/L NAA的半强MS基础培养基上生根，分别添加1mg/L IBA和2mg/L NAA，平均根数和根长最高，分别为9.6根/枝和11.1 cm, 8.3根/枝和最高根长10.8 cm。以森林土、咖啡壳土和沙土(2:1:1)混合种植，将根茎移栽至温室进行硬化处理，在大田条件下成活率为96%。因此，驯化苗在7个月后在水泥虫和盆栽中设置可食用根茎。
{"title":"An Efficient Protocol for Micro Propagation of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) cv. Volvo via Sprout Bud Culture","authors":"Berihu Mengs","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-17-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-17-02","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient, simple micro propagation method was developed for Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cv. Volvo using fresh sprouting bud in basal culture media. Explants were cultured on to Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BA (Benzyl adenine) and KIN (Kinetin) for shoot micro propagation and IBA (Indol-3-Butyric acid) and NAA (α- Naphthalene acetic acid) for root induction. Explants cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA + 0.5gm/L KIN gave the highest averages in shoot number (11.3 shoots/explant), leaf number (22.8 leaves/shoot) and highest plant height (16.4 cm) and followed by the concentration 2 mg/L of BA and 1mg/L KIN gave the highest averages of shoot number (9.8 shoots/explant), leaf number (13.9 leaves/shoot) and highest plant height (10.3 cm). In vitro shootlets were rooted on to the half strength MS basal media supplemented with the 1.0 mg/L NAA and followed by 1mg/L IBA and 2mg/L NAA obtained the highest averages of roots number and roots length were achieved (9.6 roots/shoot and 11.1 cm respectively) and (8.3 roots/shoot and highest length of roots 10.8 cm respectively. Rooted shoots were transplanted in the green house for hardening off planted at the mixture of forest soil, coffee husk and sand soil (2:1:1) ratio respectively and their survival was 96% in the field condition. Hence, the acclimatization seedlings were set edible rhizomes in cement bug and pot in seven months.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kumsa, Abuye Tulu, Effa Wolteji, Mekonnen Diribsa, W. Keba, W. Temesgen
The pre-extension demonstration of fodder oat technology with its full agronomic practices was done to demonstrate and popularize the newly released oat variety and thereby create awareness for farmers and agricultural extension agents. Two improved fodder oat varieties (Bate and Bonsa) were demonstrated on purposely selected AGP II districts namely; Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuqa, Guto Gida, Diga, and Horro districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega zones, respectively. One peasant association (PA) was selected purposely from each district based on forage production potential and compatibility with AGP II criteria. The experiment was demonstrated on a simple plot with a size of 10 x 10 m. Forage dry matter and grain yield data, and farmer perceptions and preferences were collected and analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and pair-wise ranking technique. The varieties showed remarkable variation in their dry matter and grain yield potential across the testing areas. The average dry matter yield performance of the Bate (4.67 t/ha) variety obtained from the farmer's field was relatively higher than Bonsa (4.19 t/ha) variety used as a standard check. Similarly, the average grain yield performance recorded for Bate (31.24 qt ha -1 ) variety was also higher as compared to Bonsa (25.02 qt ha -1 ) variety. Based on the procedure of variety evaluation and selection criteria, farmers set their criteria to evaluate, rank, and select the best variety following the real situation existing. Thus, against each of the criteria and weight attached, Bate variety was selected and ranked first for its high dry matter and grain yield, tolerance to disease and lodging, and leafiness as compared to Bonsa variety. Therefore; it is important to scale up this variety on a larger scale to improve the availability of quality feed and boost the production and productivity of livestock in the area.
通过全面农艺实践的饲料燕麦技术推广前示范，对新发布的燕麦品种进行示范和推广，提高农民和农业推广机构的认识。两个改良饲料燕麦品种(Bate和Bonsa)在AGP II区进行了示范，即;分别为东部的Boneya Boshe、Wayu Tuqa、Guto Gida、Diga和Horro区和Horro Guduru Wollega区。根据饲料生产潜力和与AGP II标准的兼容性，从每个地区有目的地选择一个农民协会。该实验是在一个大小为10 × 10 m的简单地块上进行的。利用简单描述统计和成对排序技术，收集饲料干物质和粮食产量数据，以及农民的感知和偏好。各品种在各试验区的干物质和产量潜力差异显著。从农民田间获得的Bate品种(4.67 t/ha)的平均干物质产量表现相对高于作为标准检查的Bonsa品种(4.19 t/ha)。同样，Bate品种(31.24 qt ha -1)的平均产量表现也高于Bonsa品种(25.02 qt ha -1)。在品种评价和选择标准的基础上，农民根据现有的实际情况制定自己的评价、排序和选择最佳品种的标准。因此，根据所附加的每一个标准和重量，Bate品种被选中，与Bonsa品种相比，它的干物质和粮食产量高，抗病和抗倒伏能力强，叶片多，排名第一。因此;重要的是要更大规模地扩大这一品种，以改善优质饲料的供应，并提高该地区牲畜的产量和生产力。
{"title":"Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Fodder oat Varieties in Selected Districts of Western Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Kumsa, Abuye Tulu, Effa Wolteji, Mekonnen Diribsa, W. Keba, W. Temesgen","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-18-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-18-03","url":null,"abstract":"The pre-extension demonstration of fodder oat technology with its full agronomic practices was done to demonstrate and popularize the newly released oat variety and thereby create awareness for farmers and agricultural extension agents. Two improved fodder oat varieties (Bate and Bonsa) were demonstrated on purposely selected AGP II districts namely; Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuqa, Guto Gida, Diga, and Horro districts of East and Horro Guduru Wollega zones, respectively. One peasant association (PA) was selected purposely from each district based on forage production potential and compatibility with AGP II criteria. The experiment was demonstrated on a simple plot with a size of 10 x 10 m. Forage dry matter and grain yield data, and farmer perceptions and preferences were collected and analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and pair-wise ranking technique. The varieties showed remarkable variation in their dry matter and grain yield potential across the testing areas. The average dry matter yield performance of the Bate (4.67 t/ha) variety obtained from the farmer's field was relatively higher than Bonsa (4.19 t/ha) variety used as a standard check. Similarly, the average grain yield performance recorded for Bate (31.24 qt ha -1 ) variety was also higher as compared to Bonsa (25.02 qt ha -1 ) variety. Based on the procedure of variety evaluation and selection criteria, farmers set their criteria to evaluate, rank, and select the best variety following the real situation existing. Thus, against each of the criteria and weight attached, Bate variety was selected and ranked first for its high dry matter and grain yield, tolerance to disease and lodging, and leafiness as compared to Bonsa variety. Therefore; it is important to scale up this variety on a larger scale to improve the availability of quality feed and boost the production and productivity of livestock in the area.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79499806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In fact food security can be increased through improved land use and land management practices. In Ethiopia much of the increase in crop production in the past decade has been due to increases in area of cultivated. To what extent expansion can continue remains a question, therefore obtaining higher yield rates is the challenge of Ethiopia’s agricultural system. Conservation agriculture (mulching); which here refers to minimizing soil disturbance through no-till practice, application of organic mulch cover, and cropping in time; has the potential to improve soil quality, water, and crop productivity. The objectives of this critical review is to collect available information in similar production environments, indicators on the essential of CA contributions to soil quality, crop and water productivity both in dry and rainfall seasons of Ethiopian agriculture. Recently a study on the role of conservation agriculture indicates improve soil quality, crop yield and water productivity. In addition to this CA can be protect soil layer for erosions either wind or runoff, to optimize infiltration rate minimize runoff, to crate the path of soil it contributes micro nutrients move easily. So, reviewer concluded that conservation agriculture is potentially important to improve sustainable Ethiopian agricultural production and productivity. This agricultural practice (CA) should be able to adopt for irrigated and rain fed farms of Ethiopia.
{"title":"The Essentials of Conservation Agriculture for Soil Quality, Crop and Water Productivity in Ethiopian Agriculture: A Review","authors":"Temesgen Fentahun Adamtie","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-16-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-16-03","url":null,"abstract":"In fact food security can be increased through improved land use and land management practices. In Ethiopia much of the increase in crop production in the past decade has been due to increases in area of cultivated. To what extent expansion can continue remains a question, therefore obtaining higher yield rates is the challenge of Ethiopia’s agricultural system. Conservation agriculture (mulching); which here refers to minimizing soil disturbance through no-till practice, application of organic mulch cover, and cropping in time; has the potential to improve soil quality, water, and crop productivity. The objectives of this critical review is to collect available information in similar production environments, indicators on the essential of CA contributions to soil quality, crop and water productivity both in dry and rainfall seasons of Ethiopian agriculture. Recently a study on the role of conservation agriculture indicates improve soil quality, crop yield and water productivity. In addition to this CA can be protect soil layer for erosions either wind or runoff, to optimize infiltration rate minimize runoff, to crate the path of soil it contributes micro nutrients move easily. So, reviewer concluded that conservation agriculture is potentially important to improve sustainable Ethiopian agricultural production and productivity. This agricultural practice (CA) should be able to adopt for irrigated and rain fed farms of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79176291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) was originated in the central high lands of the Andes in South America and was brought to Europe in the 16th century. It is the world’s fourth most widely cultivated food crop after wheat, rice and maize. Ethiopia has considerable potential for potato cultivation, as 70 percent of its arable land is suitable mainly highland areas above 1500 meters of altitude. Also, the country is one of the major producers in Eastern Africa because of its suitable agro-ecology and its domestic consumption levels. The main objective of the review was to know potato production and marketing status by small holder farmers in Ethiopia. The data were collected from secondary sources mainly from FAOSTAT, CSA and different published materials on production and marketing chain in Ethiopia. The general idea of the review shows that Ethiopia has potential for potato production but lack of certified improved seed for potato producers, local seed multipliers have limited access to information and depend on low-quality local potato varieties selected and multiplied according to individual knowledge, the high cost of agro-chemicals either refuse to purchase fertilizer or apply inadequate amounts per hectare. In addition, the use of the same type of chemicals repeatedly allows pests and diseases to develop resistance. The major constraints of potato marketing involve poor storage and handling and low upgrading strategies to the commodity. Lack of market information providing institutions, higher input price, multiple taxes, and chemical herbicides, adulteration, absence of road service, poor product quality and high cost of input, weak market linkages among market. Therefore, the government and other concerned bodies should focus on increasing production and productivity of potato which in turn focused for establishing well potato market development for mutual benefits of all actors.
{"title":"Potato Production and Marketing by Small Holder Farmers in Ethiopia፡ A Review Study","authors":"Dawit Milkias, A. Keba","doi":"10.7176/jnsr/12-16-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jnsr/12-16-02","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) was originated in the central high lands of the Andes in South America and was brought to Europe in the 16th century. It is the world’s fourth most widely cultivated food crop after wheat, rice and maize. Ethiopia has considerable potential for potato cultivation, as 70 percent of its arable land is suitable mainly highland areas above 1500 meters of altitude. Also, the country is one of the major producers in Eastern Africa because of its suitable agro-ecology and its domestic consumption levels. The main objective of the review was to know potato production and marketing status by small holder farmers in Ethiopia. The data were collected from secondary sources mainly from FAOSTAT, CSA and different published materials on production and marketing chain in Ethiopia. The general idea of the review shows that Ethiopia has potential for potato production but lack of certified improved seed for potato producers, local seed multipliers have limited access to information and depend on low-quality local potato varieties selected and multiplied according to individual knowledge, the high cost of agro-chemicals either refuse to purchase fertilizer or apply inadequate amounts per hectare. In addition, the use of the same type of chemicals repeatedly allows pests and diseases to develop resistance. The major constraints of potato marketing involve poor storage and handling and low upgrading strategies to the commodity. Lack of market information providing institutions, higher input price, multiple taxes, and chemical herbicides, adulteration, absence of road service, poor product quality and high cost of input, weak market linkages among market. Therefore, the government and other concerned bodies should focus on increasing production and productivity of potato which in turn focused for establishing well potato market development for mutual benefits of all actors.","PeriodicalId":16368,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90975490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakatu Hunduma, L. Admassu, Abdissa Mekonnen, B. Mengistu
The experiment was carried out for three years from 2016 to 2018 at Wolmera to study the response of different seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer of linseed varieties. The experiment was arranged in RCBD factorial combination with three replications. Two improved varieties (kassa- 2 and Tolle), three seeding rates (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) and four Nitrogen rates (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N/ha) were used. Data was collected and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS/STAT (Windows 9) (SAS Institute, 2004) software. Mean separation was done using list significant difference (LSD test) . The analysis of variance revealed non-significant difference for grain yield between the two varieties (p<0.05). Seed rate was Significant to affect grain yield but other parameters tasted were not significantly affected by seed rate. Nitrogen rate had a significant effect on all parameters tasted (p<0.05 except seed oil content. Higher seed yield (1734.9 kg/ha) was obtained by the application of 69 kg N/ha but it was not statistically different from the yield obtained by 46kg N/ha (1722.5 kg/ha). Interaction effect was not significant enough to alter seed and biomass yield. Partial economic analysis revealed that seed rate of 30 kg/ha and 46 kg /ha nitrogen fertilizer rate were the optimum rates for linseed production at the study area.
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