Each paper must include an abstract. Abstracts should be 100–200 words. Running Title: Each paper must include a running title of no more than 80 characters. Research Articles: Original research articles should be sub-divided into the following sections: • Abstract • Introduction (concise with no sub-headings) • Results (may be sub-divided) • Discussion (results and discussion may be combined and may include sub-headings) • Experimental Procedures (should be sufficiently detailed to permit the experiments to be reproduced) • Acknowledgements • References Reviews: Review articles should be sub-divided into the following sections: • Abstract • Introduction (concise with no sub-headings) • The main text of the paper (should be divided under various headings as appropriate to the article) • Acknowledgements • References Communications: Short Communications should be 2–5 journal pages in length, should include an abstract and running title, but should not be divided into introduction, results, discussion, and experimental procedures sections. Sub-sections specifying topic are permissible. Units: Concentration to be given in g/l, etc., or molarity, M. Use the format g/ml not g ml-1. Note ml not mL. Footnotes: Avoid footnotes. When essential, they are numbered consecutively and typed at the foot of the appropriate page. Tables and Illustrations: Tables and figures must be numbered (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2) and submitted as separate files. Tables require a heading and figures a legend, which must provide sufficient information for either to stand alone. Each figure and table must be cited in the text numerically. Tables should be in Word format. When possible, group several illustrations in a block for reproduction (max. size 180 x 223 mm). B/w half-tone and color figures must have a final resolution of 300 dpi after scaling to final size, line drawings 1200 dpi. Color figures must be in RGB format. All figures should be in a common format such as PSD, TIF, PNG EPS or WMF. Vector graphics should be in PPT, AI or EPS format. See the Technical Instructions (http://www.karger. com/Services/Submission) for more information. Color Illustrations Online edition: Color illustrations are reproduced free of charge. In the print version, the illustrations are reproduced in black and white. Please avoid referring to the colors in the text and figure legends. Print edition: Up to 6 color illustrations per page can be integrated within the text at CHF 960.00 per page. References: Identify references [in square brackets] in the text by naming the authors and the year. 1 author: [Saier, 1994]; 2 authors: [Altschul and Karlin,
每篇论文必须包括摘要。摘要应在100-200字之间。正文标题:每篇论文必须包含一个不超过80个字符的正文标题。研究文章:原始研究文章应细分为以下部分:•摘要•介绍(简明扼要，无副标题)•结果(可细分)•讨论(结果和讨论可合并，并可包括副标题)•实验程序(应足够详细，以允许实验重现)•致谢•参考文献综述:综述文章应细分为以下部分:•摘要•介绍(简明扼要，没有副标题)•论文的主要内容(应根据文章的不同标题进行划分)•致谢•参考文献通讯:简短的通讯长度应为2-5页，应包括摘要和标题，但不应分为介绍，结果，讨论和实验过程部分。允许指定主题的子节。单位:浓度(g/l等)或摩尔浓度(m)，格式为g/ml，而不是g ml-1。注ml而不是ml。脚注:避免脚注。必要时，将它们连续编号并打印在相应页面的底部。表格和插图:表格和图形必须编号(例如图1、图2)，并作为单独的文件提交。表格需要一个标题，图表需要一个图例，图例必须提供足够的信息，以便单独使用。每个图表和表格必须在文本中引用数字。表格应该是Word格式。如果可能的话，将几个插图组合在一个块中进行复制(最多)。尺寸180 x 223毫米)。黑白半色调和彩色图形缩放到最终尺寸后的最终分辨率必须为300 dpi，线条图为1200 dpi。彩色图形必须为RGB格式。所有的数字应该在一个共同的格式，如PSD, TIF, PNG, EPS或WMF。矢量图形应采用PPT、AI或EPS格式。参见技术说明(http://www.karger)。com/Services/Submission)获取更多信息。彩色插图在线版:彩色插图是免费复制。在印刷版中，插图是黑白的。请避免提及文字和图例中的颜色。印刷版:每页最多6张彩色插图，每页960瑞士法郎。参考文献:通过指出作者和年份来识别文本中的参考文献[在方括号中]。1作者:[Saier, 1994];2位作者:Altschul和Karlin，
{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"M. Saier","doi":"10.1159/000481418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000481418","url":null,"abstract":"Each paper must include an abstract. Abstracts should be 100–200 words. Running Title: Each paper must include a running title of no more than 80 characters. Research Articles: Original research articles should be sub-divided into the following sections: • Abstract • Introduction (concise with no sub-headings) • Results (may be sub-divided) • Discussion (results and discussion may be combined and may include sub-headings) • Experimental Procedures (should be sufficiently detailed to permit the experiments to be reproduced) • Acknowledgements • References Reviews: Review articles should be sub-divided into the following sections: • Abstract • Introduction (concise with no sub-headings) • The main text of the paper (should be divided under various headings as appropriate to the article) • Acknowledgements • References Communications: Short Communications should be 2–5 journal pages in length, should include an abstract and running title, but should not be divided into introduction, results, discussion, and experimental procedures sections. Sub-sections specifying topic are permissible. Units: Concentration to be given in g/l, etc., or molarity, M. Use the format g/ml not g ml-1. Note ml not mL. Footnotes: Avoid footnotes. When essential, they are numbered consecutively and typed at the foot of the appropriate page. Tables and Illustrations: Tables and figures must be numbered (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2) and submitted as separate files. Tables require a heading and figures a legend, which must provide sufficient information for either to stand alone. Each figure and table must be cited in the text numerically. Tables should be in Word format. When possible, group several illustrations in a block for reproduction (max. size 180 x 223 mm). B/w half-tone and color figures must have a final resolution of 300 dpi after scaling to final size, line drawings 1200 dpi. Color figures must be in RGB format. All figures should be in a common format such as PSD, TIF, PNG EPS or WMF. Vector graphics should be in PPT, AI or EPS format. See the Technical Instructions (http://www.karger. com/Services/Submission) for more information. Color Illustrations Online edition: Color illustrations are reproduced free of charge. In the print version, the illustrations are reproduced in black and white. Please avoid referring to the colors in the text and figure legends. Print edition: Up to 6 color illustrations per page can be integrated within the text at CHF 960.00 per page. References: Identify references [in square brackets] in the text by naming the authors and the year. 1 author: [Saier, 1994]; 2 authors: [Altschul and Karlin,","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna S. Ruppersberg, M. R. Goebel, S. I. Kleinert, Daniel Wünsch, K. Trautwein, R. Rabus
To more efficiently process the large sample numbers for quantitative determination of ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (orthophosphate, PO43-) generated during comprehensive growth experiments with the marine Roseobacter group member Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395, specific colorimetric assays employing a microplate reader (MPR) were established. The NH4+ assay is based on the reaction of NH4+ with hypochlorite and salicylate, yielding a limit of detection of 14 µM, a limit of quantitation of 36 µM, and a linear range for quantitative determination up to 200 µM. The PO43-assay is based on the complex formation of PO43- with ammonium molybdate in the presence of ascorbate and zinc acetate, yielding a limit of detection of 13 µM, a limit of quantitation of 50 µM, and a linear range for quantitative determination up to 1 mM. Both MPR-based assays allowed for fast (significantly lower than 1 h) analysis of 21 samples plus standards for calibration (all measured in triplicates) and showed only low variation across a large collection of biological samples.
{"title":"Photometric Determination of Ammonium and Phosphate in Seawater Medium Using a Microplate Reader","authors":"Hanna S. Ruppersberg, M. R. Goebel, S. I. Kleinert, Daniel Wünsch, K. Trautwein, R. Rabus","doi":"10.1159/000454814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000454814","url":null,"abstract":"To more efficiently process the large sample numbers for quantitative determination of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and phosphate (orthophosphate, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>) generated during comprehensive growth experiments with the marine Roseobacter group member Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 17395, specific colorimetric assays employing a microplate reader (MPR) were established. The NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> assay is based on the reaction of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> with hypochlorite and salicylate, yielding a limit of detection of 14 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>, a limit of quantitation of 36 µ<smlcap>M,</smlcap> and a linear range for quantitative determination up to 200 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>. The PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>assay is based on the complex formation of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> with ammonium molybdate in the presence of ascorbate and zinc acetate, yielding a limit of detection of 13 µ<smlcap>M</smlcap>, a limit of quantitation of 50 µ<smlcap>M,</smlcap> and a linear range for quantitative determination up to 1 m<smlcap>M</smlcap>. Both MPR-based assays allowed for fast (significantly lower than 1 h) analysis of 21 samples plus standards for calibration (all measured in triplicates) and showed only low variation across a large collection of biological samples.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"73 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000454814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41473092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nina El Najjar, Christine Kaimer, Thomas C. Rösch, P. Graumann
Bacillus subtilis possesses 2 DNA translocases that affect late stages of chromosome segregation: SftA separates nonsegregated DNA prior to septum closure, while SpoIIIE rescues septum-entrapped DNA. We provide evidence that SftA is associated with the division machinery via a stretch of 47 amino acids within its N-terminus, suggesting that SftA is recruited by protein-protein interactions with a component of the division machinery. SftA was also recruited to mid-cell in the absence of its first 20 amino acids, which are proposed to contain a membrane-binding motif. Cell fractionation experiments showed that SftA can be found in the cytosolic fraction, and to a minor degree in the membrane fraction, showing that it is a soluble protein in vivo. The expression of truncated SftA constructs led to a dominant sftA deletion phenotype, even at very low induction rates of the truncated proteins, indicating that the incorporation of nonfunctional monomers into SftA hexamers abolishes functionality. Mobility shift experiments and surface plasmon binding studies showed that SftA binds to DNA in a cooperative manner, and demonstrated low ATPase activity when binding to short nucleotides rather than to long stretches of DNA.
{"title":"Requirements for Septal Localization and Chromosome Segregation Activity of the DNA Translocase SftA from Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Nina El Najjar, Christine Kaimer, Thomas C. Rösch, P. Graumann","doi":"10.1159/000450725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000450725","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus subtilis possesses 2 DNA translocases that affect late stages of chromosome segregation: SftA separates nonsegregated DNA prior to septum closure, while SpoIIIE rescues septum-entrapped DNA. We provide evidence that SftA is associated with the division machinery via a stretch of 47 amino acids within its N-terminus, suggesting that SftA is recruited by protein-protein interactions with a component of the division machinery. SftA was also recruited to mid-cell in the absence of its first 20 amino acids, which are proposed to contain a membrane-binding motif. Cell fractionation experiments showed that SftA can be found in the cytosolic fraction, and to a minor degree in the membrane fraction, showing that it is a soluble protein in vivo. The expression of truncated SftA constructs led to a dominant sftA deletion phenotype, even at very low induction rates of the truncated proteins, indicating that the incorporation of nonfunctional monomers into SftA hexamers abolishes functionality. Mobility shift experiments and surface plasmon binding studies showed that SftA binds to DNA in a cooperative manner, and demonstrated low ATPase activity when binding to short nucleotides rather than to long stretches of DNA.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"29 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000450725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65141822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huayou Chen, Zhi Chen, Bangguo Wu, Jawad Ullah, Tianxi Zhang, Jinru Jia, Hongcheng Wang, T. Tan
In the present study, fusion genes composed of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 nitrilase and Bacillus subtilis 168 outer coat protein CotG were constructed with various peptide linkers and displayed on B. subtilis DB 403 spores. The successful display of CotG-nit fusion proteins on the spore surface of B. subtilis was verified by Western blot analysis and activity measurement. It was demonstrated that the fusion with linker GGGGSEAAAKGGGGS presented the highest thermal and pH stability, which is 2.67- and 1.9-fold of the fusion without linker. In addition, fusion with flexible linker (GGGGS)3 demonstrated better thermal and pH stability than fusions with linkers GGGGS and (GGGGS)2. Fusion with rigid linker (EAAAK) demonstrated better thermal stability than fusions with linkers (EAAAK)2 and (EAAAK)3. Fusions with linker (EAAAK)2 demonstrated better pH stability than fusions with linkers (EAAAK) and (EAAAK)3. In the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1% (v/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 20% (v/v) ethanol, the optimal linkers of the fusions were MGSSSN, GGGGSEAAAKGGGGS, and (GGGGS)3, respectively. In summary, our results showed that optimizing the peptide linkers with different type, length, and amino acid composition of the fusion proteins would be an efficient way to maintain the stability of fusion proteins and thus improve the nitrilase display efficiency, which could provide an effective method for rational design peptide linkers of displayed nitrilase on B. subtilis.
{"title":"Influences of Various Peptide Linkers on the Thermotoga maritima MSB8 Nitrilase Displayed on the Spore Surface of Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Huayou Chen, Zhi Chen, Bangguo Wu, Jawad Ullah, Tianxi Zhang, Jinru Jia, Hongcheng Wang, T. Tan","doi":"10.1159/000454813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000454813","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, fusion genes composed of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 nitrilase and Bacillus subtilis 168 outer coat protein CotG were constructed with various peptide linkers and displayed on B. subtilis DB 403 spores. The successful display of CotG-nit fusion proteins on the spore surface of B. subtilis was verified by Western blot analysis and activity measurement. It was demonstrated that the fusion with linker GGGGSEAAAKGGGGS presented the highest thermal and pH stability, which is 2.67- and 1.9-fold of the fusion without linker. In addition, fusion with flexible linker (GGGGS)3 demonstrated better thermal and pH stability than fusions with linkers GGGGS and (GGGGS)2. Fusion with rigid linker (EAAAK) demonstrated better thermal stability than fusions with linkers (EAAAK)2 and (EAAAK)3. Fusions with linker (EAAAK)2 demonstrated better pH stability than fusions with linkers (EAAAK) and (EAAAK)3. In the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1% (v/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 20% (v/v) ethanol, the optimal linkers of the fusions were MGSSSN, GGGGSEAAAKGGGGS, and (GGGGS)3, respectively. In summary, our results showed that optimizing the peptide linkers with different type, length, and amino acid composition of the fusion proteins would be an efficient way to maintain the stability of fusion proteins and thus improve the nitrilase display efficiency, which could provide an effective method for rational design peptide linkers of displayed nitrilase on B. subtilis.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"64 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000454813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41730530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura E. Navas, A. Amadio, E. M. Ortiz, D. Sauka, G. Benintende, M. Berretta, R. Zandomeni
We report the complete sequence and analysis of pFR260, a novel megaplasmid of 260,595 bp from the Bacillus thuringiensis strain INTA Fr7-4 isolated in Argentina. It carries 7 insecticidal genes: 3 cry8 copies previously reported, 2 vip1, and 2 vip2. Also, it carries a gene encoding a putative atypical Cry protein. These genes are arranged in a region of approximately 105 kbp in size with characteristics of a pathogenicity island with a potential coleopteran-specific insecticide profile. DNA strand composition asymmetry, as determined by GC skew analysis, and the presence of a Rep protein involved in the initiation of replication suggest a bidirectional theta mechanism of replication. In addition, many genes involved in conjugation and a CRISPR-Cas system were detected. The pFR260 sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number KX258624.
{"title":"Complete Sequence and Organization of pFR260, the Bacillus thuringiensis INTA Fr7-4 Plasmid Harboring Insecticidal Genes","authors":"Laura E. Navas, A. Amadio, E. M. Ortiz, D. Sauka, G. Benintende, M. Berretta, R. Zandomeni","doi":"10.1159/000451056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000451056","url":null,"abstract":"We report the complete sequence and analysis of pFR260, a novel megaplasmid of 260,595 bp from the Bacillus thuringiensis strain INTA Fr7-4 isolated in Argentina. It carries 7 insecticidal genes: 3 cry8 copies previously reported, 2 vip1, and 2 vip2. Also, it carries a gene encoding a putative atypical Cry protein. These genes are arranged in a region of approximately 105 kbp in size with characteristics of a pathogenicity island with a potential coleopteran-specific insecticide profile. DNA strand composition asymmetry, as determined by GC skew analysis, and the presence of a Rep protein involved in the initiation of replication suggest a bidirectional theta mechanism of replication. In addition, many genes involved in conjugation and a CRISPR-Cas system were detected. The pFR260 sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number KX258624.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"43 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000451056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on the production and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555. Six different nitrogen sources were used for ATCC 31555 fermentation, and 2 of these were further analyzed due to their more positive influence on welan gum production and bacterial biomass. Bacterial biomass, welan gum yield, welan viscosity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, acyl content, and welan structure were analyzed. Welan gum production and the biomass concentration of ATCC 31555 were higher in media containing NaNO3 and beef extract. Welan viscosity decreased at higher temperatures of 30-90°C, and it increased with a higher welan concentration. In the media containing NaNO3 (3 g·L-1), welan viscosity was higher at 30-70°C and a welan solution concentration of 6-10 g·L-1. With a reduced NaNO3 concentration, the molecular weight of welan gum and the molar ratio of mannose decreased, but the molar ratio of glucuronic acid increased. With different nitrogen sources, the acetyl content of welan gum differed but its structure was similar. NaNO3 and beef extract facilitated welan production. A reduced NaNO3 concentration promoted welan viscosity.
{"title":"Production and Rheological Properties of Welan Gum Produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 with Different Nitrogen Sources","authors":"Xiaopeng Xu, Z. Nie, Z. Zheng, Li Zhu, X. Zhan","doi":"10.1159/000452835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452835","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on the production and rheological properties of welan gum produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555. Six different nitrogen sources were used for ATCC 31555 fermentation, and 2 of these were further analyzed due to their more positive influence on welan gum production and bacterial biomass. Bacterial biomass, welan gum yield, welan viscosity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, acyl content, and welan structure were analyzed. Welan gum production and the biomass concentration of ATCC 31555 were higher in media containing NaNO3 and beef extract. Welan viscosity decreased at higher temperatures of 30-90°C, and it increased with a higher welan concentration. In the media containing NaNO3 (3 g·L-1), welan viscosity was higher at 30-70°C and a welan solution concentration of 6-10 g·L-1. With a reduced NaNO3 concentration, the molecular weight of welan gum and the molar ratio of mannose decreased, but the molar ratio of glucuronic acid increased. With different nitrogen sources, the acetyl content of welan gum differed but its structure was similar. NaNO3 and beef extract facilitated welan production. A reduced NaNO3 concentration promoted welan viscosity.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"55 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48005460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fungus Trichoderma is a teleomorph of the Hypocrea genus and associated with biological control of plant diseases. The microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of Trichoderma was carried out and evaluated for in vitro antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot disease in groundnut. In total, 11 isolates of Trichoderma were examined for antagonism at 6 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). Out of 11, T. virens NBAII Tvs12 evidenced the highest (87.91%) growth inhibition of the test pathogen followed by T. koningii MTCC 796 (67.03%), T. viride NBAII Tv23 (63.74%), and T. harzianum NBAII Th1 (60.44%). Strong mycoparasitism was observed in the best antagonist Tvs12 strain during 6-12 DAI. The specific activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes - chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase - was positively correlated with growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In total, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms were reported to amplify 202 alleles across 11 Trichoderma isolates. The average polymorphism information content for SSR markers was found to be 0.80. The best antagonist Tvs 12 was identified with 7 unique SSR alleles amplified by 5 SSR markers. Clustering patterns of 11 Trichoderma strains showed the best antagonist T. virens NBAII Tvs 12 outgrouped with a minimum 3% similarity from the rest of Trichoderma.
{"title":"Antipathy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.: Evaluation of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymatic Activities and Molecular Diversity Analysis of Antagonists","authors":"D. Hirpara, H. Gajera, H. Z. Hirpara, B. Golakiya","doi":"10.1159/000452997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452997","url":null,"abstract":"The fungus Trichoderma is a teleomorph of the Hypocrea genus and associated with biological control of plant diseases. The microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of Trichoderma was carried out and evaluated for in vitro antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot disease in groundnut. In total, 11 isolates of Trichoderma were examined for antagonism at 6 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). Out of 11, T. virens NBAII Tvs12 evidenced the highest (87.91%) growth inhibition of the test pathogen followed by T. koningii MTCC 796 (67.03%), T. viride NBAII Tv23 (63.74%), and T. harzianum NBAII Th1 (60.44%). Strong mycoparasitism was observed in the best antagonist Tvs12 strain during 6-12 DAI. The specific activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes - chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase - was positively correlated with growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In total, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms were reported to amplify 202 alleles across 11 Trichoderma isolates. The average polymorphism information content for SSR markers was found to be 0.80. The best antagonist Tvs 12 was identified with 7 unique SSR alleles amplified by 5 SSR markers. Clustering patterns of 11 Trichoderma strains showed the best antagonist T. virens NBAII Tvs 12 outgrouped with a minimum 3% similarity from the rest of Trichoderma.","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":"22 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000452997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48528522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-02-24DOI: 10.1159/000455169
Jolanta Mierzejewska, Aleksandra Tymoszewska, Karolina Chreptowicz, Kamil Krol
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a rosy scent which is widely used in the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industries. Promising sources of natural 2-PE are microorganisms, especially yeasts, which can produce 2-PE by biosynthesis and biotransformation. Thus, the first challenging goal in the development of biotechnological production of 2-PE is searching for highly productive yeast strains. In the present work, 5 laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were tested for the production of 2-PE. Thereafter, 2 of them were hybridized by a mating procedure and, as a result, a new diploid, S. cerevisiae AM1-d, was selected. Within the 72-h batch culture in a medium containing 5 g/L of L-phenylalanine, AM1-d produced 3.83 g/L of 2-PE in a shaking flask. In this way, we managed to select the diploid S. cerevisiae AM1-d strain, showing a 3- and 5-fold increase in 2-PE production in comparison to parental strains. Remarkably, the enhanced production of 2-PE by the hybrid of 2 yeast laboratory strains is demonstrated here for the first time.
{"title":"Mating of 2 Laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Resulted in Enhanced Production of 2-Phenylethanol by Biotransformation of L-Phenylalanine.","authors":"Jolanta Mierzejewska, Aleksandra Tymoszewska, Karolina Chreptowicz, Kamil Krol","doi":"10.1159/000455169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000455169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a rosy scent which is widely used in the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industries. Promising sources of natural 2-PE are microorganisms, especially yeasts, which can produce 2-PE by biosynthesis and biotransformation. Thus, the first challenging goal in the development of biotechnological production of 2-PE is searching for highly productive yeast strains. In the present work, 5 laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were tested for the production of 2-PE. Thereafter, 2 of them were hybridized by a mating procedure and, as a result, a new diploid, S. cerevisiae AM1-d, was selected. Within the 72-h batch culture in a medium containing 5 g/L of L-phenylalanine, AM1-d produced 3.83 g/L of 2-PE in a shaking flask. In this way, we managed to select the diploid S. cerevisiae AM1-d strain, showing a 3- and 5-fold increase in 2-PE production in comparison to parental strains. Remarkably, the enhanced production of 2-PE by the hybrid of 2 yeast laboratory strains is demonstrated here for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 2","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000455169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34759274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-04-28DOI: 10.1159/000467401
Milton H Saier, J T Trevors
different individuals, science is the most powerful tool we have for innovation and discovery, although luck is always helpful [Trevors et al., 2012]! Science tries to remove biases and subjectivity, minimizing the chance of incorrect conclusions. The scientific method starts with an observation or idea, progresses to a question that leads to a hypothesis and predictions, and these are then tested by experimentation and further observation [Silva, 2007]. This may involve using independent researchers and independently replicated experiments to arrive at robust conclusions. Rejection of a hypothesis through experimental investigation often leads to a new or improved postulate, closer to the truth, allowing the investigators to conduct new experiments. Data gaps can be filled, and fragmented knowledge can be better connected and often applied. From the earliest use of the scientific method to the present, this method works with remarkable success if applied correctly. Science, when conducted at the highest level by credible researchers, makes every attempt to get it right, and incorrect conclusions are likely to be examined by numerous other independent investigators, providing incentive for anyone in the scientific community to publish correct data and conclusions the first time around, or suffer the consequences. The data, if correctly obtained and interpreted, leads to reliable conclusions. There will always be data gaps and fragmented knowledge, but the scientific method can be used to fill the gaps, Local, national and international security are all promoted through the application of reliable scientific knowledge. This information can be used to establish and maintain personal and public health, and critical to this last goal, a detailed knowledge of microbiology (e.g., vaccines, proper storage and consumption of food, plant pathology, agricultural production, sewage and water treatment) is essential [Ales and Katial, 2004; Forrest et al., 2014]. While this conclusion is generally accepted worldwide, it may not be recognized that the evolution of a stable and equitable modern democracy also depends on factual information obtainable through science. This editorial deals with these issues. Science is the only systematic method available to us for testing a hypothesis using observation, statistics and experimentation [Stolar, 1980]. Where religion ends, science begins. Oscar Wild said: “Science is the record of dead religions.” What did he mean by this provocative statement? Religious myth represents a proposal, a hypothesis, as to how things are, or were or will be, and science uses the empirical method to test the accuracy of such proposals. Regardless of whether the religious postulate proves to be true or false, that postulate subsequently enters the realm of science; it is no longer a part of the unknown. It is no longer necessary to dogmatically claim truth for an idea that is unsubstantiated [De Cruz, 2017]. When used with a plausible, te
{"title":"Science, Innovation and the Future of Humanity.","authors":"Milton H Saier, J T Trevors","doi":"10.1159/000467401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000467401","url":null,"abstract":"different individuals, science is the most powerful tool we have for innovation and discovery, although luck is always helpful [Trevors et al., 2012]! Science tries to remove biases and subjectivity, minimizing the chance of incorrect conclusions. The scientific method starts with an observation or idea, progresses to a question that leads to a hypothesis and predictions, and these are then tested by experimentation and further observation [Silva, 2007]. This may involve using independent researchers and independently replicated experiments to arrive at robust conclusions. Rejection of a hypothesis through experimental investigation often leads to a new or improved postulate, closer to the truth, allowing the investigators to conduct new experiments. Data gaps can be filled, and fragmented knowledge can be better connected and often applied. From the earliest use of the scientific method to the present, this method works with remarkable success if applied correctly. Science, when conducted at the highest level by credible researchers, makes every attempt to get it right, and incorrect conclusions are likely to be examined by numerous other independent investigators, providing incentive for anyone in the scientific community to publish correct data and conclusions the first time around, or suffer the consequences. The data, if correctly obtained and interpreted, leads to reliable conclusions. There will always be data gaps and fragmented knowledge, but the scientific method can be used to fill the gaps, Local, national and international security are all promoted through the application of reliable scientific knowledge. This information can be used to establish and maintain personal and public health, and critical to this last goal, a detailed knowledge of microbiology (e.g., vaccines, proper storage and consumption of food, plant pathology, agricultural production, sewage and water treatment) is essential [Ales and Katial, 2004; Forrest et al., 2014]. While this conclusion is generally accepted worldwide, it may not be recognized that the evolution of a stable and equitable modern democracy also depends on factual information obtainable through science. This editorial deals with these issues. Science is the only systematic method available to us for testing a hypothesis using observation, statistics and experimentation [Stolar, 1980]. Where religion ends, science begins. Oscar Wild said: “Science is the record of dead religions.” What did he mean by this provocative statement? Religious myth represents a proposal, a hypothesis, as to how things are, or were or will be, and science uses the empirical method to test the accuracy of such proposals. Regardless of whether the religious postulate proves to be true or false, that postulate subsequently enters the realm of science; it is no longer a part of the unknown. It is no longer necessary to dogmatically claim truth for an idea that is unsubstantiated [De Cruz, 2017]. When used with a plausible, te","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 2","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000467401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34947223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-10-21DOI: 10.1159/000481257
Nurulfiza Mat Isa, Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen, Adelene Ai-Lian Song, Raha Abdul Rahim
This study demonstrates that cell wall treatment of Lactococcus lactis harbouring the internal ribosome entry site-incorporated lactococcal bicistronic vector pNZ:VIG mediated the delivery of genes into an eukaryotic cell line, DF1 cells, through bactofection. Bactofection analysis showed that the pNZ:VIG plasmid in L. lactis can be transferred into DF1 cells and that both the VP2 and gfp genes cloned in the plasmid can be transcribed and translated. The protein band relative to the Mr of VP2 protein (49 kDa) was successfully detected via Western blot analysis, while green fluorescence was successfully detected using a fluorescence microscope. The intensity of the bands detected increased for samples treated with both 1.5% (w/v) glycine and 10 μg/mL of lysozyme when compared to L. lactis treated with glycine alone and without treatment. Cell wall treatment of L. lactis with a combination of both glycine and lysozyme was not only shown to mediate plasmid transfer to DF1 cells, but also to increase the plasmid transfer efficiency.
{"title":"Cell Wall-Treated Lactococcus lactis Increases the Plasmid Transfer Efficiency of Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Incorporated Lactococcal Bicistronic Vector into DF1 Cells.","authors":"Nurulfiza Mat Isa, Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen, Adelene Ai-Lian Song, Raha Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.1159/000481257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000481257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study demonstrates that cell wall treatment of Lactococcus lactis harbouring the internal ribosome entry site-incorporated lactococcal bicistronic vector pNZ:VIG mediated the delivery of genes into an eukaryotic cell line, DF1 cells, through bactofection. Bactofection analysis showed that the pNZ:VIG plasmid in L. lactis can be transferred into DF1 cells and that both the VP2 and gfp genes cloned in the plasmid can be transcribed and translated. The protein band relative to the Mr of VP2 protein (49 kDa) was successfully detected via Western blot analysis, while green fluorescence was successfully detected using a fluorescence microscope. The intensity of the bands detected increased for samples treated with both 1.5% (w/v) glycine and 10 μg/mL of lysozyme when compared to L. lactis treated with glycine alone and without treatment. Cell wall treatment of L. lactis with a combination of both glycine and lysozyme was not only shown to mediate plasmid transfer to DF1 cells, but also to increase the plasmid transfer efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":16370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"27 4","pages":"246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000481257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35531333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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