Abdolrazagh Barzegar, M. Ghadipasha, N. Rezaei, M. Forouzesh, R. Valizadeh
{"title":"New hope for treatment of respiratory involvement following COVID-19 by bromhexine","authors":"Abdolrazagh Barzegar, M. Ghadipasha, N. Rezaei, M. Forouzesh, R. Valizadeh","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47908138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shadi Botshekan, Leila Mahmoodnia, A. Momeni, T. Jafari, A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, Mohammadsaleh Ghafari Goosheh
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease) is a complication of diabetes that begins and progresses with several factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Objective: This study demonstrates the effect of sevelamer carbonate administration on hemoglobin A1c levels, blood sugar and inflammatory factors in diabetic nephropathy patients. Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 48 diabetic patients under treatment of least one drug who have proteinuria (urinary protein to creatinine ratio greater than 0.5) ≥ 2 times during the past 18 months, received sevelamer carbonate or placebo for two months. Patients’ blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: According to the results, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed no significant difference between the study groups before and after the intervention (P>0.05). The mean ICAM-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule1) showed no significant difference between the study groups before the intervention (P>0.05). However we found a meaningful difference after the intervention, which was significantly lower in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sevelamer carbonate administration in patients with diabetic nephropathy has a significant effect on decreasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. Trial registration: The trial protocol was approved in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (identifier: IRCT20191111045401N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/43662, ethical code; IR.SKUMS. REC.1397.181).
{"title":"The effects of sevelamer carbonate on blood glucose and inflammatory factors in patients with diabetic kidney disease; a controlled clinical trial","authors":"Shadi Botshekan, Leila Mahmoodnia, A. Momeni, T. Jafari, A. Hasanpour Dehkordi, Mohammadsaleh Ghafari Goosheh","doi":"10.34172/NPJ.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/NPJ.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease) is a complication of diabetes that begins and progresses with several factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Objective: This study demonstrates the effect of sevelamer carbonate administration on hemoglobin A1c levels, blood sugar and inflammatory factors in diabetic nephropathy patients. Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 48 diabetic patients under treatment of least one drug who have proteinuria (urinary protein to creatinine ratio greater than 0.5) ≥ 2 times during the past 18 months, received sevelamer carbonate or placebo for two months. Patients’ blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: According to the results, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed no significant difference between the study groups before and after the intervention (P>0.05). The mean ICAM-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule1) showed no significant difference between the study groups before the intervention (P>0.05). However we found a meaningful difference after the intervention, which was significantly lower in the intervention group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sevelamer carbonate administration in patients with diabetic nephropathy has a significant effect on decreasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. Trial registration: The trial protocol was approved in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (identifier: IRCT20191111045401N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/43662, ethical code; IR.SKUMS. REC.1397.181).","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iman Izadi, Rahil Riahi Samani, Afsaneh Malekpour Tehrani, Marziyeh Dehghani, A. Jafari
Introduction: There is a high risk of diabetes mellitus in pre-diabetic patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the extracts of these herbs in the formulation of Glucoherb supplementation versus metformin in pre-diabetes patients on glycemic markers and glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients and Methods: Pre-diabetic patients who had indication of drug treatment according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of Glucoherb and metformin. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (BS2PP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The mean BMI, FBS, BS2PP and HbA1c levels were significantly decreased after intervention in both Glucoherb and metformin groups (P < 0.05) without any significant difference between them (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Glucoherb showed similar efficacy to metformin in reducing blood glucose, BMI and HbA1c in pre-diabetic patients.
{"title":"Glucoherb versus metformin on glycemic markers and glycosylated hemoglobin in prediabetes patients; a clinical trial study","authors":"Iman Izadi, Rahil Riahi Samani, Afsaneh Malekpour Tehrani, Marziyeh Dehghani, A. Jafari","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a high risk of diabetes mellitus in pre-diabetic patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the extracts of these herbs in the formulation of Glucoherb supplementation versus metformin in pre-diabetes patients on glycemic markers and glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients and Methods: Pre-diabetic patients who had indication of drug treatment according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of Glucoherb and metformin. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (BS2PP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The mean BMI, FBS, BS2PP and HbA1c levels were significantly decreased after intervention in both Glucoherb and metformin groups (P < 0.05) without any significant difference between them (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Glucoherb showed similar efficacy to metformin in reducing blood glucose, BMI and HbA1c in pre-diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42849988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azadeh Moradkhani, H. Samimagham, Mohammad Tamaddondar, Hossein Farshidi, M. Khayatian, Sanaz Soleimani
Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a known complication of cardiac interventions. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-pharmacological method which has a nephroprotective effect. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a suitable biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CI-AKI after RIPC in patients undergoing coronary angiography, through assessment of CysC. Patients and Methods: Around 140 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing angiography were randomly allocated to two groups of RIPC and control groups. In each group, the following biomarkers were assessed: serum creatinine (Cr) and CysC at baseline, 24-hour and 48-hour serum Cr and 24-hour CysC. The endpoint was the development of AKI based on either the KDIGO criteria or a 15% increase in serum CysC. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the incidence of AKI according to either KIDIGO criteria or by the increase of serum CysC (P =0.116 and P =0.392, respectively). Moreover, a 46.99% increase in CysC level was observed among patients with AKI during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while at the same interval, it increased only 16.01% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: RIPC with three cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease serum CysC based CI-AKI or alter renal biomarkers course in patients with low risk, who underwent coronary angiography.
{"title":"The efficiency of remote ischemic preconditioning on serum cystatin C-based acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography; a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Azadeh Moradkhani, H. Samimagham, Mohammad Tamaddondar, Hossein Farshidi, M. Khayatian, Sanaz Soleimani","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a known complication of cardiac interventions. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-pharmacological method which has a nephroprotective effect. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a suitable biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CI-AKI after RIPC in patients undergoing coronary angiography, through assessment of CysC. Patients and Methods: Around 140 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing angiography were randomly allocated to two groups of RIPC and control groups. In each group, the following biomarkers were assessed: serum creatinine (Cr) and CysC at baseline, 24-hour and 48-hour serum Cr and 24-hour CysC. The endpoint was the development of AKI based on either the KDIGO criteria or a 15% increase in serum CysC. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the incidence of AKI according to either KIDIGO criteria or by the increase of serum CysC (P =0.116 and P =0.392, respectively). Moreover, a 46.99% increase in CysC level was observed among patients with AKI during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while at the same interval, it increased only 16.01% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: RIPC with three cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease serum CysC based CI-AKI or alter renal biomarkers course in patients with low risk, who underwent coronary angiography.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Akhavan Sepahi, B. Lakkakula, B. Roshan, Banafsheh Yalameha
{"title":"Glomerulonephritis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"M. Akhavan Sepahi, B. Lakkakula, B. Roshan, Banafsheh Yalameha","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Keikhaei, Neda Farmani-Anooshe, M. Bahadoram, M. Mahmoudian-sani, K. Alikhani, A. Helalinasab
Thalassemic syndromes are the most common genetic diseases in the world that are related to blood transfusion and iron overload in the body. In s-thalassemia major multiple blood transfusions due to ineffective erythropoiesis lead to iron excess in the body. Iron chelating agent deferoxamine is used to treat chronic iron overload in patients with β-thalassemia in an attempt to reduce morbidity and mortality related to deposition of excess iron in body tissue. However, a very short half-time, the need of repetitive injections and non-specialized distribution in tissues can lead to side effects, such as ophthalmic and renal complications, neurological, skeletal changes and hearing loss, headaches, and infection too. Patients should be monitored periodically for complications. The risk of toxic effects in doses of more than 50 mg/kg/d is higher. Keeping deferoxamine therapeutic index can avoid drug overdose and side effects.
{"title":"An overview of complications associated with deferoxamine therapy in thalassemia","authors":"B. Keikhaei, Neda Farmani-Anooshe, M. Bahadoram, M. Mahmoudian-sani, K. Alikhani, A. Helalinasab","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Thalassemic syndromes are the most common genetic diseases in the world that are related to blood transfusion and iron overload in the body. In s-thalassemia major multiple blood transfusions due to ineffective erythropoiesis lead to iron excess in the body. Iron chelating agent deferoxamine is used to treat chronic iron overload in patients with β-thalassemia in an attempt to reduce morbidity and mortality related to deposition of excess iron in body tissue. However, a very short half-time, the need of repetitive injections and non-specialized distribution in tissues can lead to side effects, such as ophthalmic and renal complications, neurological, skeletal changes and hearing loss, headaches, and infection too. Patients should be monitored periodically for complications. The risk of toxic effects in doses of more than 50 mg/kg/d is higher. Keeping deferoxamine therapeutic index can avoid drug overdose and side effects.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41864825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Serum creatinine level is currently being used as an indicator to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery, which is delayed and unreliable. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the AKI in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery by measurement of urinary creatinine and plasma kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 patients undergoing CABG were divided based on their serum creatinine level of the fourth day after procedure into two groups of AKI (an increase of creatinine more than 0.3 mg/dl or more than 150 % of its baseline level) and non-AKI. In both groups urinary KIM-1 and urinary NGAL were measured on the first day of surgery (first 24 h). Results: No significant difference was observed in baseline creatinine between the two groups (P>0.05). However postoperative serum creatinine, creatinine changes, urinary NGAL and KIM1 showed significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). Serum creatinine was positively correlated with KIM-1 (r = 0.666, P<0.001) and NGAL (r = 0.660, P<0.001). KIM-1 and NGAL had high ability to detect AKI [area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of 0.929 and 0.838, respectively]. The NGAL at cut-off point of 97.4 had 86% sensitivity and 80% specificity and KIM-1 at cut-off point of 14.8 had 84% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Conclusion: KIM-1 and NGAL had high ability to detect AKI. However, KIM-1 had higher detection ability than that of NGAL.
{"title":"Comparison of urinary KIM-1 and NGAL and plasma creatinine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","authors":"Maryam Saeedi Ghaheh, Saeed Mardani, A. Malekpour, Farzaneh Kadkhodaei Elyaderani, Fatemeh Salehi Choliche, Nayereh Mortazavi, Shadi Botshekan","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Serum creatinine level is currently being used as an indicator to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery, which is delayed and unreliable. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the AKI in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery by measurement of urinary creatinine and plasma kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 patients undergoing CABG were divided based on their serum creatinine level of the fourth day after procedure into two groups of AKI (an increase of creatinine more than 0.3 mg/dl or more than 150 % of its baseline level) and non-AKI. In both groups urinary KIM-1 and urinary NGAL were measured on the first day of surgery (first 24 h). Results: No significant difference was observed in baseline creatinine between the two groups (P>0.05). However postoperative serum creatinine, creatinine changes, urinary NGAL and KIM1 showed significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). Serum creatinine was positively correlated with KIM-1 (r = 0.666, P<0.001) and NGAL (r = 0.660, P<0.001). KIM-1 and NGAL had high ability to detect AKI [area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of 0.929 and 0.838, respectively]. The NGAL at cut-off point of 97.4 had 86% sensitivity and 80% specificity and KIM-1 at cut-off point of 14.8 had 84% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Conclusion: KIM-1 and NGAL had high ability to detect AKI. However, KIM-1 had higher detection ability than that of NGAL.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42723519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoumeh Asgharpour, Audrey Tolouian, L. Bhaskar, R. Tolouian, Nilofar Massoudi
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is a pathological condition due to transient restriction of blood flow to the kidneys, which is followed by the subsequent recovery of perfusion and re-oxygenation. RIR injury contributes to the progression of renal dysfunction including acute kidney injury (AKI) in native and renal allograft transplant. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress contributes to the occurrence of RIR. Hence, the use of antioxidant compounds can improve oxidative stress due to RIR. This review highlights herbal antioxidant efficacy against RIR injury. The findings of this study indicate that antioxidant compounds with herbal origin could reduce complications due to oxidative stress related to RIR through diminishing lipid peroxidation, decreased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzymes activity. Reducing oxidative stress with the pharmacological approach of antioxidants can be a desirable target for ameliorating RIR.
{"title":"Herbal antioxidants and renal ischemic-reperfusion injury; an updated review","authors":"Masoumeh Asgharpour, Audrey Tolouian, L. Bhaskar, R. Tolouian, Nilofar Massoudi","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is a pathological condition due to transient restriction of blood flow to the kidneys, which is followed by the subsequent recovery of perfusion and re-oxygenation. RIR injury contributes to the progression of renal dysfunction including acute kidney injury (AKI) in native and renal allograft transplant. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress contributes to the occurrence of RIR. Hence, the use of antioxidant compounds can improve oxidative stress due to RIR. This review highlights herbal antioxidant efficacy against RIR injury. The findings of this study indicate that antioxidant compounds with herbal origin could reduce complications due to oxidative stress related to RIR through diminishing lipid peroxidation, decreased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzymes activity. Reducing oxidative stress with the pharmacological approach of antioxidants can be a desirable target for ameliorating RIR.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45870033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohollah Masumi, R. Tolouian, Audrey Tolouian, Leila Mohmoodnia
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bone disease and mortality are more common in patients with CKD. In addition of antidiabetic properties of metformin (MET), it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic properties and increases the markers of osteogenic effects. Therefore, it improves bone quality and decreases the risk of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin can also inhibit arterial calcification, maintain calcium-phosphorus balance, decrease cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and inflammation in kidney. Based on evidence, the prevalence of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and renal dysfunction is lower compared to other oral antidiabetic agents. Metformin decreases all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The administration of metformin showed no difference in the prevalence of lactic acidosis in patients with T2D who had normal, mild, moderate, or severe renal dysfunction. Therefore, metformin can be used in patients with significant CKD to inhibit CKD-MBD due to its osteogenic effects.
{"title":"The impact of metformin in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder","authors":"Rohollah Masumi, R. Tolouian, Audrey Tolouian, Leila Mohmoodnia","doi":"10.34172/npj.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bone disease and mortality are more common in patients with CKD. In addition of antidiabetic properties of metformin (MET), it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic properties and increases the markers of osteogenic effects. Therefore, it improves bone quality and decreases the risk of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin can also inhibit arterial calcification, maintain calcium-phosphorus balance, decrease cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and inflammation in kidney. Based on evidence, the prevalence of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and renal dysfunction is lower compared to other oral antidiabetic agents. Metformin decreases all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The administration of metformin showed no difference in the prevalence of lactic acidosis in patients with T2D who had normal, mild, moderate, or severe renal dysfunction. Therefore, metformin can be used in patients with significant CKD to inhibit CKD-MBD due to its osteogenic effects.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47267975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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