A. Hajigholami, Hourieh Ansari, S. Ansari, S. Hassanzadeh
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest infectious crisis in the present century. It has been reported that COVID-19 infection may trigger autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report a 68-year-old male that was diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) following COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of COVID-19-associated TTP. More attention is required regarding the possibility of developing TTP in COVID-19 patients, especially with the presence of decreased consciousness and low levels of hemoglobin and platelet.
{"title":"COVID-19-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); a case report","authors":"A. Hajigholami, Hourieh Ansari, S. Ansari, S. Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.10454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.10454","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest infectious crisis in the present century. It has been reported that COVID-19 infection may trigger autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report a 68-year-old male that was diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) following COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of COVID-19-associated TTP. More attention is required regarding the possibility of developing TTP in COVID-19 patients, especially with the presence of decreased consciousness and low levels of hemoglobin and platelet.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Catheter infection is due to gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Gram-positive bacteria are the most prevalent cause of catheter infection, although gram-negative bacteria seem to have escalated in recent years, which may have numerous risk factors. In this report, we intended to study these risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for catheter-related infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in hemodialysis patients, to prevent catheter-related infections, which are unfortunately abundant. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on128 hemodialysis patients known cases Hasheminejad hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Patients were assigned into two groups as the case group (catheter-related infection caused by gram-negative bacteria) (n=64) and the control group (catheter-related infection caused by gram-positive bacteria) (n=64). Risk factors for catheter-related infection, including hemoglobin, phosphorus, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), catheter insertion site, urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary tract manipulation, and urinary tract anomalies were obtained and analyzed via SPSS version 26. Results: Two groups were significantly different in serum albumin level (3.7±0.5 g/dL in gram-negative group and 3.9 ± 0.5 g/dL in gram-positive group; P=0.009) and in UTI (23.4 % in gram-negative group and 7.8 % in gram-positive group; P=0.015). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in serum ferritin, phosphorus, ESR, CRP, TIBC, duration, and site of catheter insertion. Regression analysis shows that, for every unit increase in albumin, the chance of developing a gram-negative catheter infection is 0.356, or about one-third. In other words, with decreasing each unit of albumin, the chance of a gram-negative catheter infection is 2.8 times (reverse 0.356). Conclusion: Serum albumin levels were significantly low in gram-negative group. Moreover, UTIs were significantly higher in this group. It is also important to consider hypoalbuminemia and UTI as risk factors for catheter infection with gram-negative bacteria.
{"title":"Evaluation of risk factors for catheter-related infections with gram-negative bacteria in Tehran, Iran","authors":"T. Malakoutian, Mehdi Zahmatkesh, A. Kabir","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Catheter infection is due to gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Gram-positive bacteria are the most prevalent cause of catheter infection, although gram-negative bacteria seem to have escalated in recent years, which may have numerous risk factors. In this report, we intended to study these risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for catheter-related infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in hemodialysis patients, to prevent catheter-related infections, which are unfortunately abundant. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on128 hemodialysis patients known cases Hasheminejad hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Patients were assigned into two groups as the case group (catheter-related infection caused by gram-negative bacteria) (n=64) and the control group (catheter-related infection caused by gram-positive bacteria) (n=64). Risk factors for catheter-related infection, including hemoglobin, phosphorus, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), catheter insertion site, urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary tract manipulation, and urinary tract anomalies were obtained and analyzed via SPSS version 26. Results: Two groups were significantly different in serum albumin level (3.7±0.5 g/dL in gram-negative group and 3.9 ± 0.5 g/dL in gram-positive group; P=0.009) and in UTI (23.4 % in gram-negative group and 7.8 % in gram-positive group; P=0.015). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in serum ferritin, phosphorus, ESR, CRP, TIBC, duration, and site of catheter insertion. Regression analysis shows that, for every unit increase in albumin, the chance of developing a gram-negative catheter infection is 0.356, or about one-third. In other words, with decreasing each unit of albumin, the chance of a gram-negative catheter infection is 2.8 times (reverse 0.356). Conclusion: Serum albumin levels were significantly low in gram-negative group. Moreover, UTIs were significantly higher in this group. It is also important to consider hypoalbuminemia and UTI as risk factors for catheter infection with gram-negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45790689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ahmadi, M. Mashoufi, S. Barzegari, S. Mohammadi Kebar, S. Hoseininia, B. Hassanlouei, Hassan Setayeshi Nesaz, Reza Barzegari
Introduction: Hemodialysis patients should receive hemodialysis three times per week and 140- 160 times annually. The financial and temporal costs of continuing travel to hemodialysis centers affect the type of vascular access, treatment coherence, geographical distribution and mortality of patients. Objectives: In this study, the spatial distribution and geographical accessibility of patients to the hemodialysis center and its effect on mortality and vascular access have been investigated. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 315 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in Bou-Ali hospital of Ardabil. Accessibility to the hemodialysis center was determined by calculating the time spent from the residence to the treatment center and analyzed by ArcGIS-10. In this study, accessibility was considered in less than 10 minutes. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between spatial accessibility and mortality and vascular access. To verify the correlation between different variables, Pearson’s correlation, Phi and Cramer’s V, and Eta tests were applied. Results: Among 315 patients, 161 patients (51.1%) were male and 277 (87.9%) patients were married. The mean age of patients was 62.7 ± 16.6 years. There were 170 illiterate patients (54%), 275 patients living in urban area (87.3%) and 132 patients as housewife (41.9%). Hospital records, showed 186 patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) (59%), 113 patients with central venous catheter (35.9%), since in 16 patients type of vascular access (5.1%) was not mentioned. Twenty patients (6.3%) died due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), of which 11 were female. Additionally, eight patients (2.5%) were forced to migrate to nearby areas due to inappropriate accessibility to the hemodialysis services. The results showed a negative correlation between proximity to hemodialysis center and the prevalence of hemodialysis in women and men and the number of population in each time period. The spatial accessibility to the hemodialysis center did not correlate with the patient’s mortality and type of vascular access. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of hemodialysis patients in the vicinity of the hemodialysis center, there is a concern that ESRD patients in rural or remote areas are not properly diagnosed or died without referral to health centers. It can be declared that one of the main reasons for the low-prevalence in remote areas is the issue of spatial accessibility. The results of this study indicated the need for further studies on the prevalence and identification of ESRD in rural areas and the causes of the disease, in order to clarify the issue’s dimensions.
血液透析患者应每周透析3次，每年透析140- 160次。持续前往血液透析中心的经济和时间成本影响血管通路的类型、治疗一致性、地理分布和患者的死亡率。目的:研究血透中心患者的空间分布、地理可达性及其对死亡率和血管可达性的影响。患者和方法:本描述性分析研究对315例在阿达比尔市boui - ali医院接受血液透析治疗的慢性肾衰竭患者进行了分析。通过计算从住所到治疗中心所花费的时间来确定血液透析中心的可达性，并通过ArcGIS-10进行分析。在这项研究中，可达性在不到10分钟的时间内被考虑。Logistic回归分析了空间可达性与死亡率和血管可达性之间的关系。为了验证不同变量之间的相关性，我们采用Pearson’s correlation、Phi and Cramer’s V和Eta检验。结果:315例患者中，男性161例(51.1%)，已婚277例(87.9%)。患者平均年龄62.7±16.6岁。其中文盲170例(54%)，城区275例(87.3%)，家庭主妇132例(41.9%)。医院记录显示，186例患者有动静脉瘘(AVF)(59%)， 113例患者有中心静脉导管(35.9%)，其中16例患者未提及血管通路类型(5.1%)。20例(6.3%)患者死于终末期肾病(ESRD)，其中11例为女性。此外，由于无法获得血液透析服务，8名患者(2.5%)被迫迁移到附近地区。结果显示，各时间段血液透析中心距离与男女血液透析患病率及人口数量呈负相关。血液透析中心的空间可达性与患者死亡率和血管通道类型无关。结论:由于血液透析中心附近地区血液透析患者的高发率，存在农村或偏远地区ESRD患者未得到正确诊断或未转诊到卫生中心就死亡的问题。可以说，空间可达性问题是导致偏远地区患病率低的主要原因之一。这项研究的结果表明，需要进一步研究农村地区ESRD的流行情况和确定情况及其原因，以便澄清问题的各个方面。
{"title":"Geographical accessibility to the hemodialysis centers in Ardabil, Iran","authors":"M. Ahmadi, M. Mashoufi, S. Barzegari, S. Mohammadi Kebar, S. Hoseininia, B. Hassanlouei, Hassan Setayeshi Nesaz, Reza Barzegari","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hemodialysis patients should receive hemodialysis three times per week and 140- 160 times annually. The financial and temporal costs of continuing travel to hemodialysis centers affect the type of vascular access, treatment coherence, geographical distribution and mortality of patients. Objectives: In this study, the spatial distribution and geographical accessibility of patients to the hemodialysis center and its effect on mortality and vascular access have been investigated. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 315 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in Bou-Ali hospital of Ardabil. Accessibility to the hemodialysis center was determined by calculating the time spent from the residence to the treatment center and analyzed by ArcGIS-10. In this study, accessibility was considered in less than 10 minutes. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between spatial accessibility and mortality and vascular access. To verify the correlation between different variables, Pearson’s correlation, Phi and Cramer’s V, and Eta tests were applied. Results: Among 315 patients, 161 patients (51.1%) were male and 277 (87.9%) patients were married. The mean age of patients was 62.7 ± 16.6 years. There were 170 illiterate patients (54%), 275 patients living in urban area (87.3%) and 132 patients as housewife (41.9%). Hospital records, showed 186 patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) (59%), 113 patients with central venous catheter (35.9%), since in 16 patients type of vascular access (5.1%) was not mentioned. Twenty patients (6.3%) died due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), of which 11 were female. Additionally, eight patients (2.5%) were forced to migrate to nearby areas due to inappropriate accessibility to the hemodialysis services. The results showed a negative correlation between proximity to hemodialysis center and the prevalence of hemodialysis in women and men and the number of population in each time period. The spatial accessibility to the hemodialysis center did not correlate with the patient’s mortality and type of vascular access. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of hemodialysis patients in the vicinity of the hemodialysis center, there is a concern that ESRD patients in rural or remote areas are not properly diagnosed or died without referral to health centers. It can be declared that one of the main reasons for the low-prevalence in remote areas is the issue of spatial accessibility. The results of this study indicated the need for further studies on the prevalence and identification of ESRD in rural areas and the causes of the disease, in order to clarify the issue’s dimensions.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic illness associated with acute and chronic hemolytic anemia, recurrent vaso-occlusion episodes, intense pain, progressive multiple organ damage, and early mortality. Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCA. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in worsening the degree of kidney damage in SCA patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess whether IL1RN VNTR polymorphism is associated with kidney damage in patients with SCA. Patients and Methods: We have investigated 190 SCA patients (104 with Normal kidney function and 86 with kidney damage). Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated to assess kidney function. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes were analyzed using PCR-electrophoresis. The association between IL1RN-VNTR and kidney damage was evaluated by using χ2 test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. The relationship between kidney damage and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and their interaction with IL1RN-VNTR genotypes, was investigated using a Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) stratified analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between SCA patients with or without kidney damage (P=0.107). Furthermore, no significant interactions between IL1RN VNTR and HbF on determining kidney damage were found. Conclusion: These results conflict with the biological plausibility that interleukin levels modulate SCA pathophysiology and may deserve further exploration.
{"title":"IL1RN VNTR Polymorphism and kidney damage in sickle cell anemia patients","authors":"B. Lakkakula, S. Pattnaik","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.10437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.10437","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic illness associated with acute and chronic hemolytic anemia, recurrent vaso-occlusion episodes, intense pain, progressive multiple organ damage, and early mortality. Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCA. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in worsening the degree of kidney damage in SCA patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess whether IL1RN VNTR polymorphism is associated with kidney damage in patients with SCA. Patients and Methods: We have investigated 190 SCA patients (104 with Normal kidney function and 86 with kidney damage). Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated to assess kidney function. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes were analyzed using PCR-electrophoresis. The association between IL1RN-VNTR and kidney damage was evaluated by using χ2 test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. The relationship between kidney damage and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and their interaction with IL1RN-VNTR genotypes, was investigated using a Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) stratified analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between SCA patients with or without kidney damage (P=0.107). Furthermore, no significant interactions between IL1RN VNTR and HbF on determining kidney damage were found. Conclusion: These results conflict with the biological plausibility that interleukin levels modulate SCA pathophysiology and may deserve further exploration.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghanta, S. Nayaka, Poojith Nuthalapati, Afzal Khan Afzal Khan, Panchanathan Elango, B. Lakkakula
Introduction: Caspase 3, an apoptosis executioner, inhibition may be beneficial for diabetes, nephropathies, neurodegenerative disease treatments and in areas of regenerative medicine. Since early traditional medicine, plant extracts comprised the major treatments of many ailments. Phytoconstituents have been a prime source for therapeutics, which are abundantly available resources. Therefore, with the interest to identify potential anti-apoptotic agents in plant extracts, D-galacturonic acid (DGA) was selected for screening anti-caspase 3 activity as it is the major constituent in Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and many other fruits’ pectin composition. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate activity of major phytoconstituent of M. charantia extract, DGA against caspase 3. Materials and Methods: The chemical structure of the ligand was from obtained PubChem database, and the protein structure was procured from PDB database. Molecular docking study was performed using AutoDock version 4.2. Results: This study states the interactions of DGA with GLU’124, LYS’137 and ARG’164 amino acids of caspase 3, where GLU’124, LYS’137 amino acid interactions are important for stability of caspase 3 enzyme. Conclusion: The interactions between DGA and caspase 3 revealed in this study may be helpful in characterizing the medicinal property of this phytoconstituent in the bitter melon extract by future studies.
{"title":"Molecular docking study of Momordica charantia Linn phytoconstituent with caspase 3 and implications for renoprotective actions in diabetes mellitus","authors":"M. Ghanta, S. Nayaka, Poojith Nuthalapati, Afzal Khan Afzal Khan, Panchanathan Elango, B. Lakkakula","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.10394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.10394","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Caspase 3, an apoptosis executioner, inhibition may be beneficial for diabetes, nephropathies, neurodegenerative disease treatments and in areas of regenerative medicine. Since early traditional medicine, plant extracts comprised the major treatments of many ailments. Phytoconstituents have been a prime source for therapeutics, which are abundantly available resources. Therefore, with the interest to identify potential anti-apoptotic agents in plant extracts, D-galacturonic acid (DGA) was selected for screening anti-caspase 3 activity as it is the major constituent in Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and many other fruits’ pectin composition. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate activity of major phytoconstituent of M. charantia extract, DGA against caspase 3. Materials and Methods: The chemical structure of the ligand was from obtained PubChem database, and the protein structure was procured from PDB database. Molecular docking study was performed using AutoDock version 4.2. Results: This study states the interactions of DGA with GLU’124, LYS’137 and ARG’164 amino acids of caspase 3, where GLU’124, LYS’137 amino acid interactions are important for stability of caspase 3 enzyme. Conclusion: The interactions between DGA and caspase 3 revealed in this study may be helpful in characterizing the medicinal property of this phytoconstituent in the bitter melon extract by future studies.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48044102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirinsadat Badri, Lillian Siberian, R. Soltani, A. Moghaddas, Sara Ataei, M. Momenzadeh
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a special mitogen for vascular endothelial cells, an essential endogenous angiogenic cytokine, and the principal controller of vascular growth that plays a fundamental role in therapeutic angiogenesis pathways. VEGF-targeted therapy is categorized into the group of angiogenesis inhibitors that inhibit the expression or the activity of VEGF. It comprises counteracting VEGF antibodies, VEGF receptors, VEGF-trap, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) with selectivity for VEGF receptors. The kidney is both a target and a source of VEGF. VEGF may be a vital mediator to restore some types of renal diseases (e.g., non-diabetic renal diseases) and harmful in some other diseases (e.g., diabetes and diabetes complications). Due to their ability to prevent angiogenesis, VEGF inhibitors have been found as a powerful tool to treat angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer and diabetic retinopathy. VEGF preserves the renal structure and function in normal physiologic conditions. Therefore, all treatments that inhibit the VEGF pathway may lead to renal disorders, especially renovascular diseases such as hypertension, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). In the present study, we reviewed some related reports and associated mechanisms, especially for hypertension and proteinuria.
{"title":"Nephrotoxicity induced by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors","authors":"Shirinsadat Badri, Lillian Siberian, R. Soltani, A. Moghaddas, Sara Ataei, M. Momenzadeh","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a special mitogen for vascular endothelial cells, an essential endogenous angiogenic cytokine, and the principal controller of vascular growth that plays a fundamental role in therapeutic angiogenesis pathways. VEGF-targeted therapy is categorized into the group of angiogenesis inhibitors that inhibit the expression or the activity of VEGF. It comprises counteracting VEGF antibodies, VEGF receptors, VEGF-trap, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) with selectivity for VEGF receptors. The kidney is both a target and a source of VEGF. VEGF may be a vital mediator to restore some types of renal diseases (e.g., non-diabetic renal diseases) and harmful in some other diseases (e.g., diabetes and diabetes complications). Due to their ability to prevent angiogenesis, VEGF inhibitors have been found as a powerful tool to treat angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer and diabetic retinopathy. VEGF preserves the renal structure and function in normal physiologic conditions. Therefore, all treatments that inhibit the VEGF pathway may lead to renal disorders, especially renovascular diseases such as hypertension, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). In the present study, we reviewed some related reports and associated mechanisms, especially for hypertension and proteinuria.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kharazmi, Hajaralsadat Hosseini Dastgerdi, Shadan Saberi, M. Maleki, N. Soltani, M. Nematbakhsh
Sex hormones affect the developmental process and play important roles in the kidney’s structure and functions. Clinical and experimental results have indicated that kidney functions are different between the genders, and they may be associated with the sex hormones, which regulate the expression and action of transporters in the nephron. In the current short review, the data banks including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were reviewed to achieve the published related articles regarding the role of gender and diabetes mellitus in glucose transport in renal system.
{"title":"Glucose transporters in kidney; the role of gender and diabetes mellitus","authors":"F. Kharazmi, Hajaralsadat Hosseini Dastgerdi, Shadan Saberi, M. Maleki, N. Soltani, M. Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"Sex hormones affect the developmental process and play important roles in the kidney’s structure and functions. Clinical and experimental results have indicated that kidney functions are different between the genders, and they may be associated with the sex hormones, which regulate the expression and action of transporters in the nephron. In the current short review, the data banks including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were reviewed to achieve the published related articles regarding the role of gender and diabetes mellitus in glucose transport in renal system.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hassanzadeh, M. Mubarak, M. Akhavan Sepahi, H. Nasri
{"title":"Exacerbation of an undiagnosed pre-existing lupus nephritis following an inactivated COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"S. Hassanzadeh, M. Mubarak, M. Akhavan Sepahi, H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sabzghabaei, Afsaneh Sedighi, Raziyeh Shahi, V. Mahmoodi, J. Khamseh, N. Rahimian
Introduction: Tenofovir is a common therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder in HIV patients under tenofovir therapy. Patients and Methods: In this study, 160 HIV patients under tenofovir therapy were enrolled and the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder was determined and compared. Results: We found, the proximal tubule involvement in 25%, 6.8%, 2.2% and 0% in first year, 2–5 years , 6–10 years and 11–18 years of disease involvement respectively, (P = 0.02). The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) diminution was 2.15%, 10.53%, 12.6% and 17.79%, in the first, 2–5, 6–10, and 11–18 years, respectively, again showing a significant difference between years (P = 0.02). Proteinuria was seen in 13.1% of patients. Conclusion: We concluded that GFR diminution and proximal tubule involvement are common and important to be managed in HIV-positive patients under tenofovir therapy, and discontinuation of drug has no positive effect on GFR.
{"title":"Prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder in human immunodeficiency virus patients under tenofovir therapy","authors":"F. Sabzghabaei, Afsaneh Sedighi, Raziyeh Shahi, V. Mahmoodi, J. Khamseh, N. Rahimian","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Tenofovir is a common therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder in HIV patients under tenofovir therapy. Patients and Methods: In this study, 160 HIV patients under tenofovir therapy were enrolled and the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder was determined and compared. Results: We found, the proximal tubule involvement in 25%, 6.8%, 2.2% and 0% in first year, 2–5 years , 6–10 years and 11–18 years of disease involvement respectively, (P = 0.02). The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) diminution was 2.15%, 10.53%, 12.6% and 17.79%, in the first, 2–5, 6–10, and 11–18 years, respectively, again showing a significant difference between years (P = 0.02). Proteinuria was seen in 13.1% of patients. Conclusion: We concluded that GFR diminution and proximal tubule involvement are common and important to be managed in HIV-positive patients under tenofovir therapy, and discontinuation of drug has no positive effect on GFR.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49611300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hassanzadeh, A. Djamali, Leila Mostafavi, A. Pezeshgi
Objective: To review the reported cases of kidney injury following vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on renal pathology. Methods: We searched for case reports of kidney complications after COVID-19 vaccine in PubMed. Results: A total of 36 articles including 49 case reports were reported. These included minimal change disease (n=17), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n=15), IgA nephritis/vasculitis (n=5), ANCA glomerulonephritis/vasculitis (n=5), anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis (n=2), and 1 case of each granulomatous vasculitis, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, scleroderma renal crisis, IgG4-related disease nephritis, and primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Conclusion: We give an overview of the reported cases of post-COVID-19 renal complications. Further investigations of the underlying pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 vaccination renal adverse events are required, as prompt workup, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with renal complications may lead to complete remission, prevent kidney failure, and long-term complications such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, these complications are overall extremely rare and the benefit of vaccination outweighs the potential risks.
{"title":"Kidney complications following COVID-19 vaccination; a review of the literature","authors":"S. Hassanzadeh, A. Djamali, Leila Mostafavi, A. Pezeshgi","doi":"10.34172/npj.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective: To review the reported cases of kidney injury following vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on renal pathology. Methods: We searched for case reports of kidney complications after COVID-19 vaccine in PubMed. Results: A total of 36 articles including 49 case reports were reported. These included minimal change disease (n=17), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n=15), IgA nephritis/vasculitis (n=5), ANCA glomerulonephritis/vasculitis (n=5), anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis (n=2), and 1 case of each granulomatous vasculitis, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, scleroderma renal crisis, IgG4-related disease nephritis, and primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Conclusion: We give an overview of the reported cases of post-COVID-19 renal complications. Further investigations of the underlying pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 vaccination renal adverse events are required, as prompt workup, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with renal complications may lead to complete remission, prevent kidney failure, and long-term complications such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, these complications are overall extremely rare and the benefit of vaccination outweighs the potential risks.","PeriodicalId":16388,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nephropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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