Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery最新文献

Background: The safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes associated with infective endocarditis (IE) compared with medical management (MM) is unclear.

Methods: In this nationwide analysis of hospitalizations in the United States, we assessed the outcomes of EVT versus medical management (MM) for patients with LVO and IE. Primary outcome was routine home discharge with self-care. Secondary outcomes include home discharge, in-hospital mortality, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for confounders. Additional multivariable adjustments were performed for doubly robust analyses.

Results: 2574 patients were identified; 656 (25.5%) received EVT. After PSM, the rate of routine discharge was significantly higher for patients with EVT compared with MM (14.6% vs 8.5%, p=0.021), and patients with EVT had significantly higher rate of home discharge (34.5% vs 26.5%, p=0.041), lower rate of in-hospital death (14.8% vs 25.2%, p=0.002), and lower rate of ICH (15.8% vs 23.1%, p=0.039). EVT was not associated with a different rate of SAH compared with MM (11.2% vs 7.9%, p=0.17). These associations remained unchanged with additional multivariable adjustments.

Conclusion: For patients with LVO stroke and IE, EVT was associated with significantly higher odds of favorable hospitalization outcomes and lower odds of ICH compared with MM.

Background: Heavily calcified carotid stenosis (HCCS) is considered an exclusion for carotid angioplasty and/or stenting (CAS), amenable only to carotid endarterectomy. This study presents preliminary retrospective dual-center experience utilizing the Shockwave S⁴ intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) system (Shockwave Medical) as an adjunct to CAS for HCCS.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic HCCS (de novo stenosis or in-stent restenosis (ISR)) undergoing IVL+CAS were included. Charts were reviewed for demographic, imaging, procedural, and outcome data. The primary endpoint was composite major adverse event (MAE) rate: death, ipsilateral stroke, or myocardial infarction (MI) within 30 days of IVL+CAS. Secondary endpoints included technical and procedural success, residual stenosis, and ISR postprocedure.

Results: Fifteen patients underwent 17 IVL+CAS procedures: de novo HCCS=13, heavily calcified ISR=4; symptomatic disease was addressed in seven cases. Procedures were performed transfemorally under conscious sedation with dual protection; flow reversal through a balloon guide catheter, and distal embolic protection system (EPS) use. Median pre-IVL+CAS stenosis was 73% (IQR 60-80%). Technical success (IVL+CAS+ EPS use) was achieved in all cases. Median post-IVL+CAS residual stenosis was 27% (IQR 12-33%), achieving <50% residual stenosis and procedural success in all. Five patients required dopamine infusion for postprocedural hypotension. No periprocedural ipsilateral strokes occurred. MAE rate was 6.7% (95% CI 0.2% to 32%), including one MI resulting in death. Additionally, one ISR (6.3%; 95% CI 0.2% to 30.2%) identified 160 days after IVL+CAS was retreated with angioplasty.

Conclusions: IVL+CAS was safe and effective for treating symptomatic and asymptomatic HCCS, achieving high rates of freedom from MAE. IVL has potential to expand the role of CAS in difficult to treat HCCS.

Background: The pipeline embolization device (PED) has been increasingly used to treat brain aneurysms; however, concerns have been raised about braid stability with newer drawn filled tubing technology devices.

Objective: To evaluate braid stability of PED early generations using data from the PREMIER trial.

Methods: All consecutive intracranial aneurysms treated with PED (Classic and Flex) within the PREMIER trial were reviewed for braid stability (fish mouthing, foreshortening, braid bump, braid collapsing). Immediate postprocedure cone-beam CT and angiography were compared with 1- and 2- years' follow-up. Analyses included safety, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, including +1 mRS point and a good clinical outcome (mRS score 0-2), vessel stenosis ≥50%, effectiveness measured with Raymond-Roy Scale, and re-treatment rates.

Results: 133/141 aneurysms had a complete dataset. 8/133 (6%) aneurysms showed braid deformations. Inter-reader agreement was excellent (κ=0.83). Braid deformations were statistically significantly associated with in-stent vessel stenosis >50% (P=0.029), without impact on effectiveness or safety. Fish mouthing was found in 1/133 (0.75%) at 1 year, causing >50% vessel stenosis. Foreshortening occurred in 6/133 (4.5%), and braid bump in 1/133 (0.75%) associated with severe in-stent stenosis. Four other cases (3.0%) of asymptomatic in-stent stenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia were seen without braid changes. No new braid stability deformations were found at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates excellent braid stability among patients treated with the PED Classic and Flex in the PREMIER trial. Within the uncommon braid changes observed, none affected the PED safety or efficacy.

Trial registration number: NCT02186561.

Background: Intravenous (IV) tenecteplase is increasingly being used in lieu of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. We sought to study the influence of IV tenecteplase versus IV alteplase on the efficacy of first line thrombectomy strategy.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Alteplase versus Tenecteplase (AcT) trial. We included anterior and posterior circulation stroke patients in whom a thrombectomy was attempted. We compared outcomes for stent retriever as first line strategy versus contact aspiration alone, and interactions with thrombolysis type. We examined angiographic outcomes (extended final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) 2c-3 after first-pass, eTICI 2b-3 and eTICI 2 c-3 on final angiography), and clinical and safety outcomes. Mixed effect regression analyses with interaction terms were performed. All outcomes were assessed and analyzed by blinded adjudicators.

Results: Among 506 patients who received thrombectomy, 435 were included (222 (51.0%) IV tenecteplase, 213 (49.0%) IV alteplase). A stent retriever was used as the first line endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) approach in 288 (66.2%), and aspiration in 147 (33.8%) patients. There was no difference in rates of final eTICI 2c-3 between groups (57.0% with stent retriever vs 61.9% with aspiration; P=0.35). There was, however, a significant interaction (P=0.02) between thrombolysis type and first line EVT strategy for final eTICI 2c-3, where tenecteplase was associated with higher odds of final eTICI 2c-3 with aspiration (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.29, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.75), but not with stent retriever (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.04). No significant interaction between thrombolysis and first line strategy was found for the other angiographic, clinical or safety outcomes.

Conclusion: IV tenecteplase before EVT may enhance reperfusion with first line aspiration.

Trial registration number: NCT03889249.

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the standard of care for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracranial vessel occlusion. Tandem occlusions (TO) comprise 20% of all anterior circulation AIS and are related to a poorer prognosis. The optimal EVT treatment strategy remains controversial. Our main objective was to determine if simultaneous endovascular treatment of intracranial and extracranial occlusions in patients with TO results in faster recanalization times, with similar efficacy and safety, compared with the sequential approach.

Methods: Single center, retrospective analysis of patients with TO undergoing EVT using the simultaneous or sequential technical approach. The primary outcome was puncture-to-final recanalization time. Secondary outcomes included modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 months, 30 day mortality, and hemorrhagic transformation.

Results: We included 111 patients with TO (35 treated with the simultaneous approach and 76 treated with the sequential approach). Successful recanalization was achieved in 91.9% of cases, and the first pass effect was 50.5%, with no differences between groups. The simultaneous technique resulted in shorter puncture-to-final recanalization time (33.0 min (IQR 25.0-55.0) vs 52.0 (30.0-73.0), P=0.018), adjusting for number of passes, first pass effect, thrombolysis, age, and previous stroke (adjusted β -0.21 (95% CI -29.47 to -2.79); P=0.018). No significant differences were found in 30 day functional outcome, mortality, or rate of hemorrhagic transformation when comparing simultaneous and sequential techniques.

Conclusion: The simultaneous approach was effective, safe, and faster than the classic sequential approach in patients with TO. This result may obviate the debate over which occlusion should be addressed first during EVT.

Background: Temporary clipping (TC) is an essential adjunct in cerebral aneurysm (CA) surgery. Despite appearing insignificant to the surgeon under the microscope, TC may cause parent vessel injury. Intraoperative diagnostic cerebral angiography (ioDCA) is crucial for assessing aneurysm occlusion and parent vessel integrity. We aimed to assess sequelae of TC evident on immediate ioDCA.

Methods: Elective CA clippings with ioDCA in a hybrid operating room from January 2020 to June 2023 were reviewed. Microsurgical and angiographic assessments were performed to identify post-TC parent vessel alterations. Outcomes were compared between TC and non-TC-groups.

Results: Collectively, 107 patients underwent 111 craniotomies for clipping of 127 CAs. TC was used in 59/111 cases (53.2%) for treatment of 66/127 CAs (51.9%). CA size and neck were significantly larger in the TC group than in the non-TC group (p<0.001). Parent vessel vasospasm at the site of the previous temporary clip location was evident on 3D rotational angiography in 12/59 (20.3%) TC cases. Clip adjustment rates after ioDCA were similar between groups (TC 13.6% vs non-TC 8.2%, p=0.328). In the TC group compared with the non-TC group, the rates of symptomatic radiographic ischemia and functional decline at discharge were significantly higher (p=0.022 and p=0.045, respectively). However, functional status at follow-up was comparable (p=0.620).

Conclusions: TC during CA surgery can cause significant yet microsurgically occult vasospasm in the parent vessel, potentially contributing to symptomatic ischemia and early functional decline. Intraoperative angiography is crucial for detecting this issue, highlighting both its importance and the risks associated with TC.

Background: The angiographic shape of an occlusion, like the clot meniscus sign and the claw sign, has been reported to potentially impact the recanalization rate and clinical outcome in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic strokes.

Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases. Patients were grouped into clot meniscus/claw sign positive and negative groups based on the definitions obtained from each study. Primary outcomes included technical success, with a meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model to calculate proportions and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl).

Results: We included seven studies recruiting 1572 patients. The results indicated that the positive and negative groups had comparable first-pass effect (OR 1.95; 95% CI 0.76 to 5.01; P=0.167) and final recanalization (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.81 to 2.27; P=0.248) rates. However, the rate of having a favorable functional outcome was significantly higher in the positive group than in the negative sign group (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.92; P<0.003). Within the sign-positive population, the use of contact aspiration was associated with a significantly higher rate of recanalization compared with using a stent retriever (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.49; P<0.001). This result did not translate into a clinical impact, as both stent retriever and contact aspiration showed comparable rates of functional independence at 3 months (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.02 to 2.33; P=0.210).

Conclusion: The presence of the clot meniscus/claw sign is not associated with recanalization outcomes after thrombectomy. However, it might be a good sign to predict which thrombectomy technique might be associated with better recanalization, although current evidence may need further confirmation.