Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery最新文献

Background: Isolated anterior cerebral artery occlusions (ACAo) in patients with acute ischemic stroke present significant challenges due to their rarity. The efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy (EVT) in comparison with best medical therapy (BMT) for ACAo remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of these treatments.

Methods: This multinational, multicenter study analyzed data from the MAD-MT registry. Data were collected retrospectively from 37 sites across North America, Asia, and Europe. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance confounding variables. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-2) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included excellent outcomes (mRS 0-1), mortality at 90 days, and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on day 1 post treatment.

Results: Of the 108 patients, 36 received BMT and 72 underwent EVT. The median age was 75 years, and 56% were male. At 90 days, 40% of patients achieved mRS 0-2, with no significant difference between EVT and BMT (38% vs 45%, p=0.46). Procedural success (mTICI 2b-3) was 91% in the EVT group, with a sICH rate of 2.9%. IPTW-adjusted analysis showed no significant difference between EVT and BMT for functional independence (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.23 to 6.02, p=0.85), mortality (25% vs 21%, p=0.71) or day 1 NIHSS scores (Beta 2.2, 95% CI -0.51 to 4.8, p=0.11).

Conclusions: EVT showed high procedural success but did not significantly improve functional outcomes or mortality compared with BMT in patients with ACAo. Further randomized trials are needed to clarify EVT's role in ACAo.

Introduction: Anatomic factors that predict outcomes following basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage (bgICH) evacuation are poorly understood. Given the compact neuroanatomic organization of the basal ganglia, we hypothesized that bgICH spatial representation could predict postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods: Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical bgICH evacuation between 2013 and 2024 at one center were retrospectively reviewed. bgICH volumes were segmented and stereotactically localized using anatomic landmarks. Heat maps that identified bgICH spatial representation across functional outcome states were generated. Differential bgICH volume overlap with each heat map was calculated after subtracting out that patient's contribution to the map. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of differential volume overlap for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4-6 within 1 year of surgery) and compared with that of the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) score with a z test.

Results: Forty-five patients were included (62% men, 7% Caucasian, median age 53 years). Thirty-two patients (71%) had poor functional outcome (median follow-up 4.1 months), which was associated with increased age (P=0.032), bgICH volume (P=0.005), intraventricular hemorrhage severity (P=0.032), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P=0.006), and differential volume overlap (P<0.001). Anatomically, poor outcome was associated with bgICH extension into the anterior limb of the internal capsule (P=0.004), caudate (P=0.042), and temporal lobe (P=0.006). The AUC for differential volume overlap was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97), which was higher than chance alone (P<0.001), but statistically similar to that (0.82 (0.71-0.97)) of the ICH score (P=0.545).

Conclusion: Stereotactic bgICH localization enabled functional outcome prognostication in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical evacuation.

Background: We investigate the association of imaging biomarkers extracted from fully automated body composition analysis (BCA) of computed tomography (CT) angiography images of endovascularly treated acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients regarding angiographic and clinical outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of AIS patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) at three tertiary care-centers between March 2019-January 2022. Baseline demographics, angiographic outcome and clinical outcome evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge were noted. Multiple tissues, such as muscle, bone, and adipose tissue were acquired with a deep-learning-based, fully automated BCA from CT images of the supra-aortic angiography.

Results: A total of 290 stroke patients who underwent MT due to cerebral vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation were included in the study. In the univariate analyses, among all BCA markers, only the lower sarcopenia marker was associated with a poor outcome (P=0.007). It remained an independent predictor for an unfavorable outcome in a logistic regression analysis (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.9, P=0.044). Fat index (total adipose tissue/bone) and myosteatosis index (inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue/total adipose tissue*100) did not affect clinical outcomes.

Conclusion: Acute ischemic stroke patients with a lower sarcopenia marker are at risk for an unfavorable outcome. Imaging biomarkers extracted from BCA can be easily obtained from existing CT images, making it readily available at the beginning of treatment. However, further research is necessary to determine whether sarcopenia provides additional value beyond established outcome predictors. Understanding its role could lead to optimized, individualized treatment plans for post-stroke patients, potentially improving recovery outcomes.

Background: Bioresorbable flow diverters (BRFDs) have the potential to solve several problems associated with conventional permanent flow diverters. We have constructed bare and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-coated magnesium BRFDs (MgBRFDs) using a high-strength corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy. This study aimed to compare bioresorption and biocompatibility between the two types in a rabbit vascular model to determine which is more clinically feasible in humans.

Methods: Bare and PLLA-coated MgBRFDs were fabricated by braiding 48 thin magnesium alloy wires. Mechanical testing was conducted. Bare (n=13) and PLLA-coated (n=13) MgBRFDs were implanted into rabbit aortas and harvested 14, 30, and 90 days after implantation. The physical structure of the resolution process was examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT), micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biological response of the vascular tissue was examined using SEM and histopathological analysis.

Results: The porosity and pore density of the bare MgBRFD were 64% and 16 pores/mm², respectively; corresponding values for the PLLA-coated MgBRFD were 63% and 12 pores/mm², respectively. The OCT attenuation score was significantly higher for the PLLA-coated MgBRFD at all time points (14 days, P=0.01; 30 days, P=0.02; 90 days, P=0.004). OCT, micro-computed tomography, and SEM demonstrated better stent structure preservation with the PLLA-coated MgBRFD. Neointimal thickness did not significantly change over time in either type of MgBRFD (bare, P=0.93; PLLA-coated, P=0.34); however, the number of inflammatory and proliferative cells peaked at 14 days and then decreased.

Conclusions: Both bare and PLLA-coated MgBRFDs had excellent biocompatibility. The PLLA-coated MgBRFD has greater clinical feasibility because of its delayed bioresorption.

Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury (VAI) has been described in the context of both anterior and posterior approaches to the cervical spine.1 2 Endovascular treatment of VAI primarily entails vessel sacrifice or vascular reconstruction. The latter option offers the advantage of achieving hemostasis while maintaining parent vessel patency.3 In this video (video 1) we describe the case of a patient in their 20s undergoing C1-C2 arthrodesis with Harms technique. A V3 segment VAI was successfully treated with two overlapping covered stents which provided hemostasis and parent vessel reconstruction. Follow-up angiography demonstrated robust flow in the parent vertebral artery with no in-stent stenosis. The patient remained at neurological baseline with no ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. To our knowledge, this is the first technical video demonstrating this technique in the setting of iatrogenic VAI.neurintsurg;jnis-2024-022640v2/V1F1V1Video 1 Endovascular treatment of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury with a covered stent.

Background: Despite successful recanalization via mechanical thrombectomy (MT), only half of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients achieve functional independence. Post-MT hemodynamic features are insufficiently investigated, and the lack of bilateral comparisons limits individual assessment. Therefore, we aimed to explore how individualized hemodynamic features affect functional outcomes using quantitative digital subtraction angiography (Q-DSA).

Methods: We screened three prospective databases for anterior circulation AIS participants with successful recanalization via MT. Hemodynamic features, including time to peak (TTP), were measured for four regions of interest (ROIs) on each side with Q-DSA. ROI_C2 served as a reference for correcting TTP values. We defined TTP variation (TTPV), as the degree of difference in TTP between the symptomatic and the healthy sides. A composite indicator, integrating TTPV and collateral status, was developed to reflect comprehensive perfusion capacity. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between TTPV, or the composite indicator, and functional outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale <2).

Result: Finally, 201 participants (median (interquartile range (IQR) age 68 (57, 75] years, 64.2% males) were enrolled, and 97 (48.3%) patients achieved favourable functional outcomes. TTPV_C2-M1 was significantly related to favorable functional outcome (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.627; 95% confidence interval (0.407, 0.966); p=0.034). Additionally, the composite indicator of good collaterals and low TTPV_C2-M1 was a powerful predictor for the favorable outcome (aOR=6.693; 95% confidence interval (2.652, 16.896); P<0.001).

Conclusion: TTPV_C2-M1 and the composite perfusion indicator showed significant predictive value in prognosis and potentially guided intra-procedure interventions and subsequent management among AIS patients.