Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12043
José Ramón Aguilar-Martínez, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Lydia López-Pontigo, Ana Teresa Nez-Castro, Gustavo Adolfo Hernández-Cerecedo, María del Refugio Acuña Gurrola, Consuelo Cabrera Morales
The name of transgender woman is given to that person whose sex assigned at birth is not consistent with their gender identity or expression. Mexico occupies the second place in transfeminicides. Furthermore, the acts of violence and discrimination, also afflict this group and can be related to negative perceptions towards trans women. On the other hand, health care for trans women turns out to be inadequate because it does not cover their needs. Likewise, within the field of research in Mexico, studies that focus on trans women are scarce. Based on the aforementioned, it is evident that this population remains in a vulnerable state, and it infers incongruously in the bioethical principles that should cover this group. For this reason, bioethics is the branch of ethics that aims to provide dignified and humanized treatment of human life based on four principles: 1) beneficence, 2) non-maleficence, 3) autonomy, and 4) justice. Currently, greater awareness is required among both health service providers and researchers to provide timely care and inclusion in research protocols, which allows the generation of more epidemiological information on trans women.
{"title":"Bioethic principals for researching and health attention for trans woman","authors":"José Ramón Aguilar-Martínez, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Lydia López-Pontigo, Ana Teresa Nez-Castro, Gustavo Adolfo Hernández-Cerecedo, María del Refugio Acuña Gurrola, Consuelo Cabrera Morales","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12043","url":null,"abstract":" The name of transgender woman is given to that person whose sex assigned at birth is not consistent with their gender identity or expression. Mexico occupies the second place in transfeminicides. Furthermore, the acts of violence and discrimination, also afflict this group and can be related to negative perceptions towards trans women. On the other hand, health care for trans women turns out to be inadequate because it does not cover their needs. Likewise, within the field of research in Mexico, studies that focus on trans women are scarce. Based on the aforementioned, it is evident that this population remains in a vulnerable state, and it infers incongruously in the bioethical principles that should cover this group. For this reason, bioethics is the branch of ethics that aims to provide dignified and humanized treatment of human life based on four principles: 1) beneficence, 2) non-maleficence, 3) autonomy, and 4) justice. Currently, greater awareness is required among both health service providers and researchers to provide timely care and inclusion in research protocols, which allows the generation of more epidemiological information on trans women.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12108
Carlos A. Castro del Ángel
This descriptive observational study analyzes adverse events in public hospitals in Hidalgo between 2013 and 2021. The main objective is to understand patient safety at the local level using data from the Adverse Event Recording System. Data from 1,830 surveys from 14 hospitals were collected, focusing on sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital service variables. The results indicate a higher prevalence of adverse events in women (59.78%) and in the age group of 21 to 30 years. The most common places of occurrence were Internal Medicine and Hospitalization, mainly during the morning shift. The most frequent incidents were medication-related, falls, and infections, with a majority classified as 'no harm'. Patient characteristics and the application of protocols were identified as factors most commonly present in adverse events. However, only 2.02% of the events underwent a root cause analysis. The study highlights the need to develop specific strategies for prevention and reporting, emphasizing continuous education of medical staff and the strengthening of hospital policies, and the consolidation of information on adverse events for future research.
{"title":"Evaluating patient safety: Analysis of adverse events in hospitals in Hidalgo","authors":"Carlos A. Castro del Ángel","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12108","url":null,"abstract":"This descriptive observational study analyzes adverse events in public hospitals in Hidalgo between 2013 and 2021. The main objective is to understand patient safety at the local level using data from the Adverse Event Recording System. Data from 1,830 surveys from 14 hospitals were collected, focusing on sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital service variables. The results indicate a higher prevalence of adverse events in women (59.78%) and in the age group of 21 to 30 years. The most common places of occurrence were Internal Medicine and Hospitalization, mainly during the morning shift. The most frequent incidents were medication-related, falls, and infections, with a majority classified as 'no harm'. Patient characteristics and the application of protocols were identified as factors most commonly present in adverse events. However, only 2.02% of the events underwent a root cause analysis. The study highlights the need to develop specific strategies for prevention and reporting, emphasizing continuous education of medical staff and the strengthening of hospital policies, and the consolidation of information on adverse events for future research.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"50 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12114
Gabriela Navia Tapia
Patient safety actions represent a means to avoid unsafe practices during medical care, establishing rules to instruct health personnel not to be negligent or carry out behaviors that produce or increase the risks inherent to medical practice. On the other hand, bioethics constitutes a discipline to protect the dignity of the patient, against interventions in their entirety to recover, improve or preserve health. In particular, the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence of so-called principalist bioethics are fulfilled with those actions that are aimed at avoiding harm to the patient, through the observance of rules closely related to said principles.
{"title":"Patient safety and the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence","authors":"Gabriela Navia Tapia","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12114","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety actions represent a means to avoid unsafe practices during medical care, establishing rules to instruct health personnel not to be negligent or carry out behaviors that produce or increase the risks inherent to medical practice. On the other hand, bioethics constitutes a discipline to protect the dignity of the patient, against interventions in their entirety to recover, improve or preserve health. In particular, the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence of so-called principalist bioethics are fulfilled with those actions that are aimed at avoiding harm to the patient, through the observance of rules closely related to said principles.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"55 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.29057/mbr.v5i10.11761
Irina Lazarevich, L. Ortiz-Hernández, Lydia López-Pontigo, José Ramón Aguilar-Martínez, Lizbeth Alondra Hernández-Paniagua
Introduction: At the national level, research on attitudes towards transgender people is incipient, especially in academic field; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate attitudes towards transgender people among Mexican college students and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, orientation to social dominance and egalitarianism. Methods: The sample consisted of 471 undergraduate students between 16 and 29 years old from public universities of México City and Estate of Mexico. The Scales of Attitudes towards Transgender People and of Social Dominance Orientation were applied; socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated. Results: It was observed that college students had a medium level of acceptance towards transgender people; however, between 2% and 5% of them still maintain attitudes of rejection. Men, religious people, and participants who scored higher on social dominance orientation expressed more negative attitudes toward transgender people and less positive in activism and interest in the topic. The opposite trends were observed among participants with higher levels of egalitarianism. Conclusions: Negative attitudes toward transgender people can contribute to a hostile environment for this population group in educational institutions. Understanding and recognizing of human diversity by college students, especially health professionals, will enable them to respect this vulnerable population in their future professional activities
{"title":"Attitudes toward transgender people of Mexican university students","authors":"Irina Lazarevich, L. Ortiz-Hernández, Lydia López-Pontigo, José Ramón Aguilar-Martínez, Lizbeth Alondra Hernández-Paniagua","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i10.11761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i10.11761","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: At the national level, research on attitudes towards transgender people is incipient, especially in academic field; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate attitudes towards transgender people among Mexican college students and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, orientation to social dominance and egalitarianism. Methods: The sample consisted of 471 undergraduate students between 16 and 29 years old from public universities of México City and Estate of Mexico. The Scales of Attitudes towards Transgender People and of Social Dominance Orientation were applied; socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated. \u0000Results: It was observed that college students had a medium level of acceptance towards transgender people; however, between 2% and 5% of them still maintain attitudes of rejection. Men, religious people, and participants who scored higher on social dominance orientation expressed more negative attitudes toward transgender people and less positive in activism and interest in the topic. The opposite trends were observed among participants with higher levels of egalitarianism. \u0000Conclusions: Negative attitudes toward transgender people can contribute to a hostile environment for this population group in educational institutions. Understanding and recognizing of human diversity by college students, especially health professionals, will enable them to respect this vulnerable population in their future professional activities","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"91 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12116
Alejandro Pacheco Gómez
The interruption of pregnancy is a topic of great controversy in various areas. In Mexico, most criminal legislation defines abortion as the death of the product of conception at any time during pregnancy. With the evolution in the recognition and defense of human rights, it has currently been considered that the prohibition of abortion affects the exercise of reproductive freedom and access to health services, since it forces women to a procreation and are prevented from accessing safe abortion. Thus, approximately a third of local laws have modified the crime of abortion to define it as the interruption of pregnancy after the twelfth week of gestation; With this, a trend has begun towards not prohibiting this procedure during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. However, it is not without ethical and legal implications, since health personnel may also object to participating for reasons of conscientious objection.
{"title":"The current panorama of the legislation on the legal interruption of pregnancy in Mexico","authors":"Alejandro Pacheco Gómez","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i10.12116","url":null,"abstract":"The interruption of pregnancy is a topic of great controversy in various areas. In Mexico, most criminal legislation defines abortion as the death of the product of conception at any time during pregnancy. With the evolution in the recognition and defense of human rights, it has currently been considered that the prohibition of abortion affects the exercise of reproductive freedom and access to health services, since it forces women to a procreation and are prevented from accessing safe abortion. Thus, approximately a third of local laws have modified the crime of abortion to define it as the interruption of pregnancy after the twelfth week of gestation; With this, a trend has begun towards not prohibiting this procedure during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. However, it is not without ethical and legal implications, since health personnel may also object to participating for reasons of conscientious objection.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"42 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethics has emerged as a discipline to assess human conduct in light of ethical principles. On the other hand, in medical practice, for many years, decisions were made only by the doctor, without taking into account that the patient is also a person and therefore has the right to participate in them. This leads to a responsible exercise in that decision-making, considering that a doctor-patient relationship is established that generates rights and obligations for each one of them. This responsibility goes beyond the commitment that could be created between the professional and the patient, since each one must assume the obligations inherent to their role, both with constant updating and learning, and with permanent self-care in health; With these behaviors, it will favor reaching the state of physical, mental and social well-being.
{"title":"Health accompanied by Bioethics","authors":"Erika López Zaldívar","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11216","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethics has emerged as a discipline to assess human conduct in light of ethical principles. On the other hand, in medical practice, for many years, decisions were made only by the doctor, without taking into account that the patient is also a person and therefore has the right to participate in them. This leads to a responsible exercise in that decision-making, considering that a doctor-patient relationship is established that generates rights and obligations for each one of them. This responsibility goes beyond the commitment that could be created between the professional and the patient, since each one must assume the obligations inherent to their role, both with constant updating and learning, and with permanent self-care in health; With these behaviors, it will favor reaching the state of physical, mental and social well-being.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123454694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loss of life, whether with signs of cardiocirculatory death or brain death, are relevant aspects for the decision on organ transplants, since in many cases it is preferable to obtain them from cadaveric patients, although there is always the option that the recipient is alive. . The article proposes a comparative study between Spanish and Mexican legislation, in relation to some aspects of a bioethical nature, considering organ procurement, informed consent, cadaveric or intervivos donation, cross donation, confidentiality and issues on criminal types.
{"title":"Bioethical aspects of organ transplantation. A comparative study between Spain and Mexico","authors":"Ulises Pacheco-Gómez, Itzel Pacheco Navia","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11194","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of life, whether with signs of cardiocirculatory death or brain death, are relevant aspects for the decision on organ transplants, since in many cases it is preferable to obtain them from cadaveric patients, although there is always the option that the recipient is alive. . The article proposes a comparative study between Spanish and Mexican legislation, in relation to some aspects of a bioethical nature, considering organ procurement, informed consent, cadaveric or intervivos donation, cross donation, confidentiality and issues on criminal types.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research for health in humans has medical, legal and bioethical implications. By virtue of its nature and scope, it has a special legal regulation, particularly in the norms of Health Law. As it has medical and bioethical implications, various principles have consequently been pronounced by medical organizations, including international organizations, embodied in Declarations; They constitute ethical principles of the medical discipline and must be observed in terms of the lex artis. One of the modalities of research for health is that which is carried out in vulnerable groups. The term vulnerability is applicable to population groups that, due to their age, sex, marital status and ethnic origin, are in a condition of risk that prevents them from joining development and accessing better welfare conditions. Given its bioethical and legal significance, at least three principles have been established, namely respect, beneficence and justice. The provisions governing research in vulnerable groups are in no case discriminatory, but rather, they seek to protect their rights.
{"title":"Health research in vulnerable groups in Mexico","authors":"Santiago Emmanuel Vite Barrera","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11206","url":null,"abstract":"Research for health in humans has medical, legal and bioethical implications. By virtue of its nature and scope, it has a special legal regulation, particularly in the norms of Health Law. As it has medical and bioethical implications, various principles have consequently been pronounced by medical organizations, including international organizations, embodied in Declarations; They constitute ethical principles of the medical discipline and must be observed in terms of the lex artis. One of the modalities of research for health is that which is carried out in vulnerable groups. The term vulnerability is applicable to population groups that, due to their age, sex, marital status and ethnic origin, are in a condition of risk that prevents them from joining development and accessing better welfare conditions. Given its bioethical and legal significance, at least three principles have been established, namely respect, beneficence and justice. The provisions governing research in vulnerable groups are in no case discriminatory, but rather, they seek to protect their rights.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127028175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research ethics committees are collegiate bodies whose main purpose is to evaluate and rule, approving or not approving, the research protocols that are going to be carried out in human beings; likewise, they assist the authorities in monitoring compliance with health legislation. They constitute a guarantee of respect for the people who participate as research subjects and legitimize those who carry out this procedure. They are mandatory for all establishments where research is carried out on human beings.
{"title":"Research Ethics Committees","authors":"Alejandro Pacheco Gómez","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i9.11193","url":null,"abstract":"The research ethics committees are collegiate bodies whose main purpose is to evaluate and rule, approving or not approving, the research protocols that are going to be carried out in human beings; likewise, they assist the authorities in monitoring compliance with health legislation. They constitute a guarantee of respect for the people who participate as research subjects and legitimize those who carry out this procedure. They are mandatory for all establishments where research is carried out on human beings.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116855082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organ transplantation is now widely considered the preferred mode of organ replacement therapy for patients suffering from organ failure. The success rate of organ transplantation goes with organ shortages. This has led to thousands of patients dying on the organ waiting list. Some have argued that human-to-human organ donation is an ethical response to the problem of organ shortages but human-to-human organ donation has not done enough to close the gap between the demand and supply of human organs. Steps need to be taken to improve the organ donation pool. The paper suggests organ farming. Organ farming is the genetic cultivation of human organs for clinical transplantation. The moral implications of organ farming include the question of human dignity, organ farming as playing God, and the destruction of embryos. From the Utilitarian standpoint, if organ farming promises to be good for the greatest number of persons it should be permitted, while the unethical practice of organ farming is regulated by law.
{"title":"The Moral Implications of Organ Farming","authors":"Osebor Monday Ikecukwu","doi":"10.29057/mbr.v5i9.10487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v5i9.10487","url":null,"abstract":"Organ transplantation is now widely considered the preferred mode of organ replacement therapy for patients suffering from organ failure. The success rate of organ transplantation goes with organ shortages. This has led to thousands of patients dying on the organ waiting list. Some have argued that human-to-human organ donation is an ethical response to the problem of organ shortages but human-to-human organ donation has not done enough to close the gap between the demand and supply of human organs. Steps need to be taken to improve the organ donation pool. The paper suggests organ farming. Organ farming is the genetic cultivation of human organs for clinical transplantation. The moral implications of organ farming include the question of human dignity, organ farming as playing God, and the destruction of embryos. From the Utilitarian standpoint, if organ farming promises to be good for the greatest number of persons it should be permitted, while the unethical practice of organ farming is regulated by law.","PeriodicalId":164350,"journal":{"name":"Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124465920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：