Journal of Medical Primatology最新文献

The Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata radiata) is a highly adaptive, anthropocentric, and commensal species that inhabits urban habitats with provisioned dietary habits. It is a subject of various scientific studies, particularly concerning its hematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, comprehensive baseline datasets are scarcely available, with existing data mostly derived from lab-maintained animals rather than wild individuals. The objective of this study is to establish reference values for hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Bonnet macaques living in Bengaluru urban ecological conditions with varied dietary habits. The study area lies between 12°58′ N and 13°00′ N latitude and 77°30′ E and 77°40′ E longitude. Blood samples were collected with KFD permission from urban macaques across different parts of the city by trained veterinary professionals following all due standard protocols and ethics. The results revealed crucial comparative differences from the available literature data and across age and sex groups. The Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to determine the normal distribution of the dataset, and the results obtained are variable-specific. The established reference values will enable more accurate interpretation of hematological and serum biochemistry values specific to urban macaque populations.

The primate gastrointestinal tract is home to bacteria, which may be associated with its habitat. In Malaysia, wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) are found solely in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. No information is currently available regarding the intestinal microbiota of wild or captive Malaysian stump-tailed macaques. In this study, a fecal metabarcoding approach was utilized to determine the gut microbiome composition of wild and captive M. arctoides and how these microbial communities respond to the host's external environment. To elucidate these relationships, 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq platform, with 300 paired-end sequences. We identified 18 phyla, 38 orders, 46 families, 76 genera, and 131 species in the stump-tailed macaque samples. The most prevalent bacterial families in the gut of M. arctoides were Firmicutes (4.69%), Spirochaetes (2.87%), and Proteobacteria (2.40%). Our analysis did not reveal any substantial differences between the habitat environment and gut microbiome composition in M. arctoides. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to document the gut microbiome of the wild M. arctoides population in Peninsular Malaysia. Future studies are required to explore and better understand potential zoonotic pathogens harbored in stump-tailed macaques.

An infant Brown Howler Monkey with a fracture of the left humerus was treated using a titanium locking plate and screws. The patient showed excellent recovery, using the limb within 24 h post-procedure. The surgical technique was effective, enabling early limb function recovery and the animal release.

The nonhuman primate (NHP) model has been a cornerstone in the development of effective therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for HIV-1 infection. Yet, despite promising results in this key preclinical setting, major efficacy trials of HIV vaccines have failed to exhibit sufficient protection to meet their endpoint efficacy criteria. Similarly, the recent Antibody-Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials (HVTN 703, 704), which tested the ability of passive immunization with the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01, also failed to meet predetermined overall efficacy criteria. Cumulatively, both active and passive vaccination regimens that have demonstrated the ability to provide protection in NHPs have not provided sufficient benefits in clinical field trials, raising questions about how to optimally model the challenging clinical reality facing HIV-1 vaccine developers. Here, with a goal of highlighting means whereby gaps might be addressed, we discuss some factors that may influence consistency between NHP experiments and translation between clinical and preclinical settings in both active and passive vaccine regimens. We conclude that results from the AMP trials provide a key benchmark that has high value in gauging the clinical prospects of humoral immune responses induced by vaccines or provided by passive antibody prophylaxis. The promise of new knowledge gained through carefully designed testing of new interventions and therapeutics motivates continued exploration of means to model humoral immunity to HIV-1 in preclinical models.