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Effectiveness of nurse-led fever, sugar-hyperglycemia, and swallowing bundle care on clinical outcome of patients with stroke at a tertiary care center: A randomized controlled trial 由护士主导的发热、血糖过高和吞咽捆绑护理对三级医疗中心脑卒中患者临床疗效的影响:随机对照试验
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_446_2023
Dinesh Sridhar, Lakshmi Ramamoorthy, Sunil K. Narayan, Deepak Amalnath, H. Lalthanthuami, Sachit Ganapathy, Unnikrishnan Puliyakkuth
Stroke is a medical emergency, the leading cause of death, and a significant cause of disability in developing countries. The primary goals of stroke management focus on reducing disability, which needs prompt treatment in time. Fever, sugar-hyperglycemia, and swallowing (FeSS) bundle are a promising nurse-led composite for reducing disability and death. The present study aims to assess the effect of FeSS bundle care on disability, functional dependency, and death among acute stroke patients.A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 104 acute stroke patients, who were admitted within the first 48 h of stroke symptoms and had no previous neurological deficits. Randomization was stratified based on gender and type of stroke. The intervention group received FeSS bundle care, which included nurse-led fever and sugar management for the first 72 h, and a swallowing assessment done within the first 24 h or before the first oral meal. A follow-up assessment was done after 90 days to assess the disability, functional dependency, and mortality status using a modified Rankin scale and Barthel index.No significant difference was noted in the 90-day disability and functional dependency between the groups. A reduction in mortality was noted in the intervention group. The risk ratio for mortality between groups was 2.143 (95% confidence interval: 0.953–4.820).Although no significant reduction in disability, there was a reduction in mortality in the intervention group. Hence, the study suggested the promotion of nurse-led intervention using the FeSS bundle in stroke units.
在发展中国家,脑卒中是一种急症,是导致死亡的主要原因,也是导致残疾的重要原因。中风治疗的首要目标是减少残疾,这就需要及时治疗。发热、糖-高血糖和吞咽(FeSS)捆绑疗法是一种很有前景的由护士主导的减少残疾和死亡的综合疗法。本研究旨在评估 FeSS 捆绑护理对急性脑卒中患者残疾、功能依赖和死亡的影响。本研究对 104 名急性脑卒中患者进行了随机对照试验,这些患者在出现脑卒中症状后 48 小时内入院,既往无神经功能缺损。随机分组基于性别和中风类型。干预组接受 FeSS 套件护理,包括最初 72 小时内由护士指导的发热和糖分管理,以及最初 24 小时内或首次口服前的吞咽评估。90 天后进行随访评估,使用改良的 Rankin 量表和 Barthel 指数评估残疾、功能依赖和死亡率状况。干预组的死亡率有所下降。干预组的死亡率风险比为 2.143(95% 置信区间:0.953-4.820)。虽然残疾程度没有明显降低,但干预组的死亡率有所降低。因此,该研究建议在卒中单元推广使用 FeSS 套件进行护士主导的干预。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with or without cancer: Strength of current evidence 比较有无癌症的中风患者基线 D-二聚体水平的系统综述和荟萃分析:当前证据的强度
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_379_2023
Rakesh Mishra, Vishal Chavda, L. Moscote-Salazar, O. Atallah, Saikat Das, Tariq Janjua, V. Maurya, Amit Agrawal
D-dimer levels are increased in stroke and cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of stroke. However, the evidence is unclear if high D-dimer in stroke patients can suggest the diagnosis of concomitant cancer or the development of stroke in a cancer patient. The objective is to assess the evidence available on the baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with and without cancer.We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We searched PUBMED, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for potentially eligible articles published till June 2023. All the review steps were iterative and done independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of included studies for case control and cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool for cross-sectional studies. The qualitative synthesis is presented narratively, and quantitative synthesis is shown in the forest plot using the random effects model. I2 of more than 60% was considered as high heterogeneity.The searches from all the databases yielded 495 articles. After the study selection process, six papers were found eligible for inclusion in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. In the present systematic review, 2651 patients with ischemic infarcts are included of which 404 (13.97%) patients had active cancer while 2247 (86.02%) did not. The studies included were of high quality and low risk of bias. There were significantly higher baseline D-dimer levels in stroke patients with cancer than in non-cancer patients with a mean difference of 4.84 (3.07–6.60) P < 0.00001.D-dimer is a simple and relatively non-expensive biomarker that is increased to significant levels in stroke patients, who have cancer and therefore may be a tool to predict through screening for active or occult cancer in stroke patients.
中风和癌症患者的 D-二聚体水平会升高。癌症患者发生中风的风险较高。然而,中风患者的高 D-二聚体是否能提示并发癌症的诊断或癌症患者发生中风的证据尚不明确。我们采用系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目指南进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。我们检索了 PUBMED、Cochrane、ScienceDirect 和 Scopus 上截至 2023 年 6 月发表的可能符合条件的文章。所有审稿步骤均由两名审稿人独立迭代完成。对于病例对照和队列研究,我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表工具来评估纳入研究的质量;对于横断面研究,我们使用美国医疗保健研究与质量机构工具来评估纳入研究的质量。定性综述以叙述的方式呈现,定量综述则使用随机效应模型以森林图的形式呈现。I2超过60%被视为高度异质性。经过研究筛选,6 篇论文符合纳入定性和定量综述的条件。本系统综述共纳入 2651 例缺血性脑梗塞患者,其中 404 例(13.97%)患者患有活动性癌症,2247 例(86.02%)患者没有癌症。纳入的研究质量高,偏倚风险低。癌症中风患者的基线 D-二聚体水平明显高于非癌症患者,平均差值为 4.84 (3.07-6.60) P < 0.00001。D-二聚体是一种简单且成本相对较低的生物标志物,在患有癌症的中风患者中会明显升高,因此可作为一种工具,通过筛查预测中风患者是否患有活动性或隐匿性癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Epilepsy care and outcome in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review 低收入和中等收入国家的癫痫护理和疗效:范围综述
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_527_2023
Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole, Y. Dokponou, R. de Koning, D. U. Dalle, Ö. Kesici, C. Egu, C. Ikwuegbuenyi, G. Adegboyega, S. Z. Yang Ooi, O. Dada, J. Erhabor, Emmanuel Mukambo, Tunde Olobatoke, B. Takoutsing, Soham Bandyopadhyay
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to systematically review, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information on the current state of medical and surgical management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, WOS, and Scopus, covering the period from the inception of the databases to August 18th, 2021, focusing on studies reporting management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.A total of 2298 unique studies were identified, of which, 48 were included (38035 cases). The mean age was 20.1 ± 19.26 years with a male predominance in 60.92% of cases. The type of seizure commonly reported in most of the studies was absence seizures (n = 8302, 21.82%); partial focal seizure (n = 3891, 10.23%); and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 3545, 9.32%) which were the next most common types of seizures. Mesiotemporal epilepsy was less frequently reported (n = 87, 0.22%). Electroencephalogram was commonly used (n = 2516, 6.61%), followed by computed tomography scan (n = 1028, 2.70%), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 638, 1.67%), and video telemetry (n = 484, 1.27%) in the care of patients with seizures. Primary epilepsy was recorded in 582 patients (1.53%) whereas secondary epilepsy was present in 333 patients (0.87%). Carbamazepine was the most used anti-epileptic drug (n = 2121, 5.57%). Surgical treatment was required for 465 (1.22%) patients.In LMICs, epilepsy is underreported. There is still a lack of adequate tools for the diagnosis of primary or secondary epilepsy as well as adequate access to medical management of those reported.
癫痫是中低收入国家(LMICs)常见的神经系统疾病。本研究旨在系统地回顾、分析、评估和综合有关中低收入国家癫痫内外科治疗现状和疗效的信息。研究人员在MEDLINE、EMBASE、世界卫生组织全球医学索引、非洲期刊在线、WOS和Scopus上进行了系统检索,检索时间从数据库建立之初至2021年8月18日,重点检索了报告低收入国家癫痫管理和治疗效果的研究。平均年龄为(20.1 ± 19.26)岁,60.92%的病例以男性为主。大多数研究中常见的癫痫发作类型为失神发作(8302 例,21.82%);部分局灶性发作(3891 例,10.23%);其次是全身强直阵挛发作(3545 例,9.32%)。中颞叶癫痫的报告较少(n = 87,0.22%)。在癫痫发作患者的护理中,脑电图是最常用的方法(n = 2516,6.61%),其次是计算机断层扫描(n = 1028,2.70%)、磁共振成像(n = 638,1.67%)和视频遥测(n = 484,1.27%)。582 名患者(1.53%)患有原发性癫痫,333 名患者(0.87%)患有继发性癫痫。卡马西平是最常用的抗癫痫药物(2121 人,占 5.57%)。465名患者(1.22%)需要接受手术治疗。在低收入和中等收入国家,癫痫的报告率很低。目前仍然缺乏足够的工具来诊断原发性或继发性癫痫,也没有足够的途径对报告的患者进行医疗管理。
{"title":"Epilepsy care and outcome in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review","authors":"Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole, Y. Dokponou, R. de Koning, D. U. Dalle, Ö. Kesici, C. Egu, C. Ikwuegbuenyi, G. Adegboyega, S. Z. Yang Ooi, O. Dada, J. Erhabor, Emmanuel Mukambo, Tunde Olobatoke, B. Takoutsing, Soham Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_527_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_527_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to systematically review, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information on the current state of medical and surgical management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, WOS, and Scopus, covering the period from the inception of the databases to August 18th, 2021, focusing on studies reporting management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 2298 unique studies were identified, of which, 48 were included (38035 cases). The mean age was 20.1 ± 19.26 years with a male predominance in 60.92% of cases. The type of seizure commonly reported in most of the studies was absence seizures (n = 8302, 21.82%); partial focal seizure (n = 3891, 10.23%); and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 3545, 9.32%) which were the next most common types of seizures. Mesiotemporal epilepsy was less frequently reported (n = 87, 0.22%). Electroencephalogram was commonly used (n = 2516, 6.61%), followed by computed tomography scan (n = 1028, 2.70%), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 638, 1.67%), and video telemetry (n = 484, 1.27%) in the care of patients with seizures. Primary epilepsy was recorded in 582 patients (1.53%) whereas secondary epilepsy was present in 333 patients (0.87%). Carbamazepine was the most used anti-epileptic drug (n = 2121, 5.57%). Surgical treatment was required for 465 (1.22%) patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In LMICs, epilepsy is underreported. There is still a lack of adequate tools for the diagnosis of primary or secondary epilepsy as well as adequate access to medical management of those reported.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epilepsy care and outcome in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review 低收入和中等收入国家的癫痫护理和疗效:范围综述
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_527_2023
Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole, Y. Dokponou, R. de Koning, D. U. Dalle, Ö. Kesici, C. Egu, C. Ikwuegbuenyi, G. Adegboyega, S. Z. Yang Ooi, O. Dada, J. Erhabor, Emmanuel Mukambo, Tunde Olobatoke, B. Takoutsing, Soham Bandyopadhyay
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to systematically review, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information on the current state of medical and surgical management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, WOS, and Scopus, covering the period from the inception of the databases to August 18th, 2021, focusing on studies reporting management and outcomes of epilepsy in LMICs.A total of 2298 unique studies were identified, of which, 48 were included (38035 cases). The mean age was 20.1 ± 19.26 years with a male predominance in 60.92% of cases. The type of seizure commonly reported in most of the studies was absence seizures (n = 8302, 21.82%); partial focal seizure (n = 3891, 10.23%); and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 3545, 9.32%) which were the next most common types of seizures. Mesiotemporal epilepsy was less frequently reported (n = 87, 0.22%). Electroencephalogram was commonly used (n = 2516, 6.61%), followed by computed tomography scan (n = 1028, 2.70%), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 638, 1.67%), and video telemetry (n = 484, 1.27%) in the care of patients with seizures. Primary epilepsy was recorded in 582 patients (1.53%) whereas secondary epilepsy was present in 333 patients (0.87%). Carbamazepine was the most used anti-epileptic drug (n = 2121, 5.57%). Surgical treatment was required for 465 (1.22%) patients.In LMICs, epilepsy is underreported. There is still a lack of adequate tools for the diagnosis of primary or secondary epilepsy as well as adequate access to medical management of those reported.
癫痫是中低收入国家(LMICs)常见的神经系统疾病。本研究旨在系统地回顾、分析、评估和综合有关中低收入国家癫痫内外科治疗现状和疗效的信息。研究人员在MEDLINE、EMBASE、世界卫生组织全球医学索引、非洲期刊在线、WOS和Scopus上进行了系统检索,检索时间从数据库建立之初至2021年8月18日,重点检索了报告低收入国家癫痫管理和治疗效果的研究。平均年龄为(20.1 ± 19.26)岁,60.92%的病例以男性为主。大多数研究中常见的癫痫发作类型为失神发作(8302 例,21.82%);部分局灶性发作(3891 例,10.23%);其次是全身强直阵挛发作(3545 例,9.32%)。中颞叶癫痫的报告较少(n = 87,0.22%)。在癫痫发作患者的护理中,脑电图是最常用的方法(n = 2516,6.61%),其次是计算机断层扫描(n = 1028,2.70%)、磁共振成像(n = 638,1.67%)和视频遥测(n = 484,1.27%)。582 名患者(1.53%)患有原发性癫痫,333 名患者(0.87%)患有继发性癫痫。卡马西平是最常用的抗癫痫药物(2121 人,占 5.57%)。465名患者(1.22%)需要接受手术治疗。在低收入和中等收入国家,癫痫的报告率很低。目前仍然缺乏足够的工具来诊断原发性或继发性癫痫,也没有足够的途径对报告的患者进行医疗管理。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with or without cancer: Strength of current evidence 比较有无癌症的中风患者基线 D-二聚体水平的系统综述和荟萃分析:当前证据的强度
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_379_2023
Rakesh Mishra, Vishal Chavda, L. Moscote-Salazar, O. Atallah, Saikat Das, Tariq Janjua, V. Maurya, Amit Agrawal
D-dimer levels are increased in stroke and cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of stroke. However, the evidence is unclear if high D-dimer in stroke patients can suggest the diagnosis of concomitant cancer or the development of stroke in a cancer patient. The objective is to assess the evidence available on the baseline D-dimer level in stroke patients with and without cancer.We conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We searched PUBMED, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for potentially eligible articles published till June 2023. All the review steps were iterative and done independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool was used to assess the quality of included studies for case control and cohort studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool for cross-sectional studies. The qualitative synthesis is presented narratively, and quantitative synthesis is shown in the forest plot using the random effects model. I2 of more than 60% was considered as high heterogeneity.The searches from all the databases yielded 495 articles. After the study selection process, six papers were found eligible for inclusion in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. In the present systematic review, 2651 patients with ischemic infarcts are included of which 404 (13.97%) patients had active cancer while 2247 (86.02%) did not. The studies included were of high quality and low risk of bias. There were significantly higher baseline D-dimer levels in stroke patients with cancer than in non-cancer patients with a mean difference of 4.84 (3.07–6.60) P < 0.00001.D-dimer is a simple and relatively non-expensive biomarker that is increased to significant levels in stroke patients, who have cancer and therefore may be a tool to predict through screening for active or occult cancer in stroke patients.
中风和癌症患者的 D-二聚体水平会升高。癌症患者发生中风的风险较高。然而,中风患者的高 D-二聚体是否能提示并发癌症的诊断或癌症患者发生中风的证据尚不明确。我们采用系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目指南进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。我们检索了 PUBMED、Cochrane、ScienceDirect 和 Scopus 上截至 2023 年 6 月发表的可能符合条件的文章。所有审稿步骤均由两名审稿人独立迭代完成。对于病例对照和队列研究,我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表工具来评估纳入研究的质量;对于横断面研究,我们使用美国医疗保健研究与质量机构工具来评估纳入研究的质量。定性综述以叙述的方式呈现,定量综述则使用随机效应模型以森林图的形式呈现。I2超过60%被视为高度异质性。经过研究筛选,6 篇论文符合纳入定性和定量综述的条件。本系统综述共纳入 2651 例缺血性脑梗塞患者,其中 404 例(13.97%)患者患有活动性癌症,2247 例(86.02%)患者没有癌症。纳入的研究质量高,偏倚风险低。癌症中风患者的基线 D-二聚体水平明显高于非癌症患者,平均差值为 4.84 (3.07-6.60) P < 0.00001。D-二聚体是一种简单且成本相对较低的生物标志物,在患有癌症的中风患者中会明显升高,因此可作为一种工具,通过筛查预测中风患者是否患有活动性或隐匿性癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Importance of 1H-MR spectroscopy of the brain to identify the minimal hepatic encephalopathy in different patients with liver cirrhosis: A prospective study 脑部 1H-MR 光谱对识别不同肝硬化患者轻微肝性脑病的重要性:前瞻性研究
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_460_2023
Deb Kumar Boruah, Rebecca Marak, Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan, H. Mazumdar, S. Patgiri
Liver cirrhosis patients commonly progress to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with cognitive impairment and raised blood ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines levels. This study aims to identify the subjects of MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis by hydrogen 1 magnetic resonance (1H-MR) spectroscopy of the brain, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and neuropsychiatric tests.This prospective was carried out on 100 patients of liver cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and compared with 100 healthy controls in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India between September 2017 and October 2019. The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) neuropsychological tests, cranial MRIwith 1H-MR spectroscopy, and estimation of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were done. The PHES scores and serum proinflammatory markers levels were correlated with the conventional and 1H-MR spectroscopy findings of the brain.The mean PHES score in the case group was −7.58±3.43 (standard deviation [SD]) and the control group was −3.41 ± 3.87 (SD). Patients with Child-Pugh class A (n = 8) had a PHES score of −8.7 ± 2.5 (SD), class B (n = 42) −7.62 ± 3.7 (SD), and class C (n = 50) had a score of −7.36 ± 3.3 (SD). The mean value of IL-6 and TNF-α in the case group was 219 ± 180 (SD) pg/mL and 99 ± 118 (SD) pg/mL and the control group was 67.4 ± 77 (SD) pg/mL and 57.5 ± 76 (SD) pg/mL. Globus pallidus T1-weighted hyperintensities on the visibility scale with a visibility score of 0 were observed in 39 cases, a score of 1 in 38 cases, and a score of 2 in 23 cases. Increased glutamate/glutamine/creatine (Glx/Cr) ratio was identified in the case group on MR spectroscopy as compared to the control (0.95 ± 0.24 vs. 0.31 ± 0.19, P < 0.0005), a decrease of myoinositol/creatine (mI/Cr) ratio (0.11 ± 0.13 vs. 0.30 ± 0.12, P < 0.0005), and increase choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio (0.69 ± 0.26 vs. 0.61 ± 0.20, P < 0.0005). There was a statistically significant difference in Glx/Cr, mI/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between the case and control groups with P < 0.0005.Predicting the development of MHE in established cases of liver cirrhosis using non-invasive modalities like PHES, IL-6, TNF-α levels, and 1H-MR spectroscopy plays an important role in further progression to overt HE and coma.
肝硬化患者通常会发展为轻度肝性脑病(MHE),并伴有认知障碍、血氨和促炎细胞因子水平升高。本研究旨在通过脑部氢1磁共振(1H-MR)光谱、血清促炎细胞因子和神经精神测试来确定肝硬化患者中的MHE受试者。本前瞻性研究于2017年9月至2019年10月期间在印度东北部的一家三甲医院对100名无明显肝性脑病(HE)的肝硬化患者进行了研究,并与100名健康对照组进行了比较。研究人员进行了肝性脑病心理评分(PHES)神经心理学测试、头颅核磁共振成像(1H-MR spectroscopy)以及血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的估算。病例组的 PHES 评分和血清促炎标记物水平与脑部常规和 1H-MR 光谱检查结果相关。Child-Pugh分级A级患者(8人)的PHES评分为-8.7±2.5(标准差),B级患者(42人)的PHES评分为-7.62±3.7(标准差),C级患者(50人)的PHES评分为-7.36±3.3(标准差)。病例组 IL-6 和 TNF-α 的平均值分别为 219 ± 180(标清)pg/mL 和 99 ± 118(标清)pg/mL,对照组分别为 67.4 ± 77(标清)pg/mL 和 57.5 ± 76(标清)pg/mL。根据能见度量表,39 例观察到苍白球 T1 加权高密度,能见度为 0 分,38 例为 1 分,23 例为 2 分。与对照组相比,病例组在磁共振波谱上发现谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺/肌酸(Glx/Cr)比率增加(0.95 ± 0.24 vs. 0.31 ± 0.19,P < 0.0005),肌醇/肌酸(mI/Cr)比值降低(0.11 ± 0.13 vs. 0.30 ± 0.12,P < 0.0005),胆碱/肌酸(Cho/Cr)比值升高(0.69 ± 0.26 vs. 0.61 ± 0.20,P < 0.0005)。使用 PHES、IL-6、TNF-α 水平和 1H-MR 光谱等非侵入性方法预测已确诊肝硬化病例中 MHE 的发展对进一步发展为明显 HE 和昏迷具有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
A randomized controlled trial of nurse-led Brief Focused Intervention for patients with alcohol use-related mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency and casualty services of a tertiary hospital 在一家三级医院的急诊和伤员服务部门,针对与酗酒有关的轻度脑外伤患者,开展由护士主导的简短重点干预随机对照试验
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_381_2023
Rajitha Pavalur, P. Nattala, Arun Kandasamy, Dhaval P. Shukla
Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the leading causes of road traffic accidents in India. Individuals with acute injuries often present to emergency hospital services. Carrying out brief interventions in the emergency can prevent further injury and even progression to severe patterns of drinking. However, there are no known studies from India examining the effectiveness of such interventions in emergency settings. Against this background, the objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led Brief Focused Intervention (BFI) in comparison with the minimal intervention for patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) reporting to the emergency and casualty services of a tertiary hospital in Bengaluru, South India, who screened positive for alcohol use.The BFI comprised a video portraying the effects of alcohol on the brain and muscles and brief advice on how to reduce or avoid alcohol use. Subjects (N = 90) were randomly allocated to two groups: BFI (n = 45) or Minimal Intervention Group (MIG) (n = 45). Standardized tools were used to assess both groups on specific outcomes for up to six months following discharge from the emergency and casualty services. At the end of six months, complete data wasavailable for 73 patients.Participants’ (N = 73) mean age was 35 years (standard deviation [SD]-11). Over the six-month follow-up, the BFI group reported significantly lesser quantity of alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test [AUDIT] Score – 5.03, SD 4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.70, 6.35) compared to MIG (AUDIT Score – 9.76, SD 2.96, 95% CI = 8.73, 10.80), and fewer alcohol use-related problems in BFI group (Mean – 4.18, SD 3.21, 95% CI = 3.14, 5.22) compared to MIG (Mean – 5.88, SD 2.59, 95% CI = 4.98, 6.79). Results of logistic regression showed that being in MIG as well as baseline hazardous use of alcohol were associated with unfavorable outcomes at the end of six months follow-up.Findings provide the first known evidence from India for the effectiveness of nurse-led BFI in the emergency and casualty services in improving post-discharge outcomes for patients with alcohol use-related mild TBI. While the findings of the study are statistically significant, these findings also have significant clinical relevance, as they have shown that the BFI improved clinical outcomes. Thus, brief interventions should be implemented for these patients whenever possible in the Emergency setting.
在印度,酒后驾车是导致道路交通事故的主要原因之一。受急性损伤的人通常会到医院急诊就诊。在急诊中采取简短的干预措施可以防止进一步的伤害,甚至防止发展成严重的饮酒模式。然而,印度目前还没有对急诊环境下此类干预措施的有效性进行研究。在此背景下,本随机对照试验的目的是评估由护士主导的简短重点干预(BFI)与最低限度干预相比,对向印度南部班加罗尔一家三甲医院急诊和伤员服务部门报告的酒精使用呈阳性的轻度脑损伤(TBI)患者的效果。受试者(90 人)被随机分配到两组:BFI组(45人)或最小干预组(45人)。使用标准化工具对两组受试者从急诊和伤员服务机构出院后长达六个月的特定结果进行评估。6 个月结束时,73 名患者获得了完整的数据。参与者(N = 73)的平均年龄为 35 岁(标准差 [SD]-11)。在 6 个月的随访中,BFI 组的饮酒量(酒精使用障碍识别测试 [AUDIT] 得分 - 5.03,标准差 4.09,95% 置信区间 [CI] = 3.70,6.35)明显低于 MIG 组(AUDIT 得分 - 5.03,标准差 4.09,95% 置信区间 [CI] = 3.70,6.35)。与 MIG(AUDIT 分数 - 9.76,标度 2.96,95% 置信区间 = 8.73,10.80)相比,BFI 组的酒精使用相关问题较少(平均值 - 4.18,标度 3.21,95% 置信区间 = 3.14,5.22);与 MIG(平均值 - 5.88,标度 2.59,95% 置信区间 = 4.98,6.79)相比,BFI 组的酒精使用相关问题较少(平均值 - 5.88,标度 2.59,95% 置信区间 = 4.98,6.79)。逻辑回归结果表明,在六个月的随访结束时,处于 MIG 以及基线危险饮酒与不良后果相关。研究结果首次提供了印度已知的证据,证明在急诊和伤员服务中由护士主导的 BFI 能够有效改善与饮酒相关的轻度 TBI 患者出院后的预后。虽然研究结果具有统计学意义,但这些结果也具有重要的临床意义,因为研究结果表明,BFI 改善了临床治疗效果。因此,应尽可能在急诊环境中对这些患者实施简短干预。
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引用次数: 0
Cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum secondary to phenytoin toxicity 继发于苯妥英中毒的胼胝体细胞毒性病变
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_468_2023
Akhil Sahib, Amrita Gotur
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引用次数: 0
Tumefactive perivascular space of the anterior temporal lobe 颞叶前部的肿瘤活性血管周围空间
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_343_2023
Amit Agarwal, P. Vibhute
{"title":"Tumefactive perivascular space of the anterior temporal lobe","authors":"Amit Agarwal, P. Vibhute","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_343_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_343_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association between ApoE ε4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India 印度农村非痴呆者、中年人和老年人载脂蛋白E ε4基因型与注意力功能的关系
IF 1.4 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_272_2023
Pooja Rai, Jonas S. Sundarakumar, Nimisha Basavaraju, R. Kommaddi, T. Issac
Several genetic factors have been associated with cognitive decline in aging. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 has been widely studied in the risk for pathological cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the association between ApoE ε4 and cognitive functioning in the healthy aging Indian population has been understudied, and the results are ambiguous.This study aims to examine the role of the ApoE genotype with attentional function in aging adults (≥45 years) in a rural Indian population. Cross-sectional (baseline) data (n = 2100) was utilized from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study on aging (Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence, and Cognition study). Participants hailed from villages of Srinivaspura in Karnataka, southern India. Participants were categorized based on ApoE-ε4 status into three categories: No ε4, heterozygous ε4, and homozygous ε4. Attentional function was assessed using the auditory and visual attention subtests from a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression was performed adjusting for age, gender, and education.In model 1 (unadjusted), we did not find an association between ApoE and attention function. In the partially adjusted model 2 (adjusting for age), ApoE ε4 with age was significantly associated with the attention function. Further, with increasing age, there was a decline in attention among homozygous ε4 individuals. Model 3 (model 2 + gender) found that ApoE ε4, age, and gender explained a significant variance in attention function. In addition, with increasing age, males had poor attention in the homozygous as compared to heterozygous group. Model 4 (model 3+ education) explained a significant variance in attention and also revealed that with increasing age, attention declined in the illiterate and low literacy groups in both homozygous and heterozygous groups among both genders.Although ApoE ε4 alone was not associated, it interacted with age, gender, and education to affect attention function in this rural Indian population. Longitudinal cognitive monitoring will yield insights into understanding whether the ApoE ε4 genotype influences the rate of cognitive decline in this rural, aging population.
有几种遗传因素与老年认知能力下降有关。载脂蛋白 E(载脂蛋白 E)ε4 与包括痴呆症在内的病理认知能力衰退风险的关系已被广泛研究。本研究旨在研究印度农村人口中的载脂蛋白 E 基因型与老年人(≥45 岁)的注意力功能之间的关系。横断面(基线)数据(n = 2100)来自一项正在进行的老龄化纵向队列研究(Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence, and Cognition study)。参与者来自印度南部卡纳塔克邦斯里尼瓦斯普拉的村庄。根据载脂蛋白E-ε4的状态将参与者分为三类:无ε4、杂合子ε4和同合子ε4。注意力功能通过计算机化神经认知测试中的听觉和视觉注意力子测试进行评估。在模型1(未调整)中,我们没有发现载脂蛋白E与注意力功能之间的关系。在部分调整后的模型 2(调整年龄)中,载脂蛋白E ε4与年龄的关系与注意力功能显著相关。此外,随着年龄的增长,同卵ε4个体的注意力下降。模型 3(模型 2 + 性别)发现,载脂蛋白 E ε4、年龄和性别解释了注意力功能的显著差异。此外,随着年龄的增长,与杂合子组相比,同合子组男性的注意力较差。模型4(模型3+教育程度)解释了注意力的显著差异,还显示随着年龄的增长,在同卵和杂合子组中,文盲和低文化程度组的男女注意力都有所下降。对认知能力的纵向监测将有助于了解载脂蛋白E ε4基因型是否会影响这一农村老龄人口的认知能力衰退速度。
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Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
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