Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.283
MN Amroun, A. Kacha, K. Salim, M. Khadraoui
Mixed thin films (SnS2)x(CdS)1-x with various x compositions (x=1, 0.8, 0.2, 0) have been synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 350°C. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Tin chloride (SnCl2), and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) were used as starting chemicals at different compositions. The chemical binding state of the deposited thin films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS studies indicate the formation of the single phase of CdS and SnS2 thin films and mixed-phase (SnS2)x (CdS)1-x for x=0.8 and x=0.2. Four components of oxygen change in chemical states which are different in BE have been distinguished and studied in the O 1s spectrum. The optical expected absorption capacity and photocurrent (jph) depend on x concentration.
{"title":"Photovoltaic Properties and Surface Analysis of Mixed (SnS2)x (CdS)1-x Thin Films by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)","authors":"MN Amroun, A. Kacha, K. Salim, M. Khadraoui","doi":"10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.283","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed thin films (SnS2)x(CdS)1-x with various x compositions (x=1, 0.8, 0.2, 0) have been synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 350°C. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Tin chloride (SnCl2), and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) were used as starting chemicals at different compositions. The chemical binding state of the deposited thin films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS studies indicate the formation of the single phase of CdS and SnS2 thin films and mixed-phase (SnS2)x (CdS)1-x for x=0.8 and x=0.2. Four components of oxygen change in chemical states which are different in BE have been distinguished and studied in the O 1s spectrum. The optical expected absorption capacity and photocurrent (jph) depend on x concentration.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83754690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.280
Sougata Ghosh, E. Mostafavi, Ada Vernet-Crua, T. Webster
The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)) that emerged in Wuhan, China is alarming due to its rapid spread to 203 countries and territories by April 2020. To date, 14,909,279 individuals have been infected which has claimed 614471 lives. Although originating in animals, the virus has adapted a human-to-human mode of transmission presently which has challenged all existing antiviral therapies. Unfortunately, no drug or vaccine has yet been approved to treat COVID-19 because available therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotide-based therapies, peptides, interferon therapies and small-molecule drugs might not effectively target the virus and take too long to develop. Hence, it is likely that it will take at least a year before treatment (e.g., a vaccine) becomes available, which is distressing. Herein, we present the first nanoscale alternatives (including one of the most successful nanomedicines developed by Moderna) for the effective control and containment of COVID-19 considering the urgency of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
{"title":"Nanomaterial Approaches for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19: A Paradigm Shift","authors":"Sougata Ghosh, E. Mostafavi, Ada Vernet-Crua, T. Webster","doi":"10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.280","url":null,"abstract":"The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)) that emerged in Wuhan, China is alarming due to its rapid spread to 203 countries and territories by April 2020. To date, 14,909,279 individuals have been infected which has claimed 614471 lives. Although originating in animals, the virus has adapted a human-to-human mode of transmission presently which has challenged all existing antiviral therapies. Unfortunately, no drug or vaccine has yet been approved to treat COVID-19 because available therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotide-based therapies, peptides, interferon therapies and small-molecule drugs might not effectively target the virus and take too long to develop. Hence, it is likely that it will take at least a year before treatment (e.g., a vaccine) becomes available, which is distressing. Herein, we present the first nanoscale alternatives (including one of the most successful nanomedicines developed by Moderna) for the effective control and containment of COVID-19 considering the urgency of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83441614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.282
H. Etta, Onime Abuh Ogboaka
A nano-biotechnology investigation of the body weight changes and serum IgE levels of wistar Albino rats exposed to Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) particles was carried out, in an attempt to proffer a safe nano-organic rat repellent to eradicate or control the Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria and other endemic West African countries. Body weights of rats were measured before and after exposure to graded doses of C. anuum aroma. The wistar Albino rats were randomly placed into four different groups consisting of the control (0%) (A) and exposed groups of 10% (B), 50% (C) and 100% (D) pepper particles in solution. The rats were exposed to cotton balls soaked in the Chili pepper nano-solution for 10 days. At the end of which blood samples of the exposed rats and control were collected for the Radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mean body weights of the exposed rats were significantly (p<0.05) different from that of the control rats. Mean body weights (in grams) before treatment were as follows: groups A (34.75 ± 8.421), B (282.25 ± 5.852), C (304.75 ± 9.179) and D (332.00 ± 13.115) while mean body weights (in grams) after treatment were A (275.50 ± 18.193), B (256.00 ± 6.481), C (279.25 ± 10.404) and D (306.00 ± 7.257). Serum IgE levels after exposure were 13.200 mg/ml ± 0.56 mg/ml, 16.1500 mg/ml ± 0.35 mg/ml and 19.500 mg/ml ± 0.42 mg/ml for exposed groups B, C and D respectively, values significantly (p<0.05) higher than the mean value of serum IgE in the control rats (9.90 mg/ml ± 0.20 mg/ml). The loss of body weight and raised serum IgE levels after exposure to Chili pepper nanoparticles, are indications that Chili pepper may have triggered allergenic reactions in the Albino rats, and could be harnessed in part or wholly as a control measure in the fight against the Lassa fever endemic ravaging communities in Nigeria and other West African countries.
{"title":"Body Weight and Serum IgE Levels in Wistar Albino Rats Exposed to Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"H. Etta, Onime Abuh Ogboaka","doi":"10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/JNMN.2020.9.4.282","url":null,"abstract":"A nano-biotechnology investigation of the body weight changes and serum IgE levels of wistar Albino rats exposed to Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) particles was carried out, in an attempt to proffer a safe nano-organic rat repellent to eradicate or control the Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria and other endemic West African countries. Body weights of rats were measured before and after exposure to graded doses of C. anuum aroma. The wistar Albino rats were randomly placed into four different groups consisting of the control (0%) (A) and exposed groups of 10% (B), 50% (C) and 100% (D) pepper particles in solution. The rats were exposed to cotton balls soaked in the Chili pepper nano-solution for 10 days. At the end of which blood samples of the exposed rats and control were collected for the Radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mean body weights of the exposed rats were significantly (p<0.05) different from that of the control rats. Mean body weights (in grams) before treatment were as follows: groups A (34.75 ± 8.421), B (282.25 ± 5.852), C (304.75 ± 9.179) and D (332.00 ± 13.115) while mean body weights (in grams) after treatment were A (275.50 ± 18.193), B (256.00 ± 6.481), C (279.25 ± 10.404) and D (306.00 ± 7.257). Serum IgE levels after exposure were 13.200 mg/ml ± 0.56 mg/ml, 16.1500 mg/ml ± 0.35 mg/ml and 19.500 mg/ml ± 0.42 mg/ml for exposed groups B, C and D respectively, values significantly (p<0.05) higher than the mean value of serum IgE in the control rats (9.90 mg/ml ± 0.20 mg/ml). The loss of body weight and raised serum IgE levels after exposure to Chili pepper nanoparticles, are indications that Chili pepper may have triggered allergenic reactions in the Albino rats, and could be harnessed in part or wholly as a control measure in the fight against the Lassa fever endemic ravaging communities in Nigeria and other West African countries.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-05DOI: 10.4172/JNMN.2020.9(3).279
Reetika Malhotra
Copper nanoparticles have a high tendency for oxidation. They are extremely sensitive to air, and the oxide phases are thermodynamically more stable. Thus, in order to minimize the oxidation and to control the growth of crystals, copper nanoparticles are usually protected with a capping agent. In these images, the copper nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction process using copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate as precursor salt and starch as capping agent. The preparation method started with addition of 0.1 M copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate solution into 120 ml of starch (1.2%) solution with vigorous stirring for 30 minutes. In the second step, 50 ml of 0.2 M ascorbic acid solution was added to synthesize solution under continuous rapid stirring. Subsequently, 30 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added to the prepared solution with constant stirring and heating at 80°C for two hours.
{"title":"Colour Changes Associated with the Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Reetika Malhotra","doi":"10.4172/JNMN.2020.9(3).279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JNMN.2020.9(3).279","url":null,"abstract":"Copper nanoparticles have a high tendency for oxidation. They are extremely sensitive to air, and the oxide phases are thermodynamically more stable. Thus, in order to minimize the oxidation and to control the growth of crystals, copper nanoparticles are usually protected with a capping agent. In these images, the copper nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction process using copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate as precursor salt and starch as capping agent. The preparation method started with addition of 0.1 M copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate solution into 120 ml of starch (1.2%) solution with vigorous stirring for 30 minutes. In the second step, 50 ml of 0.2 M ascorbic acid solution was added to synthesize solution under continuous rapid stirring. Subsequently, 30 ml of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added to the prepared solution with constant stirring and heating at 80°C for two hours.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85418097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000281
Idris Al Ismaili
House printer innovation is one of the most important technologies that would bring to humanity a countless number of benefits represented in obtaining a dignified affordable house with the least cost and within no time. The traditional methods used to build a house are inefficient, the project carries high significance to our country Oman where the construction industry suffers from many problems whether it is the poor productivity levels or the shortage in skilled laborers in addition to other major concerns. The project aims to demonstrate the idea of house printing by developing a prototype that can be used to print a concrete layer by layer to form basic structure similar to a small-scale house. The group has come with a detailed design of the prototype that will be implemented and used to demonstrate the technology. 3D Printing Technology (FDM) 3D Printing using a solid material can be done in various ways. A frequently used method is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The respective material is heated to just above its melting point by a heating element (liquefier) contained in an extrusion head and is deposited in semiliquid form, layer by layer onto a build platform. Support material can also be used which has a separate nozzle to print a removable material in order to support overhangs and particularly thin sections of the model. This support material is removed after completion, leaving the intended 3D model behind (Cooper, 2001). House 3D printers use extrusion technology. Some models’ appearance can be compared with super-sized desktop FFF/FDM 3D printers, whereas others consist of a rotating mechanical arm. Paste-type components, such as concrete or earth, are used as filament. Material is pushed out of a special nozzle to form layers, designing the foundations and walls of the house or building. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is an additive manufacturing process that belongs to the material extrusion family. In FDM, an object is built by selectively depositing melted material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. The materials used are thermoplastic polymers and come in a filament form. FDM is the most widely used 3D Printing technology: it represents the largest installed base of 3D printers globally and is often the first technology people are exposed to. In this article, the basic principles and the key aspects of the technology are presented.
{"title":"Design and Development of 3D House Printer","authors":"Idris Al Ismaili","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"House printer innovation is one of the most important technologies that would bring to humanity a countless number of benefits represented in obtaining a dignified affordable house with the least cost and within no time. The traditional methods used to build a house are inefficient, the project carries high significance to our country Oman where the construction industry suffers from many problems whether it is the poor productivity levels or the shortage in skilled laborers in addition to other major concerns. The project aims to demonstrate the idea of house printing by developing a prototype that can be used to print a concrete layer by layer to form basic structure similar to a small-scale house. The group has come with a detailed design of the prototype that will be implemented and used to demonstrate the technology. 3D Printing Technology (FDM) 3D Printing using a solid material can be done in various ways. A frequently used method is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The respective material is heated to just above its melting point by a heating element (liquefier) contained in an extrusion head and is deposited in semiliquid form, layer by layer onto a build platform. Support material can also be used which has a separate nozzle to print a removable material in order to support overhangs and particularly thin sections of the model. This support material is removed after completion, leaving the intended 3D model behind (Cooper, 2001). House 3D printers use extrusion technology. Some models’ appearance can be compared with super-sized desktop FFF/FDM 3D printers, whereas others consist of a rotating mechanical arm. Paste-type components, such as concrete or earth, are used as filament. Material is pushed out of a special nozzle to form layers, designing the foundations and walls of the house or building. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is an additive manufacturing process that belongs to the material extrusion family. In FDM, an object is built by selectively depositing melted material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. The materials used are thermoplastic polymers and come in a filament form. FDM is the most widely used 3D Printing technology: it represents the largest installed base of 3D printers globally and is often the first technology people are exposed to. In this article, the basic principles and the key aspects of the technology are presented.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87273981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000274
A. Alswieleh
Ellman's reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) is found to be a sensitive tool for the assay of thiol groups. DTNB reacts with aliphatic thiols to form fluorescent derivative “2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (TNB−)”. In this work, Ellman's reagent was used to determine mercapto groups modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs). Mesoporous silica materials were prepared with a pore size of 5-6 nm, high surface area ca. 930 m2/g and a large pore volume of 1.3 cm3/g. MSNs were fabricated with 3-mercaptopropyl groups in both inner and outer surfaces. Such materials were reacted with DTNB in PBS solution to determine the concentration of 2-nitro5-thiobenzoate (TNB−) by colorimetric method. The concentration of thiol groups in the outer surface was estimated to be ca. 0.02 mmol/g, while the total amount of mercapto groups coated outer/inner surfaces was calculated to be ca. 0.11 mmol/g. The results indicate that thiol groups in the inner surface Fare almost five times higher than the outer surface.
{"title":"Quantitative Determination of Thiol Groups Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles by Ellman’s Reagent","authors":"A. Alswieleh","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000274","url":null,"abstract":"Ellman's reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) is found to be a sensitive tool for the assay of thiol groups. DTNB reacts with aliphatic thiols to form fluorescent derivative “2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (TNB−)”. In this work, Ellman's reagent was used to determine mercapto groups modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs). Mesoporous silica materials were prepared with a pore size of 5-6 nm, high surface area ca. 930 m2/g and a large pore volume of 1.3 cm3/g. MSNs were fabricated with 3-mercaptopropyl groups in both inner and outer surfaces. Such materials were reacted with DTNB in PBS solution to determine the concentration of 2-nitro5-thiobenzoate (TNB−) by colorimetric method. The concentration of thiol groups in the outer surface was estimated to be ca. \u0000 0.02 mmol/g, while the total amount of mercapto groups coated outer/inner surfaces was calculated to be ca. 0.11 mmol/g. The results indicate that thiol groups in the inner surface Fare almost five times higher than the outer surface.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75216184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000273
P. Tanwar, Shivangi, L. Meena
We are facing a tremendous need to develop anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs due to extreme rise in incidence and mortal cases of this disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent behind this malady have attained the drug-resistant characteristic by adding mutation at its genetic level and modifying their metabolic pathways. An important metabolic pathway employed in the bacterium is cholesterol metabolic pathway. Cholesterol is needed by the bacterium for attachment, entry, as a major nutrient source, persistence, and infection in the host. Manifold roles of cholesterol in M. tuberculosis making it an important mark to target the survival and virulence of the bacterium. Genetic regulation of cholesterol metabolism is a complex phenomenon. This review emphasizes the close and quick view towards cholesterol metabolism in M. tuberculosis and nanotechnology strategies to target this pathway. Targeting this pathway with specific biomarker designed nanoparticles loaded with anti-cholesterol drugs (Azasteroid, steroid, econazole, etc.) might be a better way of treatment. Antituberculosis drugs that could target their specific enzymes could lead to hindrance in uptake and degradation of this lipid and thus lead to nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites which may ultimately lead to bacterial death.
{"title":"Cholesterol Metabolism: As a Promising Target Candidate for Tuberculosis Treatment by Nanomedicine","authors":"P. Tanwar, Shivangi, L. Meena","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000273","url":null,"abstract":"We are facing a tremendous need to develop anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs due to extreme rise in incidence and mortal cases of this disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent behind this malady have attained the drug-resistant characteristic by adding mutation at its genetic level and modifying their metabolic pathways. An important metabolic pathway employed in the bacterium is cholesterol metabolic pathway. Cholesterol is needed by the bacterium for attachment, entry, as a major nutrient source, persistence, and infection in the host. Manifold roles of cholesterol in M. tuberculosis making it an important mark to target the survival and virulence of the bacterium. Genetic regulation of cholesterol metabolism is a complex phenomenon. This review emphasizes the close and quick view towards cholesterol metabolism in M. tuberculosis and nanotechnology strategies to target this pathway. Targeting this pathway with specific biomarker designed nanoparticles loaded with anti-cholesterol drugs (Azasteroid, steroid, econazole, etc.) might be a better way of treatment. Antituberculosis drugs that could target their specific enzymes could lead to hindrance in uptake and degradation of this lipid and thus lead to nutrient depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites which may ultimately lead to bacterial death.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"211 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76503251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000271
P. Kuzmanov, А. Velikov, R. Dimitrova, A. Cherepanov, Manolov
A study of the cast alloy A356, modified by various types of nanoparticles has been carried out. SiC, AlN, TiN, clad by Cu, Ag and Al have been used. The cladding has been done by the following methods: currentless chemical method, extrusion of a composite rod, tableting and mechanical-chemical treatment in a planetary mill. The obtained nanocompositions (NCs) have been introduced into the crucible of the furnace. Homogenization has been conducted after that by using an impeller. The samples have been cast in thin-walled steel containers. The non-stationary temperature has been measured during cooling and crystallization. Data about the dependencies of the temperature on time have been obtained and the magnitude of overcooling for the cases with and without NCs has been determined. It has been established for the samples with NCs, decreasing of the overcooling and grain refinement, with an average diameter of the α-grains decreasing from 21% to 60%. For the sample, modified by NC, SDAS (Secondary Dendrite Arms Spacing) decreases by about 14%, while the micro-hardness increases by 7.7%, compared to the unmodified sample. These studies reveal new information about the influence of the NCs on the process of crystallization of А356 alloy.
{"title":"Study of the Influence of Modification by Nanocompositions both on the Process of Crystallization and on the Structure of Aluminum Alloy AlSi7Mg","authors":"P. Kuzmanov, А. Velikov, R. Dimitrova, A. Cherepanov, Manolov","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the cast alloy A356, modified by various types of nanoparticles has been carried out. SiC, AlN, TiN, clad by Cu, Ag and Al have been used. The cladding has been done by the following methods: currentless chemical method, extrusion of a composite rod, tableting and mechanical-chemical treatment in a planetary mill. The obtained nanocompositions (NCs) have been introduced into the crucible of the furnace. Homogenization has been conducted after that by using an impeller. The samples have been cast in thin-walled steel containers. The non-stationary temperature has been measured during cooling and crystallization. Data about the dependencies of the temperature on time have been obtained and the magnitude of overcooling for the cases with and without NCs has been determined. It has been established for the samples with NCs, decreasing of the overcooling and grain refinement, with an average diameter of the α-grains decreasing from 21% to 60%. For the sample, modified by NC, SDAS (Secondary Dendrite Arms Spacing) decreases by about 14%, while the micro-hardness increases by 7.7%, compared to the unmodified sample. These studies reveal new information about the influence of the NCs on the process of crystallization of А356 alloy.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87777577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-11DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000270
J. Cary, F. Pierson, A. Whittington
Objective: The double desolvation technique has been used to encapsulate small, hydrophilic drugs with protein affinity in gelatin nanoparticles for many years. Expanding the types of materials that can be encapsulated would allow the double desolvation method to be used for a wider range of biomedical applications, including biological delivery. Methods: Here, we use the double desolvation technique to encapsulate two different sizes of polystyrene beads as a first step toward encapsulating biologics like viruses and nucleic acids of similar size, shape, zeta potential, and functional groups in a new delivery system. Drug delivery systems that are easy to produce and customizable to different biomedical applications are in demand. With these parameters in mind, we created a simple gelatin nanoparticle encapsulation system with the potential for chemical modification for targeting purposes and encapsulation of different materials. Results: Matching the encapsulation material to the size and shape of the empty nanoparticles resulted in encapsulated nanoparticles of ideal narrow size distribution with stable storage parameters at room temperature over a 1-month period in distilled water. Additionally, the encapsulation system was shown to be most stable at pH 3-4 compared to other physiological pH ranges. Transmission electron microscopy verified the size ranges found using dynamic light scattering and revealed the inert material was encapsulated, partially encapsulated, and non-encapsulated nanoparticles in each formulation. Conclusion: This matched encapsulation material fabrication method may decrease the need for additional filtration after biologics are added and the encapsulation range would be ideal for sustained biologic release over time.
{"title":"Simple and Customizable Gelatin Nanoparticle Encapsulation System for Biomedical Applications","authors":"J. Cary, F. Pierson, A. Whittington","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The double desolvation technique has been used to encapsulate small, hydrophilic drugs with protein affinity in gelatin nanoparticles for many years. Expanding the types of materials that can be encapsulated would allow the double desolvation method to be used for a wider range of biomedical applications, including biological delivery. Methods: Here, we use the double desolvation technique to encapsulate two different sizes of polystyrene beads as a first step toward encapsulating biologics like viruses and nucleic acids of similar size, shape, zeta potential, and functional groups in a new delivery system. Drug delivery systems that are easy to produce and customizable to different biomedical applications are in demand. With these parameters in mind, we created a simple gelatin nanoparticle encapsulation system with the potential for chemical modification for targeting purposes and encapsulation of different materials. Results: Matching the encapsulation material to the size and shape of the empty nanoparticles resulted in encapsulated nanoparticles of ideal narrow size distribution with stable storage parameters at room temperature over a 1-month period in distilled water. Additionally, the encapsulation system was shown to be most stable at pH 3-4 compared to other physiological pH ranges. Transmission electron microscopy verified the size ranges found using dynamic light scattering and revealed the inert material was encapsulated, partially encapsulated, and non-encapsulated nanoparticles in each formulation. Conclusion: This matched encapsulation material fabrication method may decrease the need for additional filtration after biologics are added and the encapsulation range would be ideal for sustained biologic release over time.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86590611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000269
I. Ahmad, H. U. Khan, Rahim Jan
The effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the self-assembly and phase separation of nanorods and nanospheres is investigated. Such deposits of rod-sphere mixture on SiO2 surface, dried during ultrasonic vibrations, are compared with static nanoparticle deposits. Phaseseparation at various positions of the coffee-stain ring for both of the cases is evaluated. The ensuing phase separation under ultrasonic agitation is found more noticeable than the one ensemble through static drying. Also, shape separated nanoparticle deposits are studied at various positions of the coffee-stain ring and discuss in relation with steric interaction.
{"title":"Contrast of Ultrasonic Assisted Phase-Separation of RodSphere Mixture with Static Deposits in a Coffee-Stain Rin","authors":"I. Ahmad, H. U. Khan, Rahim Jan","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000269","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the self-assembly and phase separation of nanorods and nanospheres is investigated. Such deposits of rod-sphere mixture on SiO2 surface, dried during ultrasonic vibrations, are compared with static nanoparticle deposits. Phaseseparation at various positions of the coffee-stain ring for both of the cases is evaluated. The ensuing phase separation under ultrasonic agitation is found more noticeable than the one ensemble through static drying. Also, shape separated nanoparticle deposits are studied at various positions of the coffee-stain ring and discuss in relation with steric interaction.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88063104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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