Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000240
A. Mallaiah, G. N. Swamy, K. Padmapriya
In computerized PCs number of arithmetic operations, the comparator is the vital equipment unit, composed of CMOS innovation. Another procedure named as Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) will supplant the CMOS outlines, having leverage concerning zone, control utilization, and latency. The primary QCA circuits planned with the inverter and majority voter entryways. In this paper, we utilize the clocking method 180o out of phase clock hybrid to outline the 1-bit comparator and contrast and the current outcomes. The new proposed wire crossing plan lessens the quantity of cells required to configuration, power and area necessities. Besides, we planned 2-bit comparator with 11 number of majority voters, 2 number of crossovers with 0.38 um^2 area, 203 number of cells. The designed 1-bit comparator contrast and the past outcomes where cells, region, defer demonstrates 53.57%, 50%, 33.32% improvement respectively.
{"title":"1-bit and 2-bit Comparator Designs and Analyses for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","authors":"A. Mallaiah, G. N. Swamy, K. Padmapriya","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000240","url":null,"abstract":"In computerized PCs number of arithmetic operations, the comparator is the vital equipment unit, composed of CMOS innovation. Another procedure named as Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) will supplant the CMOS outlines, having leverage concerning zone, control utilization, and latency. The primary QCA circuits planned with the inverter and majority voter entryways. In this paper, we utilize the clocking method 180o out of phase clock hybrid to outline the 1-bit comparator and contrast and the current outcomes. The new proposed wire crossing plan lessens the quantity of cells required to configuration, power and area necessities. Besides, we planned 2-bit comparator with 11 number of majority voters, 2 number of crossovers with 0.38 um^2 area, 203 number of cells. The designed 1-bit comparator contrast and the past outcomes where cells, region, defer demonstrates 53.57%, 50%, 33.32% improvement respectively.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000243
S. Jani, Sudeesh, J. Nehra, N. Lakshmi, R. Brajpuriya
FeAl nanosystems had been prepared by means of high energy ball milling for 5, 15, and 20 h in air environment to observe mechanochemical reactions with atmospheric oxygen and its effect on bulk magnetic properties. The detailed analysis of the corresponding magnetic properties of oxidized Fe-Al powders was carried out by means of two complementary techniques: vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Mossbauer spectroscopy. At 8 nm particle size, along with bcc Fe/Al peaks, the traces of the Fe-O, Fe2O3 phases also have been observed. The large differences in values of bulk magnetic properties can be ascribed to the presence of nonmagnetic Fe oxides at different levels which deteriorates bulk magnetization (i.e>70% of an unmilled) of the prepared nanosystems effectively.
采用高能球磨法制备FeAl纳米体系，在空气环境中分别处理5、15和20 h，观察其与大气氧的力学化学反应及其对体磁性能的影响。利用振动样品磁强计和穆斯堡尔谱两种互补技术对氧化Fe-Al粉末的相应磁性能进行了详细分析。在8 nm粒径处，随着bcc Fe/Al峰的出现，还观察到Fe- o, Fe2O3相的痕迹。体磁性能值的巨大差异可归因于不同水平的非磁性铁氧化物的存在，这有效地降低了所制备纳米系统的体磁化强度(即未研磨的70%)。
{"title":"Contamination from the Milling Atmosphere and its Effect on Magnetic Properties of Fe/Al Nanopowders","authors":"S. Jani, Sudeesh, J. Nehra, N. Lakshmi, R. Brajpuriya","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"FeAl nanosystems had been prepared by means of high energy ball milling for 5, 15, and 20 h in air environment to observe mechanochemical reactions with atmospheric oxygen and its effect on bulk magnetic properties. The detailed analysis of the corresponding magnetic properties of oxidized Fe-Al powders was carried out by means of two complementary techniques: vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Mossbauer spectroscopy. At 8 nm particle size, along with bcc Fe/Al peaks, the traces of the Fe-O, Fe2O3 phases also have been observed. The large differences in values of bulk magnetic properties can be ascribed to the presence of nonmagnetic Fe oxides at different levels which deteriorates bulk magnetization (i.e>70% of an unmilled) of the prepared nanosystems effectively.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90320166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000245
S. Kiprotich, M. Onani, Muzi O. Ndw, we, F. Dejene
Water-soluble cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using L-cystine as a capping agent. The reaction was carried out under basic conditions (at pH=11) and refluxed at 100oC for 1 h. In this work, different tellurium (Te) concentrations in the solution of L-cystine functionalized CdTe NPs were prepared at low temperature of 100oC and discussion of its effect was done in detail. The CdTe NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Structural parameters estimated by XRD revealed cubic phase of CdTe at lower Te concentrations and hexagonal phase of Te emerging at higher Te concentration. XRD results showed that the NPs consisted of small CdTe nanocrystallites, 3.1-4.5 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the samples and was found that it varied with different Te concentration in the aqueous solution. They consisted of spherical, rod-like and blade-like type of morphologies. The absorption thresholds of the CdTe NPs were red shifted when Te concentration was increased, due to the quantum confinement effects displayed by nanocrystalline CdTe NPs. Optical band gap energy estimated showed a decrease with an increase in the amounts of Te present while the band emissions observed in the PL spectra of CdTe NPs red shifted from 536-559 nm upon an increase in Te ratio. The PL full width at half maximum increased from 49-60 nm with increase in Cd:Te from 1:0.1 to 1:1 displaying narrow size distribution of the NPs. Highest PL intensity was realized for a 1:0.4 Cd:Te molar ratio which is an indication of improved crystallinity.
{"title":"Effect of Tellurium Concentration of the Solution on the Structural, Optical and Luminescence Properties of Cadmium Telluride Nanoparticles","authors":"S. Kiprotich, M. Onani, Muzi O. Ndw, we, F. Dejene","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"Water-soluble cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using L-cystine as a capping agent. The reaction was carried out under basic conditions (at pH=11) and refluxed at 100oC for 1 h. In this work, different tellurium (Te) concentrations in the solution of L-cystine functionalized CdTe NPs were prepared at low temperature of 100oC and discussion of its effect was done in detail. The CdTe NPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Structural parameters estimated by XRD revealed cubic phase of CdTe at lower Te concentrations and hexagonal phase of Te emerging at higher Te concentration. XRD results showed that the NPs consisted of small CdTe nanocrystallites, 3.1-4.5 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology of the samples and was found that it varied with different Te concentration in the aqueous solution. They consisted of spherical, rod-like and blade-like type of morphologies. The absorption thresholds of the CdTe NPs were red shifted when Te concentration was increased, due to the quantum confinement effects displayed by nanocrystalline CdTe NPs. Optical band gap energy estimated showed a decrease with an increase in the amounts of Te present while the band emissions observed in the PL spectra of CdTe NPs red shifted from 536-559 nm upon an increase in Te ratio. The PL full width at half maximum increased from 49-60 nm with increase in Cd:Te from 1:0.1 to 1:1 displaying narrow size distribution of the NPs. Highest PL intensity was realized for a 1:0.4 Cd:Te molar ratio which is an indication of improved crystallinity.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82356490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000242
Abdulkarem Al-ofairi, Sundus Al Marsumi
Objective: Synthesis and characterization of bismuth indium oxide (Bi60In2O93) nanoparticles and their evaluation as new visible lightsensitive photocatalysts. Methods: Synthesis was achieved using a simple hydrothermal method at low temperature and the crystal structures and morphology of the prepared Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Optical properties of the nanoparticles were measured by UV-visible spectroscopy and photocatalytic activity was tested by measuring their effects on rhodamine-B degradation under UVvisible and visible light. Results: The prepared samples had high crystallinity and were tetragonal. Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles exhibited strong photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight. Nanoparticles prepared from a Bi:In mole ratio of 12:1 had the smallest size (~75 nm in diameter) and were the most uniform with good spherical morphology. These particles showed the strongest photocatalytic activity, including activity in the visible region. The possible mechanism for activity enhancement of Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles compared with Bi2O3 was investigated. The enhanced degradation of rhodamine-B, which is promoted by dye sensitization, is related to the higher crystallinity, unique tunnel structure, narrower band gap and special electron structure of the Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles. Conclusion: Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles show good promise as visible light-sensitive photocatalysts and for semiconductor development.
{"title":"Bi60In2O93 Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Activity Investigation","authors":"Abdulkarem Al-ofairi, Sundus Al Marsumi","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000242","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Synthesis and characterization of bismuth indium oxide (Bi60In2O93) nanoparticles and their evaluation as new visible lightsensitive photocatalysts. \u0000Methods: Synthesis was achieved using a simple hydrothermal method at low temperature and the crystal structures and morphology of the prepared Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Optical properties of the nanoparticles were measured by UV-visible spectroscopy and photocatalytic activity was tested by measuring their effects on rhodamine-B degradation under UVvisible and visible light. \u0000Results: The prepared samples had high crystallinity and were tetragonal. Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles exhibited strong photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight. Nanoparticles prepared from a Bi:In mole ratio of 12:1 had the smallest size (~75 nm in diameter) and were the most uniform with good spherical morphology. These particles showed the strongest photocatalytic activity, including activity in the visible region. The possible mechanism for activity enhancement of Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles compared with Bi2O3 was investigated. The enhanced degradation of rhodamine-B, which is promoted by dye sensitization, is related to the higher crystallinity, unique tunnel structure, narrower band gap and special electron structure of the Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles. \u0000Conclusion: Bi60In2O93 nanoparticles show good promise as visible light-sensitive photocatalysts and for semiconductor development.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79269067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000244
Rajapakshe Rbsd, Thennakoon Ca, Zajid Ama, Rajapakse Rmg, S. Rajapakse
With the intricate day-to-day lives of the modern people, simple and time-efficient accessories are always needed to make their daily routine more convenient and comfortable. When it comes to the garment materials, it would be particularly important to have low energy and less time consuming ways to turn them cleaner. Herein, this work has introduced a novel method to manufacture multi-functional textiles, possessing antimicrobial, self-cleaning and super-hydrophobic properties via a nano-technological approach. Titanium dioxide nano-rods and Zinc oxide nanoparticles together with self-assembled stearic acid molecules had been used as the nano-technological components to give these multi-functional properties for cotton fabric. The method was very simple and low cost, which makes it up-scalable and reliable in the industrial avenue. In order to characterize those nanomaterials, X-Ray diffractometry, X-Ray Fluoresce, Scanning Electron microscopy, UVVisible spectroscopy and FT-IR methods were used. Conventional microbiological methods were used to investigate their antimicrobial properties. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to test the antimicrobial property as they represent, respectively, Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria. The water contact angles were measured with optical imaging to determine the super-hydrophobicity. As a photo-catalyst, TiO2 nano-structures has an excellent ability to digest many organic substances by making reactive oxygen species produced by excited electrons in the conduction band and through highly oxidizing holes remaining in the valence band. ZnO nanoparticles also act in a similar manner through photo-catalysis and kill the microbial cells by destroying the organic components in the cell membrane. The protrude-like structures of these modified ZnO nano-structures can penetrate the bacterial cells and destroy them even in the dark. Likewise, the entire system made a better platform to turn a regular textile material into a super-hydrophobic, self-cleaning and anti-microbial fabric with a simple modification. As such, these textiles were capable of performing multiple functions due to this surface modification without losing its typical properties such as comfort for wear and hand feel.
{"title":"Multi-Functional Cotton Fabrics with Self-Assembled TiO2 Nanoparticle Seed/TiO2 Nanorod/ZnO Nanoparticle/ Stearic Acid Nanotechnological Architectures","authors":"Rajapakshe Rbsd, Thennakoon Ca, Zajid Ama, Rajapakse Rmg, S. Rajapakse","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"With the intricate day-to-day lives of the modern people, simple and time-efficient accessories are always needed to make their daily routine more convenient and comfortable. When it comes to the garment materials, it would be particularly important to have low energy and less time consuming ways to turn them cleaner. Herein, this work has introduced a novel method to manufacture multi-functional textiles, possessing antimicrobial, self-cleaning and super-hydrophobic properties via a nano-technological approach. Titanium dioxide nano-rods and Zinc oxide nanoparticles together with self-assembled stearic acid molecules had been used as the nano-technological components to give these multi-functional properties for cotton fabric. The method was very simple and low cost, which makes it up-scalable and reliable in the industrial avenue. In order to characterize those nanomaterials, X-Ray diffractometry, X-Ray Fluoresce, Scanning Electron microscopy, UVVisible spectroscopy and FT-IR methods were used. Conventional microbiological methods were used to investigate their antimicrobial properties. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to test the antimicrobial property as they represent, respectively, Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria. The water contact angles were measured with optical imaging to determine the super-hydrophobicity. As a photo-catalyst, TiO2 nano-structures has an excellent ability to digest many organic substances by making reactive oxygen species produced by excited electrons in the conduction band and through highly oxidizing holes remaining in the valence band. ZnO nanoparticles also act in a similar manner through photo-catalysis and kill the microbial cells by destroying the organic components in the cell membrane. The protrude-like structures of these modified ZnO nano-structures can penetrate the bacterial cells and destroy them even in the dark. Likewise, the entire system made a better platform to turn a regular textile material into a super-hydrophobic, self-cleaning and anti-microbial fabric with a simple modification. As such, these textiles were capable of performing multiple functions due to this surface modification without losing its typical properties such as comfort for wear and hand feel.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84248524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000241
W. Lee, Bo-Eun Yoon
Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are promising material for research and medical application. Because of the electrochemical nature of CNT, it is considered as a potentially effective nanomaterial in neuroscience. By the way, properties of these CNT are dependent on how they are synthesized or which functional groups they have. As the nature of CNT varies, the effect on brain cells can have different features from cell to cell. Also, the diversity should be concerned to not only neurons also glia in the brain. Therefore, we focus on studies for understanding the functional and morphological changes of neurons and glia in the effects of CNT.
{"title":"The Brain Cells on the Carbon Nanotubes: Morphological and Functional Changes in Neurons and Glia","authors":"W. Lee, Bo-Eun Yoon","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000241","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are promising material for research and medical application. Because of the electrochemical nature of CNT, it is considered as a potentially effective nanomaterial in neuroscience. By the way, properties of these CNT are dependent on how they are synthesized or which functional groups they have. As the nature of CNT varies, the effect on brain cells can have different features from cell to cell. Also, the diversity should be concerned to not only neurons also glia in the brain. Therefore, we focus on studies for understanding the functional and morphological changes of neurons and glia in the effects of CNT.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777-c10-046
Oara Neumann
{"title":"Enhanced T1 MRI contrast and fluorescence stability within a plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle","authors":"Oara Neumann","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777-c10-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777-c10-046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83623176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000238
Rose Cir, Rajewsky Mf, R. Ja
Zinc selenide (ZnSe), copper, nickel, and cobalt doped ZnSe (Cu, Ni, Co-ZnSe) nanoparticles were effectively synthesized through solvothermal method. The as-synthesized ZnSe nanoparticles were described to their optical, structural, elemental composition, morphological properties and electrochemical studies. X-ray diffraction pattern supports hexagonal, wurtzite structure and the crystallite sizes were justified as 13.7, 13.1, 10.6 and 7.9 nm for ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co-ZnSe nanoparticles respectively, which are further confirmed by TEM analysis. Band-gap energy was computed as 2.5, 2.7, 3.2 and 3.5 eV for ZnSe, Cu, Ni, Co-ZnSe nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopic images showed the formation of rod shaped nanoparticles, and the effective doping was further confirmed by EDX spectral analysis. The kinetics of electron transport properties were studied by electrochemical analysis and it was found that Co-ZnSe has more electrocatalytic activity compared to Cu, Ni- ZnSe nanoparticles. DSSCs were fabricated with ruthenium dye immobilized semiconductor photo anode (TiO2), redox electrolyte (I-/I3 -), ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co-ZnSe nanoparticles as counter electrodes (CE). The maximum power conversion efficiency of solar cells was found to be 1.20%, 1.99%, 2.51% and 3.21% for ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co- ZnSe nanoparticles, and it was found that the dopant with more number of unpaired electron influences the solar cell effectively.
{"title":"Effect of Dopants on the Performance of ZnSe Nanoparticles as Photocathode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell","authors":"Rose Cir, Rajewsky Mf, R. Ja","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc selenide (ZnSe), copper, nickel, and cobalt doped ZnSe (Cu, Ni, Co-ZnSe) nanoparticles were effectively synthesized through solvothermal method. The as-synthesized ZnSe nanoparticles were described to their optical, structural, elemental composition, morphological properties and electrochemical studies. X-ray diffraction pattern supports hexagonal, wurtzite structure and the crystallite sizes were justified as 13.7, 13.1, 10.6 and 7.9 nm for ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co-ZnSe nanoparticles respectively, which are further confirmed by TEM analysis. Band-gap energy was computed as 2.5, 2.7, 3.2 and 3.5 eV for ZnSe, Cu, Ni, Co-ZnSe nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopic images showed the formation of rod shaped nanoparticles, and the effective doping was further confirmed by EDX spectral analysis. The kinetics of electron transport properties were studied by electrochemical analysis and it was found that Co-ZnSe has more electrocatalytic activity compared to Cu, Ni- ZnSe nanoparticles. DSSCs were fabricated with ruthenium dye immobilized semiconductor photo anode (TiO2), redox electrolyte (I-/I3 -), ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co-ZnSe nanoparticles as counter electrodes (CE). The maximum power conversion efficiency of solar cells was found to be 1.20%, 1.99%, 2.51% and 3.21% for ZnSe, Cu, Ni and Co- ZnSe nanoparticles, and it was found that the dopant with more number of unpaired electron influences the solar cell effectively.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000239
A. Tahiri, M. Idiri, B. Boubeker
The elastic moduli of nancrystalline tungsten have been calculated from elastic constants by molecular dynamic simulation using embedded atom model. The nanocrystal containing 16 grains with average diameters ranging from 4, 2 to 8, 9 is made using the Voronoi construction. We have been interested in the investigation of both temperature and grain size effects on elastic moduli. A softening of material was observed with the temperature increase and the grain size decrease. The anisotropy calculations have shown that the material becomes more isotropic in high temperature. The found results are in good agreement with the literature.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Studies of Temperature and Grain Size Effects on Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Tungsten","authors":"A. Tahiri, M. Idiri, B. Boubeker","doi":"10.4172/2324-8777.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"The elastic moduli of nancrystalline tungsten have been calculated from elastic constants by molecular dynamic simulation using embedded atom model. The nanocrystal containing 16 grains with average diameters ranging from 4, 2 to 8, 9 is made using the Voronoi construction. We have been interested in the investigation of both temperature and grain size effects on elastic moduli. A softening of material was observed with the temperature increase and the grain size decrease. The anisotropy calculations have shown that the material becomes more isotropic in high temperature. The found results are in good agreement with the literature.","PeriodicalId":16457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81678001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-24DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000234
J. Jou, Sujith Sudheendran Swayamprabha, R. Yadav, D. Dubey
Nano structures enable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices to be fabricated with relatively high efficiency and brightness, opening up a new era for high quality displays and lighting, wherein devising a pseudo-natural light is always a must. The uses of incandescent bulbs are the most friendly, electricity-driven lighting sources, lighting measure from the perspectives of human eye protection, melatonin generation, artifacts, ecosystems, the environment, and the night skies due to their intrinsically low blue emission. However, they are phasing out because of the energy wasting. To overcome these difficulties, researchers are focusing on developing a new light with high efficiency, whose emission spectra would also match with those of the natural lights. In 2009, Jou’s group invented the world’s first electrically powered sunlight-style OLED that yielded a sunlight-style illumination with various daylight chromaticities, whose color temperature ranges between 2,300 and 8,200 K, fully covering those of the entire daylight at different times and regions, and contributed a noteworthy incentive to OLED technology in general lighting. By putting more efforts on this technology, a blue hazard free, low color temperature candlelight-style OLED was developed by employing candlelight complementary emitters, namely orange-red, yellow, green, and sky-blue. The resultant candlelight OLED that exhibits a 1,900 K color temperature is exactly like candles or oil lamps, which is friendly to human eyes, physiologies, ecosystems, artifacts, and night-skies. Specifically, it is at least 10 times safer from the retina protection perspective or 5 times better for melatonin to naturally occur after dusk, as compared with the blue light-enriched white OLED, LED and CFL counterparts. In this article, we discuss the device structure, physics, and engineering behind the serendipity of the pseudo-natural light-style OLEDs.
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