Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.102014
Precious Mwamba, J. Masinja, J. Manchisi, Leonard Kabondo
A sulphuric acid bake–leach method for the treatment of mixed cop-per-cobalt oxide minerals was investigated as an alternative to the reductive leaching method. Sulphuric acid bake-leach process of the mixed cop-per-cobalt oxide ore was carried out by mixing the sample with sulphuric acid followed by baking of the mixture in a muffle furnace. Baking tests were conducted at different conditions such as temperature, time, and varying amounts of acid. The reacted samples were then subjected to water leaching at room temperature to determine the leachability of copper and cobalt from the baked material. The dissolutions of copper and cobalt were dependent on acid concentration with cobalt showing more sensitivity to the amount of acid. Both copper and cobalt were extracted from the baked material within short leaching times and without the addition of reducing agents. The out-come of this work has shown that the sulphuric acid bake-leach process is a possible alternative to the reductive leaching method for copper-cobalt oxide ores.
{"title":"Sulphuric Acid Bake-Leach Process for the Treatment of Mixed Copper-Cobalt Oxide Ores","authors":"Precious Mwamba, J. Masinja, J. Manchisi, Leonard Kabondo","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.102014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.102014","url":null,"abstract":"A sulphuric acid bake–leach method for the treatment of mixed cop-per-cobalt oxide minerals was investigated as an alternative to the reductive leaching method. Sulphuric acid bake-leach process of the mixed cop-per-cobalt oxide ore was carried out by mixing the sample with sulphuric acid followed by baking of the mixture in a muffle furnace. Baking tests were conducted at different conditions such as temperature, time, and varying amounts of acid. The reacted samples were then subjected to water leaching at room temperature to determine the leachability of copper and cobalt from the baked material. The dissolutions of copper and cobalt were dependent on acid concentration with cobalt showing more sensitivity to the amount of acid. Both copper and cobalt were extracted from the baked material within short leaching times and without the addition of reducing agents. The out-come of this work has shown that the sulphuric acid bake-leach process is a possible alternative to the reductive leaching method for copper-cobalt oxide ores.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"17 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82567274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to optimize cross-sectional area of the extruder and the flow rate of the material through the extruder. Extrusion process was first mod-elized using the continuum mechanics method before being simulated with the commercial software LS-DYNA using the Johnson-Cook model based on the finite element method after optimization of the factors with simplex algorithm. The study was carried out on a connecting rod: diameter of 145 mm, cross-section of 1.65 m 2 , length of 0.25 m, volume of 0.41 m 3 and a mass of 37 kg. Optimum parameters obtained were temperature of 850˚C, flow rate of 0.237 m/s, die diameter of 19.2 mm, pin diameter of 14 mm, extrusion strength of 565.6 kN and press pressure of 245 GPa. From these factors, a blank was obtained with external and internal diameters of 19.2 and 14 mm respectively over a length of 28 m with a thickness of 2.6 mm. Simulation using LS-DYNA software resulted in a difference in values of 7.4% between optimization and simulation when the difference of 2.4% was found between modelling and simulation. These values make the process optimal for industrial application to improve the extrusion requirements of copper tubes.
{"title":"Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of Copper Tube Extrusion after Optimizing Geometrical and Operating Parameters","authors":"Ngoy Moïse Raphael Moramess, Mulaja Tshakatumba Constantin, Tshipeshi Makina Héritier, Ntambwe Sapu Aaron, Tubadi Diamba José, Mwema Mutamba Edouard","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.102010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.102010","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to optimize cross-sectional area of the extruder and the flow rate of the material through the extruder. Extrusion process was first mod-elized using the continuum mechanics method before being simulated with the commercial software LS-DYNA using the Johnson-Cook model based on the finite element method after optimization of the factors with simplex algorithm. The study was carried out on a connecting rod: diameter of 145 mm, cross-section of 1.65 m 2 , length of 0.25 m, volume of 0.41 m 3 and a mass of 37 kg. Optimum parameters obtained were temperature of 850˚C, flow rate of 0.237 m/s, die diameter of 19.2 mm, pin diameter of 14 mm, extrusion strength of 565.6 kN and press pressure of 245 GPa. From these factors, a blank was obtained with external and internal diameters of 19.2 and 14 mm respectively over a length of 28 m with a thickness of 2.6 mm. Simulation using LS-DYNA software resulted in a difference in values of 7.4% between optimization and simulation when the difference of 2.4% was found between modelling and simulation. These values make the process optimal for industrial application to improve the extrusion requirements of copper tubes.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87292415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.105026
E. H. Mohamed
{"title":"Study Correlation between Physical-Mineralogical Properties of Sandstone Used in Ptolemaic Temples in Upper Egypt and Its Weathering Resistance","authors":"E. H. Mohamed","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.105026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.105026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87353596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.102011
Thierry Arcady Vila Noemie, Grace Mazel Ifo, Jean-Claude Bibila Mafouba, Vivien Igore Banzouzi Samba, Mpissi Zita Flora Diamouangana, Nursie Rarahu Oba Mboho, Christ Dorvy Privillège Tsaty N, J. Moutou
{"title":"Effect of Cooking Condiments on the Mass Loss of Artisanal Aluminum Cooking Utensils: The Case of Congo—Brazzaville","authors":"Thierry Arcady Vila Noemie, Grace Mazel Ifo, Jean-Claude Bibila Mafouba, Vivien Igore Banzouzi Samba, Mpissi Zita Flora Diamouangana, Nursie Rarahu Oba Mboho, Christ Dorvy Privillège Tsaty N, J. Moutou","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.102011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.102011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.102008
M. Sorescu, F. Benmokhtar, D. Higinbotham, M. Stutzman
Six amorphous alloys (Alloy 1: Fe 56 Co 24 Nb 4 B 13 Si 2 Cu 1 , Alloy 2: Fe 68.5 Co 5 Nb 3 Cu 1 Si 15.5 B 7 , Alloy 3: Fe 75.3 Ni 0.8 Cr 0.9 Si 8.7 B 14.3 , Alloy 4: Fe 56 Co 24 Cr 10 Nb 4 B 3 Si 1 Cu 2 , Alloy 5: Fe 72.9 Nb 3 Cu 1 Si 16.2 B 6.9 , Alloy 6: Fe 83.3 Si 8.6 Nb 5.5 B 1.4 Cu 1.2 ) were selected in terms of their composition and magnetostriction constants and uniformly irradiated in a high radiation environment in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The 2 GeV electron beam irradiation-induced effects were characterized by M ӧ ssbauer spectroscopy. The microstructural changes were related to the evolution of the hyperfine magnetic field distributions and isomer shifts. In particular, the occurrence of stress centers in the amorphous materials was evidenced.
6非晶合金(合金1:铁56有限公司24注4 B 13 Si 2铜1、合金2:铁68.5公司5 Nb 3铜1如果15.5 B 7、合金3:铁75.3 Ni 0.8 Cr 0.9 Si 8.7 B 14.3,合金4:铁56有限公司24 Cr 10注4 B 3如果1铜2、合金5:铁72.9 Nb 3铜1如果16.2 B 6.9、合金6:铁83.3 Si 8.6 Nb 5.5 B 1.4铜1.2)被选中的成分和磁致伸缩常量和均匀辐照在高辐射环境下在大厅的托马斯·杰斐逊国家加速器设施。用M -斯堡尔谱分析了2gev电子束辐照诱导效应。微观结构的变化与超细磁场分布的演变和异构体位移有关。特别是在非晶材料中发现了应力中心。
{"title":"2 GeV Electron Beam Irradiation Effects in Advanced Metallic Glasses","authors":"M. Sorescu, F. Benmokhtar, D. Higinbotham, M. Stutzman","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.102008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.102008","url":null,"abstract":"Six amorphous alloys (Alloy 1: Fe 56 Co 24 Nb 4 B 13 Si 2 Cu 1 , Alloy 2: Fe 68.5 Co 5 Nb 3 Cu 1 Si 15.5 B 7 , Alloy 3: Fe 75.3 Ni 0.8 Cr 0.9 Si 8.7 B 14.3 , Alloy 4: Fe 56 Co 24 Cr 10 Nb 4 B 3 Si 1 Cu 2 , Alloy 5: Fe 72.9 Nb 3 Cu 1 Si 16.2 B 6.9 , Alloy 6: Fe 83.3 Si 8.6 Nb 5.5 B 1.4 Cu 1.2 ) were selected in terms of their composition and magnetostriction constants and uniformly irradiated in a high radiation environment in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The 2 GeV electron beam irradiation-induced effects were characterized by M ӧ ssbauer spectroscopy. The microstructural changes were related to the evolution of the hyperfine magnetic field distributions and isomer shifts. In particular, the occurrence of stress centers in the amorphous materials was evidenced.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.104025
Sydney Pothier, Reem Roufail, Margaret Malton
{"title":"Unit Cell Modelling of Auxetic Structure","authors":"Sydney Pothier, Reem Roufail, Margaret Malton","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.104025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.104025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84611446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar Photocatalysis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Supported Natural Palygorskite Nanofibers Elaborated by a One_Pot Mechanochemical Route","authors":"Lakbita Omar, Rhouta Benaissa, Goetz Vincent, Maury Francis, Plantard Gaël, D. Lahcen","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.103020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.103020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79981778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.106035
Gnamba Emmanuel Franck Gouedji, Z. Ouattara, C. N’cho, Aboubacar Diaby, C. Picard, M. Audet, B. Bakayoko, B. Kamagaté
The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.
{"title":"Archean Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Suites Bearing Orthopyroxene Mineral of the Bounta Region and Their Sulfide and Oxide Iron Mineralization (Western Ivory Coast)","authors":"Gnamba Emmanuel Franck Gouedji, Z. Ouattara, C. N’cho, Aboubacar Diaby, C. Picard, M. Audet, B. Bakayoko, B. Kamagaté","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.106035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.106035","url":null,"abstract":"The mining company Sama Nickel-CI during its exploration activities in the Bounta area (Biankouma department, western Côte d’Ivoire) identified rocks with magmatic and metamorphic characteristics of felsic to mafic compositions mineralized in sulfide but unknown in the region. Thus, the petrographic characterization of these rocks of Bounta as well as the sulfides they contain, was carried out from macroscopic to microscopic observations. Petrographic analysis of these rocks has shown that these rocks are trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) suites, composed of the main minerals (quartz, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, feldspar) and accessory minerals (biotite, garnet) with magmatic textures supplanted by metamorphic textures. They were set up by fractional crystallization and would be products of Archean crustal anatexis formed from the partial melting of basaltic protocrust during the Liberian orogeny. The Bounta’s series of trondhjemite, tonalite and granodiorite (TTG) contain speckles of sulfide (pyrite and pyrrhotite) which are disseminated in places and are relatively abundant, as well as iron oxides (magnetite) which are of low proportion.","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89252779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2022.105032
M. Sall, A. Wade, G. Dieye, Alassane Traoré, P. Gueye, S. Diouf, Déthié Thiaw, Khalifa Ababacar Diop, Djibril Diop
{"title":"Comparative Characteristics of Hydrated Lime with Fine Sewage Sludge Ash (FSSA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA)","authors":"M. Sall, A. Wade, G. Dieye, Alassane Traoré, P. Gueye, S. Diouf, Déthié Thiaw, Khalifa Ababacar Diop, Djibril Diop","doi":"10.4236/jmmce.2022.105032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2022.105032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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