Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology最新文献

Background: Acute postoperative hypertension (APH) is encountered in patients following craniotomy and is associated with major complications. This retrospective cohort study evaluates 30-day survival for patients who received labetalol, nicardipine, or both drugs.

Methods: Patients 18 and older who underwent craniotomy between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2023 were included in the study. Analyses were performed comparing (1) labetalol cohort versus nicardipine cohort, (2) labetalol cohort versus both cohort, and (3) nicardipine cohort versus both cohort. The primary outcome was survival at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), arrhythmia, and intracranial hemorrhage.

Results: The labetalol cohort had improved 30-day survival compared with the nicardipine cohort (HR: 0.49, P<0.0001) or both (HR: 0.67, P<0.0001). The nicardipine cohort had worse survival compared with both cohorts (HR: 1.28, P<0.0001). The labetalol cohort had a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage compared with nicardipine (RR: 0.89, P=0.001) and both cohorts (RR: 0.90, P<0.001). The labetalol cohort had less congestive heart failure than the nicardipine cohort (RR: 0.66, P<0.0001), and the nicardipine cohort had more CHF than the cohort that received both drugs (RR: 1.21, P=0.018). There was no difference in STEMI, NSTEMI, or readmissions across cohorts.

Conclusions: Labetalol for APH after craniotomy is associated with improved survival compared with nicardipine or combination. A combination of these drugs is associated with improved survival compared with nicardipine alone.

After intracranial surgery, sympathetic overdrive and increased blood catecholamine levels can contribute to postoperative hypertension, a significant clinical problem. The objective of this review was to summarize, quantify, and assess the epidemiological perspective of post-craniotomy hypertension and its association with adverse outcomes. This PROSPERO-registered systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched electronic databases for studies that investigated adult patients who had elective craniotomy for any indication and reported hypertension within 72 hours postoperatively. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Twenty-one studies, including 2602 patients, were identified for inclusion in this review. Multiple thresholds and criteria for defining post-craniotomy hypertension were used across studies. The pooled incidence of post-craniotomy hypertension from 13 studies (2279 patients) was 30% [95% CI, 15%-50%]. Post-craniotomy hypertension was associated with a 2.6 times higher risk of having an intracerebral hemorrhage within 72 hours after surgery (pooled risk ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.16-5.97). There were insufficient data to investigate the quantitative association of post-craniotomy hypertension with 30-day adverse events. In summary, 1 out of 3 patients exhibited hypertension post-craniotomy, and this was associated with a significantly higher risk of having intracranial hemorrhage within 72 hours post-procedure. A generally accepted and clinically relevant criteria for post-craniotomy hypertension should be defined.

Intubation of patients requiring cervical spine immobilization can be challenging. Recently, the use of C-MAC video laryngoscopes (VL) has increased in popularity over direct laryngoscopy (DL). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of C-MAC VL as compared with DL for intubation in C-spine immobilized patients. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Time taken to intubate was the primary outcome whereas the use of optimization maneuvers, laryngoscopy view, first-pass success rates, and difficulty of intubation were secondary outcomes. Seven trials involving 490 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of time taken to intubate, standardized mean difference 0.65 (95% CI, -2.55, 3.86). The certainty of evidence for the primary outcome, time taken to intubate, was low, with high heterogeneity (I 2 =97%). The C-MAC VL group had higher first-pass success rates (odds ratio 2.92 [95% CI, 1.14, 7.49]) and a lower incidence of a poor laryngoscopy view (odds ratio 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07, 0.66]). There was no difference in terms of the difficulty of intubation and the use of optimization maneuvers. Overall, C-MAC VL did not reduce the time taken to intubate, although the strength of this finding is limited by wide confidence intervals. C-MAC VL significantly improved laryngoscopy views and first-pass success rate as compared with DL.

Background: S evere cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) patients often require neurointensive care with multimodal monitoring. However, optimal treatment targets for intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral autoregulation remain unclear. This study investigated the relationships between ICP, CPP, and autoregulation indices (PRx, optimal CPP [CPPopt]) with clinical outcomes in severe CVT.

Methods: This observational study included 15 patients with severe CVT with ICP-monitoring, treated in the neurointensive care (NIC) unit, Uppsala. The percentage of eligible monitoring time (EMT) outside certain thresholds was calculated for ICP, PRx, CPP, and ΔCPPopt (CPP-CPPopt) and analysed in relation to outcome (Glasgow Outcome at Discharge Scale [GODS]). Outcome heatmaps were generated to visualize transitions from better to worse outcomes for single variables and 2 variables (ICP, CPP, or ΔCPPopt in combination with PRx).

Results: Median %EMT for ICP>20 mm Hg and CPP<60 mm Hg was <5%. Higher %EMT for ICP>20 mm Hg ( r =-0.60, P =0.02) correlated with worse outcome (lower GODS). The median %EMT of impaired cerebral pressure autoregulation was 34%. Outcome heatmaps indicated transitions toward worse outcome when PRx exceeded zero and ΔCPPopt became negative, but these correlations were not significant. Higher PRx reduced the safe ICP and CPP range, in 2-variable heatmaps.

Conclusions: A higher %EMT of ICP>20 mm Hg was unfavorable in severe CVT. Impaired cerebral autoregulation with high PRx was frequent and may reduce the safe ICP/CPP range. Larger, multi-centre studies are needed to validate these findings in this rare condition.

Introduction: Current commercial cerebral oximeters only monitor the frontal lobes, however, some cerebrovascular territories may experience ischemia while others remain well perfused. This pilot study used a novel, high-density, dual-wavelength, time-resolved functional cerebral oximeter (Kernel Flow) with 2000 channels to assess the regional differences of cerebral oxygenation (StO2) in response to hypotension across different vascular territories during shoulder surgery in the beach chair position.

Methods: Twenty-seven adult patients were monitored, recording blood pressure, heart rate, regional cerebral oxygen saturation, and other vital parameters. For each hypotensive event, regional cerebral oxygen saturations were compared against each other using a mixed-effect model. Data processing involved moment analysis and MATLAB-based detrending to correct for temperature-induced signal drifts.

Results: Twenty-one hypotensive events were excluded due to poor data quality. Results from 16 hypotensive events in 4 patients indicated no significant temporal or amplitude differences in StO2 across 8 cerebrovascular territories. The mean±SD decrease in systolic blood pressure was 30.2±18.3 mm Hg, resulting in a mean cerebral desaturation across all territories of 3.3%±1.8%. There were no statistically significant temporal or magnitude differences between different vascular territories, though large variabilities were observed.

Conclusions: Despite limitations, such as small sample size and the exclusion of large number of events, this pilot study demonstrates that StO2 changes in response to hypotension in multiple brain regions can be measured and compared during surgery, providing insights and facilitating investigation of the selective vulnerability of brain regions. Future exploration will enhance our understanding of cerebral ischemia pathophysiology and perioperative stroke.