Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2022.2150650
Carmine-Emanuele Cella
This paper has two different aims: presenting the problem of target-based computer-assisted orchestration and introducing a new computational framework to solve it, called Orchidea. After the definition of the static and the dynamic versions of the problem, a historic perspective will be discussed. The cultural context of assisted orchestration will be examined, with particular attention being given to spectral music. In the second half of the paper, the Orchidea framework for dynamic target-based computer-assisted orchestration will be introduced and discussed in detail. After the discussion of the design principles and the philosophy behind this framework, all its components will be studied. Finally, possible steps for the future of computer-assisted orchestration will be presented.
{"title":"Orchidea: a comprehensive framework for target-based computer-assisted dynamic orchestration","authors":"Carmine-Emanuele Cella","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2022.2150650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2022.2150650","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has two different aims: presenting the problem of target-based computer-assisted orchestration and introducing a new computational framework to solve it, called Orchidea. After the definition of the static and the dynamic versions of the problem, a historic perspective will be discussed. The cultural context of assisted orchestration will be examined, with particular attention being given to spectral music. In the second half of the paper, the Orchidea framework for dynamic target-based computer-assisted orchestration will be introduced and discussed in detail. After the discussion of the design principles and the philosophy behind this framework, all its components will be studied. Finally, possible steps for the future of computer-assisted orchestration will be presented.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"40 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42670448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2022.2043389
A. Reddy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique commonly used across the natural sciences that works upon the detection of magnetically spin-aligned atomic nuclei resonating with an externally applied radio source. This work presents an overview of music created using NMR data and outlines principles for its use in composition. Methods for the sonification and musical interpretation of NMR spectra are demonstrated and opportunities for its development as a musical technique are identified. Abbreviations: 12-TET: Twelve-Tone Equal Temperament; ADC: Analogue to Digital Converter; COSY: Correlation Spectroscopy; FID: Free Induction Decay; FT: Fourier Transform; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; PCM: Pulse Code Modulation; PPM: Parts per million; SNR: Signal-to-noise ratio; TMS: Tetramethylsilane GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"On the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in music composition- principles, practice and possibilities","authors":"A. Reddy","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2022.2043389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2022.2043389","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique commonly used across the natural sciences that works upon the detection of magnetically spin-aligned atomic nuclei resonating with an externally applied radio source. This work presents an overview of music created using NMR data and outlines principles for its use in composition. Methods for the sonification and musical interpretation of NMR spectra are demonstrated and opportunities for its development as a musical technique are identified. Abbreviations: 12-TET: Twelve-Tone Equal Temperament; ADC: Analogue to Digital Converter; COSY: Correlation Spectroscopy; FID: Free Induction Decay; FT: Fourier Transform; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; PCM: Pulse Code Modulation; PPM: Parts per million; SNR: Signal-to-noise ratio; TMS: Tetramethylsilane GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"487 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43130853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2022.2029912
John Sullivan, C. Guastavino, M. Wanderley
Digital musical instruments are frequently designed in research and experimental performance contexts but few are taken up into sustained use by active and professional musicians. To identify the needs of performers who use novel technologies in their practices, a survey of musicians was conducted that identified desirable qualities for instruments to be viable in active use, along with attributes for successful uptake and continued use of instruments based on frameworks of long and short term user engagement. The findings are presented as a set of design considerations towards the development of instruments intended for use by active and professional performers.
{"title":"Surveying digital musical instrument use in active practice","authors":"John Sullivan, C. Guastavino, M. Wanderley","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2022.2029912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2022.2029912","url":null,"abstract":"Digital musical instruments are frequently designed in research and experimental performance contexts but few are taken up into sustained use by active and professional musicians. To identify the needs of performers who use novel technologies in their practices, a survey of musicians was conducted that identified desirable qualities for instruments to be viable in active use, along with attributes for successful uptake and continued use of instruments based on frameworks of long and short term user engagement. The findings are presented as a set of design considerations towards the development of instruments intended for use by active and professional performers.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"469 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2022.2029496
Eitan Ornoy, Shai Cohen
Present-day inquiries into aspects of 19th century performance style mark the growing quest to revive practices of post-1800 music repertoire. This paper aims to trace whether there be found an impact of recordings made by 19th century violinists of coeval repertoire on current performers who've recorded the same works. Early, intermediate, and present-day recordings (N = 81) of three late-romantic compositions were analyzed for the manner of execution of varied performance features. While similarities between early and current period players were traced to a certain extent, several early period distinctives are still rather absent from prevalent praxis. Results may shed light on performance style and interpretation of late C19 violin repertoire and on the influence of sonic documentation on 21st century players.
{"title":"Back to the present: Assimilation of late 19th century performance features among currently active violinists","authors":"Eitan Ornoy, Shai Cohen","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2022.2029496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2022.2029496","url":null,"abstract":"Present-day inquiries into aspects of 19th century performance style mark the growing quest to revive practices of post-1800 music repertoire. This paper aims to trace whether there be found an impact of recordings made by 19th century violinists of coeval repertoire on current performers who've recorded the same works. Early, intermediate, and present-day recordings (N = 81) of three late-romantic compositions were analyzed for the manner of execution of varied performance features. While similarities between early and current period players were traced to a certain extent, several early period distinctives are still rather absent from prevalent praxis. Results may shed light on performance style and interpretation of late C19 violin repertoire and on the influence of sonic documentation on 21st century players.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"413 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42965769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1979050
A. Battcock, Michael Schutz
Audiences, juries, and critics continually evaluate performers based on their interpretations of familiar classics. Yet formally assessing the perceptual consequences of interpretive decisions is challenging – particularly with respect to how they shape emotional messages. Here, we explore the issue through comparison of emotion ratings (using scales of arousal and valence) for excerpts of all 48 pieces from Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier. In this series of studies, participants evaluated one of seven interpretations by highly regarded pianists. This work offers the novel ability to simultaneously explore (1) how different interpretations by expert pianists shape emotional messages, (2) the degree to which structural and interpretative elements shape the clarity of emotional messages, and (3) how interpretative differences affect the strength of specific features or cues to convey musical emotion.
{"title":"Individualized interpretation: Exploring structural and interpretive effects on evaluations of emotional content in Bach’s Well Tempered Clavier","authors":"A. Battcock, Michael Schutz","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1979050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1979050","url":null,"abstract":"Audiences, juries, and critics continually evaluate performers based on their interpretations of familiar classics. Yet formally assessing the perceptual consequences of interpretive decisions is challenging – particularly with respect to how they shape emotional messages. Here, we explore the issue through comparison of emotion ratings (using scales of arousal and valence) for excerpts of all 48 pieces from Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier. In this series of studies, participants evaluated one of seven interpretations by highly regarded pianists. This work offers the novel ability to simultaneously explore (1) how different interpretations by expert pianists shape emotional messages, (2) the degree to which structural and interpretative elements shape the clarity of emotional messages, and (3) how interpretative differences affect the strength of specific features or cues to convey musical emotion.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"447 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1978506
Emma Allingham, Birgitta Burger, Clemens Wöllner
Violin bowing is a specialised sound-producing action, which may be affected by psychological performance techniques. In sport, attentional focus impacts motor performance, but limited evidence for this exists in music. We investigated the effects of attentional focus on acoustical, physiological, and physical parameters of violin bowing in experienced and novice violinists. Attentional focus significantly affected spectral centroid, bow contact point consistency, shoulder muscle activity, and novices’ violin sway. Performance was most improved when focusing on tactile sensations through the bow (somatic focus), compared to sound (external focus) or arm movement (internal focus). Implications for motor performance theory and pedagogy are discussed.
{"title":"Motor performance in violin bowing: Effects of attentional focus on acoustical, physiological and physical parameters of a sound-producing action","authors":"Emma Allingham, Birgitta Burger, Clemens Wöllner","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1978506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1978506","url":null,"abstract":"Violin bowing is a specialised sound-producing action, which may be affected by psychological performance techniques. In sport, attentional focus impacts motor performance, but limited evidence for this exists in music. We investigated the effects of attentional focus on acoustical, physiological, and physical parameters of violin bowing in experienced and novice violinists. Attentional focus significantly affected spectral centroid, bow contact point consistency, shoulder muscle activity, and novices’ violin sway. Performance was most improved when focusing on tactile sensations through the bow (somatic focus), compared to sound (external focus) or arm movement (internal focus). Implications for motor performance theory and pedagogy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"428 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1977338
Laura Bishop, Victor González Sánchez, B. Laeng, A. Jensenius, Simon Høffding
Ensemble musicians engage with each other visually through glances and body motion. We conducted a case study to test how string quartet musicians would respond to playing conditions that were meant to discourage or promote visually communicative behaviour. A quartet performed in different seating configurations under rehearsal and concert conditions. Quantity of head motion was reduced when musicians' gaze was constrained. Differences in gaze and body motion between musicians reflected their musical roles in the ensemble. Overall, our findings suggest that gaze and motion dynamics vary within and between performances in response to changing musical, situational and social factors.
{"title":"Move like everyone is watching: Social context affects head motion and gaze in string quartet performance","authors":"Laura Bishop, Victor González Sánchez, B. Laeng, A. Jensenius, Simon Høffding","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1977338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1977338","url":null,"abstract":"Ensemble musicians engage with each other visually through glances and body motion. We conducted a case study to test how string quartet musicians would respond to playing conditions that were meant to discourage or promote visually communicative behaviour. A quartet performed in different seating configurations under rehearsal and concert conditions. Quantity of head motion was reduced when musicians' gaze was constrained. Differences in gaze and body motion between musicians reflected their musical roles in the ensemble. Overall, our findings suggest that gaze and motion dynamics vary within and between performances in response to changing musical, situational and social factors.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"392 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46904137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1974490
Xi Zhang, I. Cross
This paper uses corpus analysis to explore relationships between tone and melody in folk and contemporary songs in Chaozhou, a Chinese dialect with eight lexical tones and a wealth of tone sandhi. Results suggest that: (1) there is a high degree of correspondence between tone and melody in Chaozhou song; (2) tone sandhi influences tone-melody correspondence; (3) tones realised in context can be categorised into high-, mid-, and low-pitch groups according to the tone-pitch extreme rather than final pitch; (4) when single tones are performed melismatically across groups of notes, relationships between initial notes of successive groups shapes tone-melody matching.
{"title":"Analysing the relationship between tone and melody in Chaozhou songs","authors":"Xi Zhang, I. Cross","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1974490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1974490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses corpus analysis to explore relationships between tone and melody in folk and contemporary songs in Chaozhou, a Chinese dialect with eight lexical tones and a wealth of tone sandhi. Results suggest that: (1) there is a high degree of correspondence between tone and melody in Chaozhou song; (2) tone sandhi influences tone-melody correspondence; (3) tones realised in context can be categorised into high-, mid-, and low-pitch groups according to the tone-pitch extreme rather than final pitch; (4) when single tones are performed melismatically across groups of notes, relationships between initial notes of successive groups shapes tone-melody matching.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"299 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1973511
Luiz Naveda, Marília Nunes-Silva
The relationship between musicians and their musical instruments has influenced music engagement and musical structure across societies. In this work, we study how musicians react to changes in their instrument and the associations between keys and pitches using experiments that simulate the interface of the accordion. Seventeen accordionists, pianists and guitarists took part in the study. The results show accordion players are more affected by the changes in the musical interface than non-according players, for the same tasks. These observations support the extended cognition hypothesis, which proposes that coupled processes, such as the musician-instrument chain, count as an entire cognitive process.
{"title":"Breaking down the musician’s minds: How small changes in the musical instrument can impair your musical performance","authors":"Luiz Naveda, Marília Nunes-Silva","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1973511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1973511","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between musicians and their musical instruments has influenced music engagement and musical structure across societies. In this work, we study how musicians react to changes in their instrument and the associations between keys and pitches using experiments that simulate the interface of the accordion. Seventeen accordionists, pianists and guitarists took part in the study. The results show accordion players are more affected by the changes in the musical interface than non-according players, for the same tasks. These observations support the extended cognition hypothesis, which proposes that coupled processes, such as the musician-instrument chain, count as an entire cognitive process.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"373 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48856928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2021.1978505
D. Humphreys, K. Sidorov, Andrew Jones, David Marshall
Many studies have presented computational models of musical structure, as an important aspect of musicological analysis. However, the use of grammar-based compressors to automatically recover such information is a relatively new and promising technique. We investigate their performance extensively using a collection of nearly 8000 scores, on tasks including error detection, classification, and segmentation, and compare this with a range of more traditional compressors. Further, we detail a novel method for locating transcription errors based on grammar compression. Despite its lack of domain knowledge, we conclude that grammar-based compression offers competitive performance when solving a variety of musicological tasks.
{"title":"An investigation of music analysis by the application of grammar-based compressors","authors":"D. Humphreys, K. Sidorov, Andrew Jones, David Marshall","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2021.1978505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2021.1978505","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have presented computational models of musical structure, as an important aspect of musicological analysis. However, the use of grammar-based compressors to automatically recover such information is a relatively new and promising technique. We investigate their performance extensively using a collection of nearly 8000 scores, on tasks including error detection, classification, and segmentation, and compare this with a range of more traditional compressors. Further, we detail a novel method for locating transcription errors based on grammar compression. Despite its lack of domain knowledge, we conclude that grammar-based compression offers competitive performance when solving a variety of musicological tasks.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"312 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44966941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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