Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2166848
Shuqi Dai, Xichu Ma, Ye Wang, Roger B. Dannenberg
Many practices have been presented in music generation recently. While stylistic music generation using deep learning techniques has became the main stream, these models still struggle to generate music with high musicality, different levels of music structure, and controllability. In addition, more application scenarios such as music therapy require imitating more specific musical styles from a few given music examples, rather than capturing the overall genre style of a large data corpus. To address requirements that challenge current deep learning methods, we propose a statistical machine learning model that is able to capture and imitate the structure, melody, chord, and bass style from a given example seed song. An evaluation using 10 pop songs shows that our new representations and methods are able to create high-quality stylistic music that is similar to a given input song. We also discuss potential uses of our approach in music evaluation and music therapy.
{"title":"Personalised popular music generation using imitation and structure","authors":"Shuqi Dai, Xichu Ma, Ye Wang, Roger B. Dannenberg","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2166848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2166848","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many practices have been presented in music generation recently. While stylistic music generation using deep learning techniques has became the main stream, these models still struggle to generate music with high musicality, different levels of music structure, and controllability. In addition, more application scenarios such as music therapy require imitating more specific musical styles from a few given music examples, rather than capturing the overall genre style of a large data corpus. To address requirements that challenge current deep learning methods, we propose a statistical machine learning model that is able to capture and imitate the structure, melody, chord, and bass style from a given example seed song. An evaluation using 10 pop songs shows that our new representations and methods are able to create high-quality stylistic music that is similar to a given input song. We also discuss potential uses of our approach in music evaluation and music therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2187310
William M. Randall, Margarida Baltazar, Suvi Saarikallio
While music listening on mobile phones can serve many affect-regulatory goals, success in reaching these goals is yet to be empirically assessed. This study aimed to determine how frequently listeners successfully reach their affect-regulatory goals, and the predictors of this success. Data were collected using the experience sampling app MuPsych, from 293 Finnish participants. Goals were successfully reached in less than half of cases, with adults more successful than adolescents. Success was determined largely within contexts, and strongly predicted by an initial low-valenced emotional state of the listener, suggesting that music listening is particularly useful for those in negative states.
{"title":"Success in reaching affect self-regulation goals through everyday music listening","authors":"William M. Randall, Margarida Baltazar, Suvi Saarikallio","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2187310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2187310","url":null,"abstract":"While music listening on mobile phones can serve many affect-regulatory goals, success in reaching these goals is yet to be empirically assessed. This study aimed to determine how frequently listeners successfully reach their affect-regulatory goals, and the predictors of this success. Data were collected using the experience sampling app MuPsych, from 293 Finnish participants. Goals were successfully reached in less than half of cases, with adults more successful than adolescents. Success was determined largely within contexts, and strongly predicted by an initial low-valenced emotional state of the listener, suggesting that music listening is particularly useful for those in negative states.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2187311
Zhexuan Wu, Wang Zhong
Material sound effects are widely used in virtual reality and games to convey specific material sensations to the audience and improve the immersion experience. However, systematic research on parametrically controlling the material sensations evoked by sound effects is lacking. This study presents a new method of sound design regarding the control of parameters – pitch, waveform, attenuation time and artificial harmonics. The acoustic semantic experiments demonstrate that these sound effects can convey virtual material sensations with a 78% understanding rate with only auditory cues. This study can broaden our thinking regarding sound effects, music production and related disciplines .
{"title":"Research on a method of conveying material sensations through sound effects","authors":"Zhexuan Wu, Wang Zhong","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2187311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2187311","url":null,"abstract":"Material sound effects are widely used in virtual reality and games to convey specific material sensations to the audience and improve the immersion experience. However, systematic research on parametrically controlling the material sensations evoked by sound effects is lacking. This study presents a new method of sound design regarding the control of parameters – pitch, waveform, attenuation time and artificial harmonics. The acoustic semantic experiments demonstrate that these sound effects can convey virtual material sensations with a 78% understanding rate with only auditory cues. This study can broaden our thinking regarding sound effects, music production and related disciplines .","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48546134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2223583
Joseph VanderStel, D. Temperley
Several studies have found increases in syncopation within genres of twentieth-century popular music, but its evolution across the entire century has not been explored. In this study we use a new corpus of vocal melodies to examine trends in the use of syncopation. We find an increasing trend over the entire century. We also consider three ways of categorising syncopations into ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ forms, and find that the strong forms increase more rapidly and later in the century than the weak forms. We consider the implications of these trends and discuss further issues that are illuminated by our corpus.
{"title":"The evolution of syncopation in twentieth-century American popular music","authors":"Joseph VanderStel, D. Temperley","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2223583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2223583","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have found increases in syncopation within genres of twentieth-century popular music, but its evolution across the entire century has not been explored. In this study we use a new corpus of vocal melodies to examine trends in the use of syncopation. We find an increasing trend over the entire century. We also consider three ways of categorising syncopations into ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ forms, and find that the strong forms increase more rapidly and later in the century than the weak forms. We consider the implications of these trends and discuss further issues that are illuminated by our corpus.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2192411
William Ashley Sol
Study of musical improvisation has proven a significantly worthwhile topic of psychological and musicological research. This qualitative study asked: How do musicians experience sense of agency and state of mind while freely improvising? Twenty-four experts in free form music (Morris, 2012. Perpetual frontier: The properties of free music. Riti) performed short free improvisations that were explored via semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Participants reported low sense of agency, minimal conscious thought, and decisions experienced as body-doing or action guided by intuition, as well as moments of increased agency. Frequent reports of focused present-moment awareness suggest parallels between improvisation and mindfulness.
{"title":"Music in the moment: how twenty-four expert free form musicians experienced sense of agency and an improvisational state of mind","authors":"William Ashley Sol","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2192411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2192411","url":null,"abstract":"Study of musical improvisation has proven a significantly worthwhile topic of psychological and musicological research. This qualitative study asked: How do musicians experience sense of agency and state of mind while freely improvising? Twenty-four experts in free form music (Morris, 2012. Perpetual frontier: The properties of free music. Riti) performed short free improvisations that were explored via semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Participants reported low sense of agency, minimal conscious thought, and decisions experienced as body-doing or action guided by intuition, as well as moments of increased agency. Frequent reports of focused present-moment awareness suggest parallels between improvisation and mindfulness.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2201242
E. Olivier, A. Pras
In Mali, the introduction of 3G alongside growing access to digital audio technologies throughout the 2010s has led a sharp increase in the number of recording studios. Using an ethnography of Bamako studios, we establish a theoretical framework and a methodology to remap music production studies beyond the limits of a Northerncentric narrative. We discuss the notions of high, low and alt tech, and lofi and hifi within the 2010s’ recording studio literature. Drawing upon the description of a tradi-trap production, this paper contrasts local discourses and uses of globalized technologies to highlight the constraints and capabilities of studio practitioners.
{"title":"Creative uses of low tech in Bamako recording studios (Mali)","authors":"E. Olivier, A. Pras","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2201242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2201242","url":null,"abstract":"In Mali, the introduction of 3G alongside growing access to digital audio technologies throughout the 2010s has led a sharp increase in the number of recording studios. Using an ethnography of Bamako studios, we establish a theoretical framework and a methodology to remap music production studies beyond the limits of a Northerncentric narrative. We discuss the notions of high, low and alt tech, and lofi and hifi within the 2010s’ recording studio literature. Drawing upon the description of a tradi-trap production, this paper contrasts local discourses and uses of globalized technologies to highlight the constraints and capabilities of studio practitioners.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2202641
Gilberto Bernardes, Nádia Carvalho, Samuel Pereira
FluidHarmony is an algorithmic method for defining a hierarchical harmonic lexicon in equal temperaments. It utilizes an enharmonic weighted Fourier transform space to represent pitch class set (pcsets) relations. The method ranks pcsets based on user-defined constraints: the importance of interval classes (ICs) and a reference pcset. Evaluation of 5,184 Western musical pieces from the 16th to 20th centuries shows FluidHarmony captures 8% of the corpus's harmony in its top pcsets. This highlights the role of ICs and a reference pcset in regulating harmony in Western tonal music while enabling systematic approaches to define hierarchies and establish metrics beyond 12-TET.
{"title":"FluidHarmony: Defining an equal-tempered and hierarchical harmonic lexicon in the Fourier space","authors":"Gilberto Bernardes, Nádia Carvalho, Samuel Pereira","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2202641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2202641","url":null,"abstract":"FluidHarmony is an algorithmic method for defining a hierarchical harmonic lexicon in equal temperaments. It utilizes an enharmonic weighted Fourier transform space to represent pitch class set (pcsets) relations. The method ranks pcsets based on user-defined constraints: the importance of interval classes (ICs) and a reference pcset. Evaluation of 5,184 Western musical pieces from the 16th to 20th centuries shows FluidHarmony captures 8% of the corpus's harmony in its top pcsets. This highlights the role of ICs and a reference pcset in regulating harmony in Western tonal music while enabling systematic approaches to define hierarchies and establish metrics beyond 12-TET.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2022.2150651
Lior Arbel, F. Gautier
Musical acoustics is a scientific field essential for an in-depth understanding of musical instruments and sounds. As such, it is relevant to wide audiences involved with music, including musicians, composers and even casual listeners. This work describes a twofold approach for introductory, hands-on education in musical acoustics. First, a concise classification approach for acoustic instruments is described. The approach consists of classifying instruments based on their fundamental acoustic properties of vibration generation, resonance and radiation. Then, an assembly kit of modular instrument components is described. The kit contains stand-alone resonator and radiator modules of various types, allowing the assembly of different fully functioning instrument prototypes. Students and general audiences, guided by educators, may use the kit to learn and experience the acoustic behaviour of musical instruments, as well as specific acoustic phenomena.
{"title":"LeMo: an assembly kit for musical acoustics education","authors":"Lior Arbel, F. Gautier","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2022.2150651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2022.2150651","url":null,"abstract":"Musical acoustics is a scientific field essential for an in-depth understanding of musical instruments and sounds. As such, it is relevant to wide audiences involved with music, including musicians, composers and even casual listeners. This work describes a twofold approach for introductory, hands-on education in musical acoustics. First, a concise classification approach for acoustic instruments is described. The approach consists of classifying instruments based on their fundamental acoustic properties of vibration generation, resonance and radiation. Then, an assembly kit of modular instrument components is described. The kit contains stand-alone resonator and radiator modules of various types, allowing the assembly of different fully functioning instrument prototypes. Students and general audiences, guided by educators, may use the kit to learn and experience the acoustic behaviour of musical instruments, as well as specific acoustic phenomena.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2233831
J. Devaney, D. Meredith
The Journal of New Music Research (JNMR) publishes material which increases our understanding of music and musical processes by systematic, scientific and technological means. Research published in the journal is innovative, empirically grounded and often, but not exclusively, uses quantitative methods. Articles are both musically relevant and scientifically rigorous, giving full technical details. No bounds are placed on the music or musical behaviours at issue: popular music, music of diverse cultures and the canon ofWestern classical music are all within the Journal’s scope. Articles deal with theory, analysis, composition, performance, uses of music, instruments and other music technologies. The Journal was founded in 1972 with the original title Interface to reflect its interdisciplinary nature, drawing on musicology (including music theory), computer science, psychology, acoustics, philosophy, and other disciplines.1
{"title":"What do we mean by ‘systematic’, ‘empirically grounded’ research in music?","authors":"J. Devaney, D. Meredith","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2233831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2233831","url":null,"abstract":"The Journal of New Music Research (JNMR) publishes material which increases our understanding of music and musical processes by systematic, scientific and technological means. Research published in the journal is innovative, empirically grounded and often, but not exclusively, uses quantitative methods. Articles are both musically relevant and scientifically rigorous, giving full technical details. No bounds are placed on the music or musical behaviours at issue: popular music, music of diverse cultures and the canon ofWestern classical music are all within the Journal’s scope. Articles deal with theory, analysis, composition, performance, uses of music, instruments and other music technologies. The Journal was founded in 1972 with the original title Interface to reflect its interdisciplinary nature, drawing on musicology (including music theory), computer science, psychology, acoustics, philosophy, and other disciplines.1","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/09298215.2023.2174144
Mattias Sköld
This text describes the musical evaluation of a hybrid music notation system that combines traditional notation with symbols and concepts from spectromorphological analysis. During three academic years from 2017 to 2020, three groups of composition students learned to work with sound notation, recreating and interpreting short electroacoustic music sketches based solely on their notation transcriptions – they had not heard the original sketches. The students’ score interpretations bore obvious similarities to the original music sketches and their written reflections showed that there were no major difficulties in understanding the notation although some difficulties existed concerning finding suitable sounds, especially sounds with stable pitch.
{"title":"Notation as visual representation of sound-based music","authors":"Mattias Sköld","doi":"10.1080/09298215.2023.2174144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2023.2174144","url":null,"abstract":"This text describes the musical evaluation of a hybrid music notation system that combines traditional notation with symbols and concepts from spectromorphological analysis. During three academic years from 2017 to 2020, three groups of composition students learned to work with sound notation, recreating and interpreting short electroacoustic music sketches based solely on their notation transcriptions – they had not heard the original sketches. The students’ score interpretations bore obvious similarities to the original music sketches and their written reflections showed that there were no major difficulties in understanding the notation although some difficulties existed concerning finding suitable sounds, especially sounds with stable pitch.","PeriodicalId":16553,"journal":{"name":"Journal of New Music Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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