Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Background: Intermittent fasting has become a new fad diet that may promote an environment to facilitate muscle atrophy, placing aging, and diabetic populations at risk for muscle loss due to nutrient deprivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how nutrient availability and serum environment influence Type 2 diabetic myoblast density and viability, autophagy-related oxidative and inflammatory markers, and upstream gene expression signaling relevant to proteostasis. Methods: To explore this outcome in human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) and diabetic human skeletal muscle myoblast (D-HSMM), myoblast lines were cultured per standard protocol and were incubated for 12 or 24 h with either human serum (HS) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) at varying serum media concentrations: 5%, 10%, and 15%. Cell viability and density were determined; ELISAs were used to assess SOD1 and TNFα; TaqMan gene array plates were used to explore mRNA gene expression related to growth and atrophy. Results: Cell viability (%) analysis showed that 0% concentration, 12 h incubation, and FBS media have lower viability (p ≤ 0.0001); cell density analysis showed lower values in 0% concentration and in the FBS media (p ≤ 0.0001); SOD1 analysis showed a scaled effect (p ≤ 0.05) and higher concentration in HS (12,795.07 ± 677.87 pg/mL; p ≤ 0.0001); TNFα concentration was higher in HSMM compared to D-HSMM (61 ± 0.82 vs. 2.52 ± 0.94 pg/mL; p=0.017), higher at 12 h (6.07 ± 0.88 vs. 2.50 ± 0.88 pg/mL; p=0.006), and higher in FBS (6.05 ± 0.88 vs. 2.08 ± 0.88 pg/mL; p=0.002); no meaningful increase in fold change was seen in mRNA. Conclusions: Myoblast viability and density were lower in the nutrient-deprived conditions and in the FBS compared to the HS serum. The biomarker of oxidative stress was lower in the serum concentration in a scaled effect, yet higher in HS. The biomarker of inflammation was higher in the HSMM cell line, shorter incubation time period, and in FBS. HS used as a media may supply nutrients and hormonal confounders that may support or stress myoblast growth.

The objective of the study was to describe the dietary intake of Brazilian pregnant women assisted by primary healthcare, focusing on the degree of food processing. Data from the cross-sectional multicenter study of iodine deficiency were analyzed. Participants were selected from basic health units in 11 research centers and completed questionnaires regarding socioeconomic status, demographics, and health. Dietary intake information was collected through 24 h recall and analyzed using GloboDiet software. Descriptive analyses estimated the average energy contribution and confidence interval (%) of NOVA food groups in total energy intake, considering the research center, sociodemographic factors, health status, and pregnancy characteristics. The analysis included 2247 pregnant women without history of thyroid disease or surgery, hypothyroidism, or hypertension. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods accounted for 62.1% of total energy intake, while ultraprocessed foods accounted for 23.8%. Food consumption predominantly occurred at home across all NOVA food groups. Ultraprocessed food consumption was lower during lunch and dinner but higher after dinner and when consumed outside the home, particularly in street settings, markets, parks, and/or beaches, compared with other food groups. This pattern was more prevalent among younger pregnant women (p < 0.001), those of white or yellow race (p=0.007), residing in urban areas (p=0.03), and with higher monthly household income (p=0.001). These findings indicate a significant impact on the overall nutritional quality of the diet among pregnant women, with variations based on factors such as age, place of residence, race, income, place of consumption, and occasion of consumption.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most frequently encountered endocrinopathies in women. This study aimed to characterize the genetic (INSR, FTO, DENND1A, and Nrf2) expressions and epigenetic (DNA methylation) modifications, nutritional, metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal markers for patients with PCOS in comparison with their age-matched healthy controls. Design & Methods: The study also aimed to assess the genetic expressions concerning vitamin D status. Sixty-six patients with PCOS and 69 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Fasting blood samples were used to measure genetic and biochemical variables. Real-time PCR was used to assess gene expressions, the bisulfite conversion method was used to evaluate DNA methylation, and multiplex immunoassays were used to measure inflammatory markers. Results: Only two genes (INSR and FTO) were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, while one gene (Nrf2) was significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated in cases in comparison with controls. Furthermore, cases showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher BMI (kg/m²), fat mass, visceral fat surface area, and body fat percentage, as well as higher serum triglyceride levels, atherogenic index, VLDL levels, and TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratios when compared to controls. In contrast, HDL levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the cases. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while anti-inflammatory markers (IL-2 and IL-10) were significantly lower in cases when compared to controls. Conclusions: Women with PCOS may have distinct genetic expressions and anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory markers that predispose to the progression of the disease. Identifying predictive biomarkers fosters the application of precision medicine and personalized nutrition approaches in preventing and managing PCOS.

Background: Childhood overnutrition is a growing public health concern in the 21st century. It is a risk factor for adult obesity and noncommunicable diseases. If no action is taken, it is estimated that 208 million boys and 175 million girls aged 5-19 years will be living with obesity by 2035. This study aimed to determine the physical activity status and prevalence of overnutrition among school-going children aged 8-11 years and further explored the associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among school-going children 8-11 years of age in Thika town, Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 281 children were sampled. The physical activity levels were assessed using the validated physical activity questionnaire for older children. The BMI for age Z-scores (BAZ) was calculated based on weight and height measurements, and children with a BAZ score of +1 standard deviation were considered to have overnutrition. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques. Logistic regression was employed to determine associations between the independent variables and the primary outcome. Results: The prevalence of overnutrition among the children was 11%. On the other hand, 22.4% of the children were underweight. Most of the children (86.5%) attended PE classes. More than half (54.8%) of the children were physically active. Physical inactivity and attending PE classes were not associated with overnutrition. Overnutrition was significantly higher among private than public school children (aOR 2.641; 95% CI = 1.013-6.887, p=0.0047). Conclusion: There is a presence of overnutrition in school children in Thika town, Kenya. The same population is also undernourished, thus demonstrating the double burden of malnutrition. Almost half of the children were physically inactive. An integrated approach to early detection, prevention, and management of malnutrition in children aged 5-19 years is needed. These findings have implications for public health interventions in preventing childhood obesity. Interventions could prioritize encouraging physical activity through school-based education, improvement of community infrastructure, and policy approaches. Multisectoral collaboration can create solutions that encourage active commutes with general obesity prevention.

Previous research on sweeteners' effect on health has focused on indices of cardiometabolic risk factors without considering lipid ratios such as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Castelli Risk Index I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II). The study sought to evaluate the effect of natural sweeteners on lipid profiles and lipid ratios. Seventy-eight female Sprague Dawley rats (6 rats per group) were administered with different doses of sweeteners (3 groups per sweetener): white sugar (0.035 g/mL, 0.07 g/mL, and 0.1 g/mL), brown sugar (0.036 g/mL, 0.072 g/mL, and 0.11 g/mL), honey (0.047 g/mL, 0.094 g/mL, and 0.14 g/mL) and stevia (0.004 g/mL, 0.014 g/mL, and 0.021 g/mL) for 17 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed with high-dose stevia administration (72.7 g ± 10.5). The group administered with high dose of white sugar had the highest CRI-I (1.79 ± 0.11) and CRI-II (0.49 ± 0.09). CRI-I and CRI-II had a dose-dependent increase with white sugar. The AIP was highest in the high-dose stevia group (0.21 ± 0.07) with dose-dependent increases within the stevia group. High intakes of white sugar and stevia tend to promote the development or progression of atherosclerosis.

This study examined the health benefits of 3-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED4), a monoester derivative of resveratrol butyrate esters. Using a high-calorie diet model simulation with Chinese sausage, ED4 was tested against changes in physiological indices like body weight (BW), body fat, blood pressure, and SCFA levels (stools and serum) in rats. This study found that the obesity-inducing model utilizing sausage as a high-calorie diet worked, and that supplementing rats with ED4 (20 mg/kg BW/day) for 5 weeks inhibited BW increase and body fat buildup. Blood lipid and SCFA dysregulation improved significantly. In addition, ED4 effectively increased PPAR-γ and decreased SREBP-1C mRNA expression, preventing fat accumulation and overproduction. A novel food-driven relationship between gut microbiota and adipose was found, promoting health. Our findings showed that ED4 supplementation exacerbated metabolic abnormalities caused by high-calorie diets and reduced body fat. Notably, these metabolic benefits were enhanced through the involvement of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Body image perceptions among young female adults significantly influence their quality of life, nutritional status, and wellbeing. Positive body image is characterized by high self-esteem and accepting one's body as is. This study assessed body image perception, eating habits, and nutritional status of female university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among female students of Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Anthropometry, body image perceptions, and eating habits were evaluated. Body image perceptions and eating habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Majority of the respondents (68%) had normal weight, 25% were overweight, 4% were underweight, and 3% were obese. About half (51%) of the respondents were dissatisfied with their body weight and shape while 49% felt fat and had a strong desire to lose weight. About 69% of the respondents skipped meals and 69% snacked at least once a day. Conclusion: A big proportion of female students expressed dissatisfaction with their body image despite majority having normal weight status. Targeted mental health programs should be designed to help students deal with dissatisfaction and promote general wellbeing.

Background: Knowledge of nutritional aspects, the practice of physical activity, body satisfaction, and explanation of mood is a topic of great relevance in the field of nutrition, as it allows us to understand in a more exhaustive way the implications of the eating pattern on satisfaction with people's lives. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern, physical activity, mood, body satisfaction, and life satisfaction in vegetarian and nonvegetarian Colombian adults. Materials: Study with a quantitative, observational, multivariate, correlational, and cross-sectional approach. The variables dietary pattern, nutritional knowledge, physical activity, mood, body satisfaction, and life satisfaction were analyzed. The sample (N = 478) included the participation of vegetarians (N = 157) and nonvegetarians (N = 321); the selection of the sample was carried out by nonprobabilistic accidental sampling. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, processed using SPSS version 26 and R version 4.4.2, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The effect size was calculated based on mean differences, and Spearman's Rho correlation test was applied, considering a significance level of 0.05. Result: In vegetarians, physical activity showed a positive correlation with mood (r = 0.210, p < 0.01). Body dissatisfaction demonstrated a significant negative correlation with life satisfaction (r = -0.26, p < 0.01) and mood (r = -0.28, p < 0.01). Body dissatisfaction showed a significant positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Life satisfaction was positively correlated with mood (r = 0.54, p < 0.01). Nutritional knowledge exhibited a significant negative correlation with BMI (r = -0.17, p < 0.05). Mood also showed a significant positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.16, p < 0.05). Among nonvegetarians, body dissatisfaction was negatively and significantly correlated with life satisfaction (r = -0.29, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Life satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with mood (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.12, p < 0.05). Nutritional knowledge showed a positive correlation with life satisfaction (r = 0.14, p < 0.05), while mood was negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r = -0.36, p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of nutritional education and its need to adopt a comprehensive approach that includes dietary aspects and considers the relationship between diet, physical activity, and emotional well-being to promote healthy habits and a better quality of life.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs improve life expectancy and reduce mortality. However, due to treatment-related metabolic complications, they are now developing comorbidities. In Ethiopia, there are a few reports of diabetes mellitus (DM)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comorbidity. This study explores the magnitude of DM and associated factors among HIV-infected individuals on follow-up care at Kuyu General Hospital, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted at Kuyu General Hospital from March 10, 2021-April, 2021. Adults with HIV-positive (aged ≥ 18 years) who were on ART were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select 294 HIV-positive adults who attended regular follow-up at the ART clinic. Descriptive analysis was conducted and reported in frequency and percentage. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were computed. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariable analysis were inserted into a multivariable logistic regression model to control possible confounders. The p value < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. Results: The age of the HIV-infected individuals enrolled ranged from 18 to 67 years with the mean age of 39.08 (SD = ±11.5) years. DM was detected in 21 (7.14%; 95% CI: 4.1-10.2) patients on medication whereas fasting plasma glucose between 111-125 mg/dL was 39 (13.3%; 95% CI: 9.5-17.3). The maximum (12.6%) of DM patients were aged 45 years and above. In the multivariable analysis, hypertension (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-10.8), elevated total cholesterol (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.2-15.6), aged 45 years and above (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.15-13.6), and duration of HIV (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.3-16.9) were significantly associated with DM. Conclusions: In this study, the magnitude of DM among HIV-infected adults on ART follow-up was higher than the prevalence of DM in general populations. Older age, hypertension, increased total cholesterol, and duration of HIV were associated with a higher prevalence of DM. It is better for care providers assigned at ART clinics to detect DM, particularly after initiation of ART routinely, which may help to provide integrated care for comorbid patients.

Background: This systematic review aimed to assess the association of iron level with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Methods: The relevant articles published between January 1, 1995 and January 17, 2023 were identified through a systematic literature search. This study used random effects to summarize the relative risks (RRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of GDM risk and standardized mean differences. This study investigated the association of ferritin exposure with GDM combined with dose-response analysis and explored both linear and nonlinear trends. Results: This meta-analysis selected 30 studies with serum ferritin (SF), 18 studies with serum iron (SI), 4 studies with serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), 5 studies with total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and 4 studies with transferrin (TRF). The summarized RRs comparing persons with the highest concentration categories of SF with the lowest concentration categories of SF with an unadjusted odds ratio were 2.05 (1.67-2.53; I ² = 62.8%, p < 0.001, z = 6.76, p < 0.001) and with an adjusted odds ratio were 1.82 (1.54-2.14; I ² = 12.9%, p=0.312, z = 7.21, p < 0.001). Linear dose-response showed that an increase in SF of 5 μg/L increased the risk of GDM by 2.66% (1.026 [95% CI: 1.017, 1.036], n = 5). The nonlinear dose-response relationship also indicates that the increased SF is consistently associated with an increasing risk of GDM. Conclusion: High ferritin, high iron levels, and low TIBC are associated with an increased risk of GDM.