Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

Introduction: Phalsa (Grewia asiatica) fruit is known for its rich nutritional profile and diverse pharmacological properties such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer, making it a promising contender for preventive measures against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in living organisms. Material and Methods: In the present study, rats were provided with different levels of lyophilized Grewia asiatica, i.e., 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight along with control, fed on the basal diet. After trial completion, blood serum samples of rats subjected to renal biomarkers, hematology, and liver function tests, interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT); sodium oxide dismutase, and glutathione) for kidney tissues along with photomicrographs for kidney tissue damage were measured. Results: The findings revealed that lyophilized Grewia asiatica provision effectively reduced renal biomarkers, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine with AKI in the rats as well as treatments demonstrated significant improvements in antioxidant activity by reducing malonaldehyde levels and increasing the activity of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in groups treated with dosages of 300 and 400 mg/kg powder. Conclusion: Grewia asiatica exhibited remarkable hepatoprotective properties by decreasing ALT and displayed anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by a substantial decrease in interleukin-6 serum levels. The study findings also added valuable insight into the multiform nephroprotective reverberation of lyophilized phalsa powder, emphasizing its plausible protective use in reducing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Nutritional anemia is a serious health concern that affects particularly children under 5 years of age and causes problems of physical and mental growth and development. A cross-sectional study determined the rates and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and megaloblastic anemia (MA) and assessed the effect of IDA and MA on developmental outcome at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital from April 2021 to March 2022. The Cochran's formula: n=Z ²PQ/d ² was used to calculate the sample size of 318 and children aged between 6 and 59 months were purposively selected and included in the study. Venous blood specimens were collected in EDTA and clot activator tubes for complete blood count (CBC) and ferritin, respectively, used Sysmex 500i and Cobas e411 analyzers, respectively. Demographic and clinical information was collected on participants and the data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence level. Logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test were used to examine the significance of the associations between explanatory and outcome variables. The ratio of male to female participants was 1.7:1 and the age group 12-23 was the most predominant (35.2%). IDA was more prevalent (93.4%) than MA (6.6%). The factors significantly associated with nutritional anemia at 95% confidence level were residence in rural area (OR = 3.896 and CI = 1.504-10.094), number of meal per day (OR = 23.640 and CI = 3.561-156.949), lacking knowledge of nutritional anemia (OR = 3.242 and CI = 1.205-8.723), parity (OR = 0.197 and CI = 0.108-0.360), history of breastfeeding (OR = 0.38 and CI = 0.004-0.904), source of diet (OR = 0.295 and CI = 0.088-0.988), and lack of food supplements (OR = 3.685 and CI = 1.583-8.580). Nutritional anemia was significantly associated with developmental delay (p < 0.0001). Iron deficiency and megaloblastic anemia present a sizeable challenge in the furtherance of primary healthcare outstandingly in young children and are associated with developmental delay. The mothers' education on nutrition and early diagnosis and management of nutritional anemia would reduce the risk of IDA and MA and related morbidity and mortality in the children at risk.

Overview: SARS CoV-2 infection is accompanied by the development of acute inflammation, resolution of which determines the course of infection and its outcome. If not resolved (brought back to preinjury status), the inflamed state progresses to a severe clinical presentation characterized by uncontrolled cytokine release, systemic inflammation, and in some death. In severe CoV-2 disease, the required balance between protective inflammation and its resolution appears missing, suggesting that the ω-3-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) needed for resolution are either not present or present at ineffective levels compared to competing ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic derivatives. Aim: To determine whether ω-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) metabolites increased in those infected with severe disease compared to uninfected controls. Findings: Increased levels of ω-6 LA metabolites, e.g., arachidonic acid (AA), epoxyeicosatrienoic (EET) acid derivatives of AA (8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs), AA-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) acid, dihydroxylated diols (leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin), and prostaglandin E2 with decreased levels of ω-3-derived inflammation resolving SPMs. Therapeutic treatment of SARS CoV-2 patients with ω-3 PUFA significantly increased 18-HEPE (SPM precursor) and EPA-derived diols (11,12- and 14,15-diHETE), while toxic 9,10- and 12,13-diHOMEs (leukotoxin and iosleukotoxin, respectively) decreased. Conclusion: Unbalanced dietary intake of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs contributed to SARS CoV-2 disease severity by decreasing ω-3-dependent SPM resolution of inflammation and increasing membrane-associated ferroptotic AA peroxidation.

Background: Evidence suggests the positive effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on cancers by limiting glucose availability to cancer cells. This systematic review aimed to explore the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of KD in children with brain tumors including diet side effects, patient tolerance and compliance, tumor response, quality of life, and nutritional status. Methods: Six databases were searched for relevant publications between 1995 and 2022; non-English language publications were excluded to avoid misinterpretation. The Joanna Briggs Institute assessment scale for observational studies was used to measure study methodology quality and evaluate the extent to which the bias possibility in study design, conduct, and analysis has been stated. The study was registered in PROSPERO under registration number (CRD42021281620). Results: Ultimately, eight eligible publications involving a total of 11 children with brain tumors following KD were included. Nine patients followed classic KD with medium-chain triglyceride oil, whereas others followed a modified Atkin or low-carbohydrate diet. KD was well-tolerated, having nonsevere side effects. Six patients showed positive tumor response, five improved neurological skills, and four reported growth improvement. Six patients reported a median overall survival of 17.6 months. Lastly, statistical analyses could not be performed; hence, a meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion: KD may be a safe and feasible dietary intervention for children with brain tumors. However, the effects on tumors remain unclear and require further study. The study limitation included the lack of high-quality and appropriately controlled trials with large samples. Moreover, heterogeneity was observed, and quality-of-life assessments were self-reported, which might have resulted in bias or inaccuracy.

Genistein[5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one] is a phytoestrogens known to positively impact various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, not all studies have yielded consistent results, and existing meta-analyses have not comprehensively addressed all CVD risk factors. We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2024, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We included adult randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined pure genistein supplementation without other combined interventions and reported on at least one CVD risk factor. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors using a standardized form and the Cochrane Collaboration Scale. A total of 21 RCTs were included, with 941 participants in the genistein supplementation group and 918 participants in the control group. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software with the meta package. The meta-analysis revealed that, compared to the placebo group, genistein supplementation significantly improved the levels of TC ([MD 95% CI: -9.38 [-14.64, -4.12]; p < 0.001]), LDL-C ([MD 95% CI: -11.14 [-19.42, -2.86]; p < 0.001]), Lp(a) levels ([MD 95% CI: -0.69 [-0.98, -0.41]; p < 0.01), SBP ([MD 95% CI: -8.32 [-12.44, -4.20]; p < 0.01), DBP ([MD 95% CI: -3.57 [-5.25, -1.89]; P=0.04]), fasting blood glucose ([MD 95% CI: -3.98 [-6.79, -1.17]; p < 0.001]), fasting insulin ([MD 95% CI: -1.79 [-2.05, -1.54]; p < 0.01), HOMA-IR ([MD 95% CI: -0.56 [-0.64, -0.49]; p < 0.01), and homocysteine levels ([MD 95% CI: -0.74 [-1.05, -0.42]; p < 0.01). However, there were no significant improvements in TG, HDL-C, and CRP levels. The observed improvements align with clinically meaningful thresholds for cardiovascular risk reduction. Substantial heterogeneity observed for most outcomes was explored via subgroup analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on treatment duration, geographic region, or participant health status, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I ² statistic. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant differences, indicating that heterogeneity was not influenced by factors such as treatment duration, geographic region, or participant health status. Overall, this meta-analysis provides consistent evidence that genistein intake significantly reduces several important CVD risk factors, including TC, LDL-C, Lp(a), SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homocysteine levels.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common in UC patients due to gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased proinflammatory markers. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, participates in the regulation of gut microbiota and inflammation and has neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we assessed the effects of sodium butyrate supplementation on the disease severity, inflammation, and psychological factors in active UC patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, parallel, double-blind controlled trial. Participants in the intervention (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups received 600 mg/kg of sodium butyrate or rice starch as a placebo with their main meal, respectively, for 12 weeks. The partial Mayo score was used to evaluate disease severity, while the Westergren method was employed to assess the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). NLR and PLR were determined using an automated analyzer (XS-500i, Sysmex). Moreover, the psychological factors were assessed by the hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) and the general health questionnaire (GHQ). Results: In comparison with placebo, sodium-butyrate supplementation significantly decreased the ESR level (-6.66 ± 1.56 vs. 3.00 ± 2.11, p=0.01), NLR (-0.24 ± 0.1 vs. 0.33 ± 0.23, p=0.02), Mayo score (-2.33 ± 0.41 vs. 0.22 ± 0.40, p < 0.001), HADS anxiety score (-2.77 ± 0.64 vs. 0.94 ± 0.63, p=0.001), HADS depression score (-2.38 ± 0.47 vs. 0.61 ± 0.33, p < 0.001), and GHQ total score (-12.11 ± 1.48 vs. 3.55 ± 1.39, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Butyrate could serve as an effective adjuvant treatment for reducing disease severity and alleviating psychological symptoms. This trial was registered on the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, with the reference number IR.SUMS.SCHEANUT.REC.1400.037. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20211214053401N1.

Objective: This study has been conducted to identify the frequency of malnutrition and different factors associated with it among elderly people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), DUHS, Karachi, between January 2023 and October 2023. A total of 325 elderly participants aged ≥ 60 years with Type 2 diabetes were included. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for data collection. Results: Nutritional assessment of older diabetic patients according to the MNA revealed that 226 (69.5%) patients were at risk of malnutrition whereas 53 (16.3%) were malnourished. A total of 325 Type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study with a mean age of 65.7 ± 5.5 years, where 135 (41.5%) were male and 190 (58.5%) were female. Older patients (mean age: 65 years) were significantly more malnourished compared to those with normal nutrition (mean age: 62 years; p=0.021). Employed patients were less likely to have the risk of malnutrition as compared to housewives (p=0.005). Patients who had low family income were eight times more likely to be malnourished as compared to those who had better family income (p=0.003). It was also found that patients with low BMI and calf circumference will be more prone to be malnourished as compared to those with high levels of BMI (p=0.003) and calf circumference (p=0.013). Conclusion: The majority of study participants were at risk of malnourishment, with associated factors such as rapid weight loss, poor health status, decline in physical activity, and food intake. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions for at-risk individuals, including regular screening and nutritional support.

Background: Childhood obesity is a global issue with multifactorial causes, leading to chronic and complex disease affecting all organs and systems with high morbidity and mortality, later in life. Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels are linked to several comorbidities in adults. In children, however, SUA levels vary by age, sex, and pubertal stage, and therefore, this relation is not well documented. While higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with SUA levels, other nutritional assessment methods have not been thoroughly investigated and the link between SUA levels and obesity comorbidities in children is underexplored. Objective: This study aims to determine if hyperuricemia is related to body composition and obesity-related comorbidities in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis examined records from 505 obese children aged 5 to 18. The study evaluated the relationship between three nutritional assessment methods: BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat mass (BFM) percentage determined by bioimpedance (using InBody 270 scale), SUA levels, and blood markers associated with target organ damage. Results: A significant correlation was found between all three nutritional assessment methods (p < 0.001). WHtR showed a stronger correlation with the assessed comorbidities than the BMI z-score. SUA level correlated with HOMA-IR, ALT level, and lipid profile (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated an association between SUA level, BFM percentage, and WHtR (p < 0.001). Significant differences in body composition, SUA, and comorbidity markers were observed between children with and without hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated a strong correlation among all nutritional assessment methods; however, WHtR and BFM percentage had a better correlation with obesity complications. SUA is a potential marker for insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in obese children.

Background and Aim: Emotional eating (EE) is the uncontrollable desire to eat in response to negative emotions such as anxiety, irritation, or depression. The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and strict quarantine raised the likelihood of mental symptoms and, as a consequence, EE. The main objective of this study was to assess the extent of EE and mental health among Lebanese university students and to identify the main correlates of EE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken between March and April 2021. Overall, 356 Lebanese university students aged between 18 and 25 years completed an online questionnaire that assesses EE and mental state, as well as health and eating habits. Results: The total mean EE score was 33.82 (±8.52). The main predictors of EE among university students were a higher grade point average (GPA) (p=0.010), higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), consuming more fats (p=0.013), and eating more sweets and cookies (p=0.010). In addition, depression, anxiety, and stress were highly prevalent among Lebanese university students during the pandemic (43.8%, 51.7%, and 91.6%, respectively). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on emotional well-being and eating behaviors among Lebanese university students. Targeted nutrition education programs that address the cultural and economic realities of Lebanese students, as well as psychological counseling offered by the universities, would be of interest to improve the diet quality and emotional well-being of the students.

Introduction: Despite efforts to address malnutrition, it remains prevalent in Ghana and other developing nations. High rates of malnutrition hinder the achievement of the health-related sustainable development goals. Understanding the factors contributing to undernutrition among pregnant women (PW) is essential for developing targeted interventions. This study, therefore, aims to assess the prevalence of undernutrition, dietary diversity (DD), and predictors of undernutrition among PW in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: Two hospitals within the Effutu Municipality were recruited for the study. The study was conducted among 301 PW (15-49 years) recruited through simple random sampling from September 20, 2022, to October 24, 2022. The mid-upper arm circumference and minimum DD score for women were used as a proxy for undernutrition and DD, respectively. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary regression analysis were conducted to describe variables and identify the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The majority of the respondents (40.5%) were in the age range of 26-30 years and were single (53.2%). The prevalence of undernutrition was 9.3%, while 7.6% of the respondents had poor DD scores. Factors identified to be associated with undernutrition were DD score (OR = 15.244, 95% CI: 5.399-43.040), employment status (OR = 3.311, 95% CI: 1.075-10.195), and parity (OR = 2.903, 95% CI: 1.125-7.492). Conclusion: Effutu Municipality in Ghana faces a moderate prevalence of undernutrition among PW, despite generally adequate DD. Targeted interventions focusing on improving DD, particularly among unemployed and multiparous women, are essential for addressing undernutrition and improving maternal and fetal health outcomes in the study area. These findings underscore the importance of context-specific strategies to combat malnutrition among PW.