Markus Koponen, Jaana Rysä, Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen, Olli Kärkkäinen, Risto O Juvonen
Consumption of a Western diet is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its effect on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver has been studied incompletely. In this study, male LDLr-/-ApoB100/100 mice were fed with Western diet (WD) or a standard diet for five months to reveal the effects on drug metabolism such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidation and conjugation activities in the liver. Hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and early fibrosis were observed in WD fed mice, but not in chow diet control mice. When compared to the controls, the WD-fed mice had significantly decreased protein-normalized CYP probe activities of 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylation (52%), coumarin 7-hydroxylation (26%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (70%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (78%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (81%), and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation (66%). Increased activity was seen significantly in sulfonation of 3-(4-methylphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (289%) and cytosol catechol O-methyltranferase (COMT, 148%) in the WD group when compared to the controls. In conclusion, the WD-induced steatosis in male LDLr-/-ApoB100/100 mice was associated with decreased CYP oxidation reactions but had no clear effects on conjugation reactions of glucuronidation, sulfonation, and cytosolic catechol O-methylation. Consequently, the WD may decrease the metabolic elimination of drugs compared to healthier low-fat diets.
{"title":"Western Diet Decreases Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Male LDLr<sup>-/-</sup>ApoB<sup>100/100</sup> Mice.","authors":"Markus Koponen, Jaana Rysä, Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen, Olli Kärkkäinen, Risto O Juvonen","doi":"10.1155/2023/5599789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5599789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of a Western diet is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its effect on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver has been studied incompletely. In this study, male LDLr<sup>-/-</sup>ApoB<sup>100/100</sup> mice were fed with Western diet (WD) or a standard diet for five months to reveal the effects on drug metabolism such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidation and conjugation activities in the liver. Hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and early fibrosis were observed in WD fed mice, but not in chow diet control mice. When compared to the controls, the WD-fed mice had significantly decreased protein-normalized CYP probe activities of 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylation (52%), coumarin 7-hydroxylation (26%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (70%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (78%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (81%), and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation (66%). Increased activity was seen significantly in sulfonation of 3-(4-methylphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (289%) and cytosol catechol O-methyltranferase (COMT, 148%) in the WD group when compared to the controls. In conclusion, the WD-induced steatosis in male LDLr<sup>-/-</sup>ApoB<sup>100/100</sup> mice was associated with decreased CYP oxidation reactions but had no clear effects on conjugation reactions of glucuronidation, sulfonation, and cytosolic catechol O-methylation. Consequently, the WD may decrease the metabolic elimination of drugs compared to healthier low-fat diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5599789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9283659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Siddiqa, Gulzar H Shah, Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble, Amber Zubair
Child malnutrition persists in low-resource countries such as Pakistan, indicating an urgent need for interventions and policies aimed to address this critical population health issue. The World Health Organization Global Target 2025 includes the reduction of malnourishment in the form of stunting, wasting, and low weight. This study aims to examine the prevalence of factors associated with three measures of child malnutrition, i.e., stunting, wasting, and low weight in Pakistan. This study uses a secondary data analysis design based on data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) that used a two-stage cluster sampling approach. National level data covering urban and rural areas were used for this study consisting of 4,226 children less than 5 years of age. Univariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression models were conducted. Over 23% of the children were underweight, 8.0% suffered wasting, and 37.7% were stunted. Children with small size at birth (<45.7 cm), those who were average in size (45.7 to 60 cm) at birth were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.4890) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children with large size at birth (>60 cm) were also less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.288) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children who consumed fresh milk were less likely to be classified as wasted (AOR, 0.524) than those children who did not consume fresh milk. The children in high- and middle-economic status families were less likely to be stunted, underweight, or wasted. Children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.584) and were less likely to be underweight (AOR, 0.668) than illiterate mothers' children. Children of working mothers were less likely to be wasted compared to children of nonworking mothers (AOR, 0.287). Maternal BMI is also inversely associated with being underweight because overweight and obese mothers were less likely to have underweight children (AOR, 0.585). Our findings reflect a need to design targeted public health policies and community-based education that emphasize the mother's education on nutrition health and provide socioeconomic resources that enable mothers to provide dietary needs that prevent malnutrition.
{"title":"Determinants of Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight: Evidence from 2017 to 2018 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey.","authors":"Maryam Siddiqa, Gulzar H Shah, Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble, Amber Zubair","doi":"10.1155/2023/2845133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2845133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child malnutrition persists in low-resource countries such as Pakistan, indicating an urgent need for interventions and policies aimed to address this critical population health issue. The World Health Organization Global Target 2025 includes the reduction of malnourishment in the form of stunting, wasting, and low weight. This study aims to examine the prevalence of factors associated with three measures of child malnutrition, i.e., stunting, wasting, and low weight in Pakistan. This study uses a secondary data analysis design based on data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) that used a two-stage cluster sampling approach. National level data covering urban and rural areas were used for this study consisting of 4,226 children less than 5 years of age. Univariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression models were conducted. Over 23% of the children were underweight, 8.0% suffered wasting, and 37.7% were stunted. Children with small size at birth (<45.7 cm), those who were average in size (45.7 to 60 cm) at birth were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.4890) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children with large size at birth (>60 cm) were also less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.288) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children who consumed fresh milk were less likely to be classified as wasted (AOR, 0.524) than those children who did not consume fresh milk. The children in high- and middle-economic status families were less likely to be stunted, underweight, or wasted. Children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.584) and were less likely to be underweight (AOR, 0.668) than illiterate mothers' children. Children of working mothers were less likely to be wasted compared to children of nonworking mothers (AOR, 0.287). Maternal BMI is also inversely associated with being underweight because overweight and obese mothers were less likely to have underweight children (AOR, 0.585). Our findings reflect a need to design targeted public health policies and community-based education that emphasize the mother's education on nutrition health and provide socioeconomic resources that enable mothers to provide dietary needs that prevent malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2845133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10008110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9113804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fitrah Ernawati, Efriwati, Nunung Nurjanah, Galih Kusuma Aji, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Yekti Widodo, Fifi Retiaty, Mutiara Prihatini, Aya Yuriestia Arifin, Dian Sundari, Rika Rachmalina, Salimar, Elisa Diana Julianti, Muhammad Nur Aidi, Ahmad Syauqy
Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in school-aged children are still a major health problem in Indonesia. This study was designed to examine the status of micronutrients and their relationship to the nutritional status of children aged 5-12 years since an up-to-date database on the micronutrient status of children aged 5-12 years is needed. Data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) were used in this study, with 2456 subjects for analysis. Micronutrient analysis was carried out, including iron status (ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP)), levels of zinc, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin A (retinol) in school-aged children (5-12 years). The ELISA measurement was applied to measure CRP, ferritin, and vitamin D. Zinc levels were analysed with atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to calculate vitamin A. In addition, stunting and thinness data were also obtained from the Riskesdas study. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting and thinness in school-aged children was 11.4% and 9.2%, respectively, showing that the stunting prevalence in the city was lower than in the village (4.5% vs. 6.9%, P = 0.000, respectively). In addition, the prevalence of MNDs in Indonesian children was 13.4%, 19.7%, 4.2%, 3%, and 12.7% for ferritin, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D, respectively. The mean serum level of vitamin A and zinc was significantly lower in stunted children compared to normal school children (P = 0.010 and P = 0.014). The serum concentration of vitamin D was significantly lower in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (P = 0.000). Serum values of ferritin, zinc, and vitamin A were significantly higher in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (P = 0.000). A poor correlation was observed between the z-score of height-for-age (HAZ) and the levels of zinc (r = 0.089, P = 0.000), vitamin A (r = 0.105, P = 0.000), and vitamin D (-0.073, P = 0.000). In addition, very weak correlations between z-scores of body mass index-for-age (BAZ) and the serum concentrations of ferritin (0.091, P = 0.000), zinc (r = 0.115, P = 0.000), vitamin A (r = 0.137, P = 0.000), and vitamin D (r = -0.112, P = 0.000) were also seen. In conclusion, school-aged children in Indonesia experienced stunting, thinness, and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, stunting and thinness were also related to micronutrient deficiencies.
在印度尼西亚，学龄儿童微量营养素缺乏症仍然是一个主要的健康问题。这项研究的目的是检查微量营养素的状况及其与5-12岁儿童营养状况的关系，因为需要一个关于5-12岁儿童微量营养素状况的最新数据库。本研究使用了2018年印度尼西亚基础卫生研究(Riskesdas)的数据，共有2456名受试者进行分析。进行微量营养素分析，包括学龄儿童(5-12岁)的铁状态(铁蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP))、锌、维生素D、钙和维生素A(视黄醇)水平。ELISA法测定CRP、铁蛋白和维生素d，原子吸收光谱法分析锌水平。此外，采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)计算维生素a。此外，还从Riskesdas研究中获得了发育不良和瘦度数据。结果显示，学龄儿童发育迟缓和消瘦患病率分别为11.4%和9.2%，城市发育迟缓患病率低于农村(4.5% vs. 6.9%， P = 0.000)。此外，印度尼西亚儿童的MNDs患病率分别为13.4%，19.7%，4.2%，3%和12.7%，分别为铁蛋白，锌，钙，维生素A和维生素D。发育不良儿童血清维生素A和锌的平均水平显著低于正常学龄儿童(P = 0.010和P = 0.014)。超重儿童血清维生素D浓度明显低于消瘦和正常儿童(P = 0.000)。血清铁蛋白、锌和维生素A值超重儿童明显高于瘦和正常儿童(P = 0.000)。年龄相对身高(HAZ)的z-score与锌(r = 0.089, P = 0.000)、维生素A (r = 0.105, P = 0.000)、维生素D (-0.073, P = 0.000)的水平相关性较差。此外，年龄体质指数(BAZ) z分数与血清铁蛋白(0.091,P = 0.000)、锌(r = 0.115, P = 0.000)、维生素A (r = 0.137, P = 0.000)、维生素D (r = -0.112, P = 0.000)浓度之间也存在极弱的相关性。总之，印度尼西亚的学龄儿童发育迟缓、消瘦和微量营养素缺乏。此外，发育迟缓和消瘦也与微量营养素缺乏有关。
{"title":"Micronutrients and Nutrition Status of School-Aged Children in Indonesia.","authors":"Fitrah Ernawati, Efriwati, Nunung Nurjanah, Galih Kusuma Aji, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Yekti Widodo, Fifi Retiaty, Mutiara Prihatini, Aya Yuriestia Arifin, Dian Sundari, Rika Rachmalina, Salimar, Elisa Diana Julianti, Muhammad Nur Aidi, Ahmad Syauqy","doi":"10.1155/2023/4610038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4610038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in school-aged children are still a major health problem in Indonesia. This study was designed to examine the status of micronutrients and their relationship to the nutritional status of children aged 5-12 years since an up-to-date database on the micronutrient status of children aged 5-12 years is needed. Data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) were used in this study, with 2456 subjects for analysis. Micronutrient analysis was carried out, including iron status (ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP)), levels of zinc, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin A (retinol) in school-aged children (5-12 years). The ELISA measurement was applied to measure CRP, ferritin, and vitamin D. Zinc levels were analysed with atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to calculate vitamin A. In addition, stunting and thinness data were also obtained from the Riskesdas study. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting and thinness in school-aged children was 11.4% and 9.2%, respectively, showing that the stunting prevalence in the city was lower than in the village (4.5% vs. 6.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.000, respectively). In addition, the prevalence of MNDs in Indonesian children was 13.4%, 19.7%, 4.2%, 3%, and 12.7% for ferritin, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D, respectively. The mean serum level of vitamin A and zinc was significantly lower in stunted children compared to normal school children (<i>P</i> = 0.010 and <i>P</i> = 0.014). The serum concentration of vitamin D was significantly lower in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (<i>P</i> = 0.000). Serum values of ferritin, zinc, and vitamin A were significantly higher in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (<i>P</i> = 0.000). A poor correlation was observed between the z-score of height-for-age (HAZ) and the levels of zinc (<i>r</i> = 0.089, <i>P</i> = 0.000), vitamin A (<i>r</i> = 0.105, <i>P</i> = 0.000), and vitamin D (-0.073, <i>P</i> = 0.000). In addition, very weak correlations between z-scores of body mass index-for-age (BAZ) and the serum concentrations of ferritin (0.091, <i>P</i> = 0.000), zinc (<i>r</i> = 0.115, <i>P</i> = 0.000), vitamin A (<i>r</i> = 0.137, <i>P</i> = 0.000), and vitamin D (<i>r</i> = -0.112, <i>P</i> = 0.000) were also seen. In conclusion, school-aged children in Indonesia experienced stunting, thinness, and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, stunting and thinness were also related to micronutrient deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4610038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maha Hussein, Aasem Saif, Mona Amin, Osama Khalafallah, Ahmed Hussien, Samar Aboulsoud, Shrook Mousa
Methods and results: The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (p < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol.
Conclusion: Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.
{"title":"Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Maha Hussein, Aasem Saif, Mona Amin, Osama Khalafallah, Ahmed Hussien, Samar Aboulsoud, Shrook Mousa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6661585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6661585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6661585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10276020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2022/7227511
Carina Aparecida Pinto, Dayane de Castro Morais, Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes, Nathália Marcolini Pelucio Pizato, Franciane Rocha de Faria, Renata Junqueira Pereira, Danielle Goés da Silva, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho, Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho Oliveira, Naiara Sperandio, Anderson Marliere Navarro, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Silvia Eloiza Priore
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of iodine in drinking water in the same or different seasons of the year in Brazilian macroregions.
Method: Water samples were collected from the Basic Health Units of eight municipalities that make up the different Brazilian macroregions and the Federal District. Sample collection took place in the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons. The spectrophotometric method with "leuco crystal violet" was used to determine the concentration of iodine in the water. Descriptive statistics on the data were performed. To verify if there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the climatic seasons of the year in the same place and between the same seasons in different locations, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test was used and a p < 0.05 value was considered significant.
Results: Among the climatic seasons throughout the year in the same location, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the municipality of Pinhais, state of Paraná/South macroregion, between autumn and summer (p=0.041) and winter and summer seasons (p=0.003). There was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the summer season between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Southeast and South (p < 0.05). In the autumn season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Northeast and South (p < 0.05). In the winter season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (p < 0.05). In the spring season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: There were differences in the iodine concentrations in drinking water in different locations in Brazil, when analyzed in the same seasons, and in the municipality of Pinhais between the autumn and summer and winter and summer seasons. Thus, it is suggested to monitor the iodine concentrations in water, considering the differences in climate, characteristics of each region, and soils throughout the Brazilian territory, since the deficiency or excess of iodine can bring risks to the health of the population.
{"title":"Iodine Concentration in Drinking Water in the Same or Different Seasons of the Year in Brazilian Macroregions.","authors":"Carina Aparecida Pinto, Dayane de Castro Morais, Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes, Nathália Marcolini Pelucio Pizato, Franciane Rocha de Faria, Renata Junqueira Pereira, Danielle Goés da Silva, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho, Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho Oliveira, Naiara Sperandio, Anderson Marliere Navarro, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Silvia Eloiza Priore","doi":"10.1155/2022/7227511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7227511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of iodine in drinking water in the same or different seasons of the year in Brazilian macroregions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Water samples were collected from the Basic Health Units of eight municipalities that make up the different Brazilian macroregions and the Federal District. Sample collection took place in the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons. The spectrophotometric method with \"leuco crystal violet\" was used to determine the concentration of iodine in the water. Descriptive statistics on the data were performed. To verify if there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the climatic seasons of the year in the same place and between the same seasons in different locations, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test was used and a <i>p</i> < 0.05 value was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the climatic seasons throughout the year in the same location, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the municipality of Pinhais, state of Paraná/South macroregion, between autumn and summer (<i>p</i>=0.041) and winter and summer seasons (<i>p</i>=0.003). There was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the summer season between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Southeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the autumn season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Northeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the winter season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the spring season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were differences in the iodine concentrations in drinking water in different locations in Brazil, when analyzed in the same seasons, and in the municipality of Pinhais between the autumn and summer and winter and summer seasons. Thus, it is suggested to monitor the iodine concentrations in water, considering the differences in climate, characteristics of each region, and soils throughout the Brazilian territory, since the deficiency or excess of iodine can bring risks to the health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"7227511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical activity is beneficial to modulate immune system function and has inverse relationship to ARDS linked with SARS-CoV-2. Physical activity consists of daily activity and physical training. Studies regarding effect of physical training on patients with COVID-19 are controversial. This systematic review aims to investigate physical training on muscle health and QOL in patients with COVID-19. The literature review was carried out using keywords: (Exercise) AND (COVID) AND (Muscle) AND (Observational Study) in several databases of PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All references were reviewed using critical appraisal Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) checklist. The studies were subsequently screened for reporting exercise, muscle, and COVID-19. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with GRADE approach. This study is registered in PROSPERO: ID CRD42021295188. Six studies pooled and entered review synthesis. Studies were reviewed using critical appraisal by NOS and CEBM. Two clinical trial studies and four observational designs were selected. Our result showed physical training improved patients' outcomes in the acute phase, critical phase, and post-COVID-19 phase. Multiple types of physical trainings were suggested by those studies, and most of them showed beneficial effects to patients with COVID-19 in different phases. The level of evidence by GRADE was downgraded, and further investigations are needed to establish guidelines and strong recommendation for a specific stage of COVID-19.
体育活动有利于调节免疫系统功能，与SARS-CoV-2相关的ARDS呈反比关系。体育活动包括日常活动和体育训练。关于体育锻炼对COVID-19患者影响的研究存在争议。本系统综述旨在探讨体育锻炼对COVID-19患者肌肉健康和生活质量的影响。使用关键词:(Exercise) AND (COVID) AND (Muscle) AND (Observational Study)在PubMed和Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central)的多个数据库中进行文献综述。所有参考文献均采用批判性评价纽卡斯尔渥太华量表(NOS)和循证医学中心(CEBM)检查表进行审查。随后对这些研究进行了筛选，以报告运动、肌肉和COVID-19。对提取的数据的描述由采用GRADE方法的系统评价首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明指导。本研究注册在PROSPERO: ID CRD42021295188。6项研究汇总并进入综述综合。通过NOS和CEBM的批判性评价对研究进行了回顾。选择了两项临床试验研究和四项观察性设计。我们的研究结果显示，体育锻炼改善了患者在急性期、关键期和后covid -19期的预后。这些研究建议进行多种类型的体育锻炼，并且大多数对不同阶段的COVID-19患者都有有益的效果。GRADE的证据等级被降级，需要进一步调查，以制定针对COVID-19特定阶段的指南和强烈建议。
{"title":"Appropriate Timing and Type of Physical Training in Patients with COVID-19 for Muscle Health and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review","authors":"I. Aryana, S. Setiati, I. Paulus, D. Daniella","doi":"10.1155/2022/6119593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6119593","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is beneficial to modulate immune system function and has inverse relationship to ARDS linked with SARS-CoV-2. Physical activity consists of daily activity and physical training. Studies regarding effect of physical training on patients with COVID-19 are controversial. This systematic review aims to investigate physical training on muscle health and QOL in patients with COVID-19. The literature review was carried out using keywords: (Exercise) AND (COVID) AND (Muscle) AND (Observational Study) in several databases of PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All references were reviewed using critical appraisal Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) checklist. The studies were subsequently screened for reporting exercise, muscle, and COVID-19. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with GRADE approach. This study is registered in PROSPERO: ID CRD42021295188. Six studies pooled and entered review synthesis. Studies were reviewed using critical appraisal by NOS and CEBM. Two clinical trial studies and four observational designs were selected. Our result showed physical training improved patients' outcomes in the acute phase, critical phase, and post-COVID-19 phase. Multiple types of physical trainings were suggested by those studies, and most of them showed beneficial effects to patients with COVID-19 in different phases. The level of evidence by GRADE was downgraded, and further investigations are needed to establish guidelines and strong recommendation for a specific stage of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47420871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Visuthranukul, S. Sriswasdi, Surapun Tepaamorndech, Y. Joyjinda, Puthita Saengpanit, Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen, Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit, Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul, S. Chomtho
Background Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. Objective This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7–15. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity were compared with normal-weight Thai children from a previous publication using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOSIM. Relationships of gut microbiota with lifestyle activity, body composition, and metabolic profiles were assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation. Results The study enrolled 164 obese children with a male percentage of 59%. Mean age was 10.4 ± 2.2 years with a BMI z-score of 3.2 ± 1. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were found to be lower in obese children compared to nonobese children. Alpha-diversity indices showed no differences between groups, while beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the family and genus levels. CCA revealed significant correlations of the relative abundance of gut microbial phyla with sedentary lifestyle and certain metabolic markers. Univariate analysis revealed that Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with body weight and screen time. Additionally, Actinobacteria was also negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Lactobacillus showed positive correlation with acanthosis nigricans and adiposity. Cooccurrence analysis revealed 90 significant bacterial copresence and mutual exclusion interactions among 43 genera in obese children, whereas only 2 significant cooccurrences were found in nonobese children. Conclusions The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in obese Thai children were different from those of their normal-weight peers. Specific gut microbiota were associated with lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic features in obese children. An interventional study is needed to support causality between specific gut microbiota and obesity.
{"title":"Association of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Lifestyle Activity, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profiles in Thai Children with Obesity","authors":"C. Visuthranukul, S. Sriswasdi, Surapun Tepaamorndech, Y. Joyjinda, Puthita Saengpanit, Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen, Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit, Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul, S. Chomtho","doi":"10.1155/2022/3029582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3029582","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. Objective This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7–15. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity were compared with normal-weight Thai children from a previous publication using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOSIM. Relationships of gut microbiota with lifestyle activity, body composition, and metabolic profiles were assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation. Results The study enrolled 164 obese children with a male percentage of 59%. Mean age was 10.4 ± 2.2 years with a BMI z-score of 3.2 ± 1. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were found to be lower in obese children compared to nonobese children. Alpha-diversity indices showed no differences between groups, while beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the family and genus levels. CCA revealed significant correlations of the relative abundance of gut microbial phyla with sedentary lifestyle and certain metabolic markers. Univariate analysis revealed that Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with body weight and screen time. Additionally, Actinobacteria was also negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Lactobacillus showed positive correlation with acanthosis nigricans and adiposity. Cooccurrence analysis revealed 90 significant bacterial copresence and mutual exclusion interactions among 43 genera in obese children, whereas only 2 significant cooccurrences were found in nonobese children. Conclusions The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in obese Thai children were different from those of their normal-weight peers. Specific gut microbiota were associated with lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic features in obese children. An interventional study is needed to support causality between specific gut microbiota and obesity.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Kharaba, Nour Sammani, Samar Ashour, R. Ghemrawi, Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Ahmad Al-Azayzih, M. Buabeid, Y. Alfoteih
Background Caffeine is widely consumed among students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing effects. However, little is known about the consumption pattern of different caffeinated products among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aim To investigate the frequency of caffeine consumption among the young population of students, assess types of caffeinated products consumed, and document adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms experienced by university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the UAE from December 2019 to March 2020. A random sample of 500 university students from different universities in the UAE were approached and asked to complete a self-administered online-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results Of (n = 500) surveyed students, (n = 467) completed the survey 93.4%. The average level of caffeine consumption was significantly higher in females compared to male students (p < 0.005). Coffee was the highest favored source of caffeine (67.7%) followed by tea (47.3%). The average daily intake of caffeine was found to be 264 mg/day. Surprisingly, almost a third of students reported a high level of daily consumption (>400 mg/day) and more than half of them consumed less than 199 mg/day. Large proportions of students 91.1% have their caffeinated beverage after or while eating meals and 42.8% considered that this habit helped in avoiding acid reflux. Interestingly, around one third of participants have poor knowledge of caffeine-containing medical products, which seemed to affect the level of consumption in the student population (p < 0.05). The highest reported reason for caffeine intake was for studying purposes (59.4%). Conclusion Caffeine consumption is highly prevalent among university students in the UAE. Yet, there is insufficiency in the current knowledge of safe caffeine consumption patterns reflecting the importance of health awareness programs and nutritional lectures to decrease the long-term health issues and unintentional overdose of caffeine.
{"title":"Caffeine Consumption among Various University Students in the UAE, Exploring the Frequencies, Different Sources and Reporting Adverse Effects and Withdrawal Symptoms","authors":"Z. Kharaba, Nour Sammani, Samar Ashour, R. Ghemrawi, Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Ahmad Al-Azayzih, M. Buabeid, Y. Alfoteih","doi":"10.1155/2022/5762299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5762299","url":null,"abstract":"Background Caffeine is widely consumed among students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing effects. However, little is known about the consumption pattern of different caffeinated products among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aim To investigate the frequency of caffeine consumption among the young population of students, assess types of caffeinated products consumed, and document adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms experienced by university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the UAE from December 2019 to March 2020. A random sample of 500 university students from different universities in the UAE were approached and asked to complete a self-administered online-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results Of (n = 500) surveyed students, (n = 467) completed the survey 93.4%. The average level of caffeine consumption was significantly higher in females compared to male students (p < 0.005). Coffee was the highest favored source of caffeine (67.7%) followed by tea (47.3%). The average daily intake of caffeine was found to be 264 mg/day. Surprisingly, almost a third of students reported a high level of daily consumption (>400 mg/day) and more than half of them consumed less than 199 mg/day. Large proportions of students 91.1% have their caffeinated beverage after or while eating meals and 42.8% considered that this habit helped in avoiding acid reflux. Interestingly, around one third of participants have poor knowledge of caffeine-containing medical products, which seemed to affect the level of consumption in the student population (p < 0.05). The highest reported reason for caffeine intake was for studying purposes (59.4%). Conclusion Caffeine consumption is highly prevalent among university students in the UAE. Yet, there is insufficiency in the current knowledge of safe caffeine consumption patterns reflecting the importance of health awareness programs and nutritional lectures to decrease the long-term health issues and unintentional overdose of caffeine.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44157900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Several studies have suggested that increased oxidative stress during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. As selenium is an essential mineral with an antioxidant role, our aim was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched for studies reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials on human subjects reported in English and published up to October 2021 were included. Quality assessments were conducted using the modified Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Data were extracted using a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles were included in our systematic review (seventeen reported on maternal outcomes, two on newborn outcomes, and three on both). Maternal studies reported the effects of selenium supplementation in the prevention of thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, oxidative stress, postpartum depression, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth retardation, breastmilk composition, and HIV-positive women. Newborn studies reported the effects of maternal selenium supplementation on foetal oxidation stress, foetal lipid profile, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and newborn outcomes in HIV-positive mothers. The majority of studies were inappropriately designed to establish clinical or scientific utility. Of interest, four studies reported that selenium supplementation reduced the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and permanent hypothyroidism during the postpartum period by reducing thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody titres. Conclusion The evidence supporting selenium supplementation during pregnancy is poor and there is a need for appropriately designed randomised controlled trials before routine use can be recommended.
背景几项研究表明，妊娠期间氧化应激的增加可能与母体和胎儿的不良结局有关。由于硒是一种具有抗氧化作用的必需矿物质，我们的目的是对现有文献进行系统综述，这些文献报道了孕期补充硒对孕产妇和新生儿结局的影响。材料和方法检索6个电子数据库（Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Scopus和PubMed），研究妊娠期和产后补硒对孕产妇和新生儿结局的影响。仅包括截至2021年10月以英文报道并发表的针对人类受试者的随机对照试验。使用改良的Downs和Black质量评估工具进行质量评估。数据采用叙述综合法提取。结果在我们的系统综述中纳入了22篇文章（17篇报道了产妇结局，2篇报道了新生儿结局，3篇报道了两者）。母体研究报告了硒补充剂在预防甲状腺功能障碍、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠高血压/先兆子痫、氧化应激、产后抑郁、胎膜早破、宫内生长迟缓、母乳成分和HIV阳性妇女方面的作用。新生儿研究报告了母亲补充硒对HIV阳性母亲的胎儿氧化应激、胎儿脂质状况、新生儿高胆红素血症和新生儿结局的影响。大多数研究的设计不恰当，目的是建立临床或科学实用性。令人感兴趣的是，四项研究报告称，硒补充剂通过降低甲状腺过氧化物酶和甲状腺球蛋白抗体滴度，降低了产后甲状腺功能障碍和永久性甲状腺功能减退的发生率。结论支持妊娠期补充硒的证据不足，在推荐常规使用硒之前，需要进行适当设计的随机对照试验。
{"title":"Selenium Supplementation in Pregnancy-Maternal and Newborn Outcomes","authors":"K. Biswas, J. McLay, F. Campbell","doi":"10.1155/2022/4715965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4715965","url":null,"abstract":"Background Several studies have suggested that increased oxidative stress during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. As selenium is an essential mineral with an antioxidant role, our aim was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched for studies reporting the effects of selenium supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials on human subjects reported in English and published up to October 2021 were included. Quality assessments were conducted using the modified Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Data were extracted using a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles were included in our systematic review (seventeen reported on maternal outcomes, two on newborn outcomes, and three on both). Maternal studies reported the effects of selenium supplementation in the prevention of thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, oxidative stress, postpartum depression, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth retardation, breastmilk composition, and HIV-positive women. Newborn studies reported the effects of maternal selenium supplementation on foetal oxidation stress, foetal lipid profile, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and newborn outcomes in HIV-positive mothers. The majority of studies were inappropriately designed to establish clinical or scientific utility. Of interest, four studies reported that selenium supplementation reduced the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and permanent hypothyroidism during the postpartum period by reducing thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody titres. Conclusion The evidence supporting selenium supplementation during pregnancy is poor and there is a need for appropriately designed randomised controlled trials before routine use can be recommended.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43433701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khanna, J. Wilkins, Hongyan Ning, N. Allen, C. Lewis, J. Carr, D. Lloyd-Jones, L. VanWagner
Objective We evaluated the association of apolipoprotein B (apoB) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in early adulthood with concordant/discordant associations and midlife NAFLD. Methods Participants from the CARDIA study were included (n = 2,655; baseline mean age: 25.0, 59.1% female, and 48.6% black). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield units after excluding other causes of liver fat. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of Y25 NAFLD among tertiles of apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG and quartiles of the apoB/TG ratio. Discordance/concordance analyses examined the association of apoB with each lipid marker and Y25 NAFLD. Results The Y25 NAFLD prevalence was 10%. The high-tertile TG group (OR 1.87, 95% CI, and 1.30–2.69) and the low- (OR 1.98, 95% CI, and 1.30–3.01) and middle-apoB/TG ratio groups (OR 1.78, 95% CI, and 1.17–2.72) had the greatest odds of midlife NAFLD. Using discordance/concordance analysis, the high-apoB/high-TG group had the highest odds of NAFLD (OR 1.69, 95% CI, and 1.09–2.61) followed by the low-apoB/high-TG group. The high apoB/low TG group had the lowest odds of NAFLD. Conclusions Among the studied lipid markers in early adulthood, TG levels have the strongest and most consistent association with midlife NAFLD.
{"title":"Lipoprotein Levels in Early Adulthood and NAFLD in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","authors":"S. Khanna, J. Wilkins, Hongyan Ning, N. Allen, C. Lewis, J. Carr, D. Lloyd-Jones, L. VanWagner","doi":"10.1155/2022/1727711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1727711","url":null,"abstract":"Objective We evaluated the association of apolipoprotein B (apoB) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in early adulthood with concordant/discordant associations and midlife NAFLD. Methods Participants from the CARDIA study were included (n = 2,655; baseline mean age: 25.0, 59.1% female, and 48.6% black). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤40 Hounsfield units after excluding other causes of liver fat. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of Y25 NAFLD among tertiles of apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG and quartiles of the apoB/TG ratio. Discordance/concordance analyses examined the association of apoB with each lipid marker and Y25 NAFLD. Results The Y25 NAFLD prevalence was 10%. The high-tertile TG group (OR 1.87, 95% CI, and 1.30–2.69) and the low- (OR 1.98, 95% CI, and 1.30–3.01) and middle-apoB/TG ratio groups (OR 1.78, 95% CI, and 1.17–2.72) had the greatest odds of midlife NAFLD. Using discordance/concordance analysis, the high-apoB/high-TG group had the highest odds of NAFLD (OR 1.69, 95% CI, and 1.09–2.61) followed by the low-apoB/high-TG group. The high apoB/low TG group had the lowest odds of NAFLD. Conclusions Among the studied lipid markers in early adulthood, TG levels have the strongest and most consistent association with midlife NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44288058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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