Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine最新文献

Background: Elucidating the immune cell network is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Flow cytometry is the preferred tool for quantifying the composition of immune cells in the pathological process of inflammation. Perfusion prior to tissue harvesting is necessary for flow cytometric analysis of various tissues. However, whether perfusion is necessary for flow cytometric analysis of murine gingival tissues has never been reported.

Method: Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into four groups: control + non-perfused group, control + perfused group, periodontitis + non-perfused group, and periodontitis + perfused group. Ligation-induced experimental periodontitis was established in periodontitis mice. The circulating blood was perfused out in the perfused groups before harvesting tissue samples. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the composition of immune cells in murine palatal gingival tissues.

Results: Experimental periodontitis induced alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Perfusion can successfully remove blood from the vessels of murine periodontal tissues. Flow cytometric analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of various immune cells in murine gingival tissues between the perfusion groups and the non-perfusion groups.

Conclusion: The present study was the first to use flow cytometry to compare perfused mouse gingiva with non-perfused mouse gingiva and found no significant difference in immune cell composition between the two groups. In addition, this study provides a simple and efficient protocol for the collection and processing of murine gingival tissue, which could provide facilities for understanding the role and mechanism of the immune cell network in periodontal diseases.

Background: CBD holds substantial promise in medical applications. This review aims to comprehensively analyse the current status of cannabidiol (CBD) in dentistry.

Methods: A systematic search of databases including PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO), and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) was conducted. Peer-reviewed journal manuscripts focusing on cell studies, clinical trials, and registered patents related to CBD and its derivatives in dentistry were summarised. Inclusion criteria were studies on CBD in dentistry, including original research and patents, published in English between 2013 and mid-2023 (articles) or early 2024 (patents), with full-text availability. Excluded were non-dentistry studies, unpublished or non-peer-reviewed reports, and duplicates using Microsoft Excel. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Two observers independently screened the articles for inclusion in the present study to mitigate bias. Cohen's kappa was used to measure inter-rater agreement.

Results: The total number of included studies was 57. Cell-based studies demonstrated CBD's effectiveness in modulating cellular responses and anti-inflammatory properties, especially in oral-origin cells, and its impact on osteogenic differentiation. Research, including clinical trials and patents, has shown CBD's benefits in treating pain and inflammation in the maxillofacial area, notably in conditions such as radiation-induced mucositis. CBD research in dental pain and inflammation is advanced, but studies on CBD's role in regenerative dentistry remain limited.

Conclusion: More studies on the mineralisation of oro-facial structures are necessary to fully understand CBD's role in regenerative dentistry. This study was supported by the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University. This study was registered in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD4201055832) and Open Science Framework (OSF) database (osf.io/z3bd8). The PRISMA guideline was followed to include the relevant full-text papers.

Introduction: Methylation of tumor-suppressor gene promoters, particularly p16^INK4A, is implicated in oral carcinogenesis. Although associations with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) have been reported, no systematic review has examined these conditions while assessing evidence certainty. This review evaluated whether p16^INK4A promoter methylation is associated with OSCC and OPMD.

Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Livivo, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies were selected by title/abstract and then full-text review. Eligible studies investigated p16^INK4A methylation in OSCC or OPMD with comparator groups. Data were meta-analyzed using random-effects models to obtain pooled odds ratios (OR). Heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity analyses, and prediction intervals were assessed. Evidence certainty was rated using GRADE.

Results: Twenty-four studies were included, comprising 1330 OSCC patients, 606 OPMD patients, and 681 healthy controls. Meta-analyses demonstrated a strong association between p16^INK4A methylation and OSCC when compared with healthy controls (OR = 11.59; 95% CI = 6.01-22.37; p < 0.0001), with surgical margins (OR = 3.24; 95% CI = 1.86-5.65; p < 0.0001) and with OPMD (OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 2.47-5.59; p < 0.0001). OPMD also showed increased methylation versus healthy controls (OR = 24.8; 95% CI = 7.4-83.14; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: p16^INK4A methylation is strongly associated with OSCC and OPMD; however, due to heterogeneity and low certainty of evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further standardized, well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of p16^INK4A methylation in oral carcinogenesis.

Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42023410477.

Objective: To identify key clinical and therapeutic predictors of malignancy in a well-characterized, multicenter Spanish cohort of patients with Sjögren's disease (SjD).

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the SjögrenSER-TRANS registry, a national cohort of 437 SjD patients from 33 Spanish hospitals who fulfilled the 2002 AECG classification criteria. Clinical, serological, and treatment-related variables were systematically collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. Bivariate analysis (chi-squared for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables) was performed to identify associations with malignancy (p < 0.05), followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent predictors.

Results: Malignancy was identified in 30 patients (6.86%), with gynecological cancers (30%) and lymphomas (23.3%) being the most common types. Independent predictors of malignancy included older age (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.007-1.079), glandular inflammation (OR 2.888, 95% CI 1.281-6.512), and rituximab use (OR 3.959, 95% CI 1.461-10.730).

Conclusion: This study underscores the role of older age, glandular inflammation, and rituximab use as key risk factors for malignancy in SjD. However, the association with rituximab should be interpreted with caution, as indication bias cannot be ruled out. These findings emphasize the need for improved risk stratification and targeted surveillance strategies to facilitate early detection and enhance malignancy management in clinical practice. Prospective studies are warranted to refine monitoring protocols and optimize patient outcomes.

Introduction: While the prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) is low in the whole head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) population, it has been suggested to be more prominent in tumors of non-smokers. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the presence of MSI in a cohort of well-defined HNSCC of non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND).

Methods: Clinical characteristics and tumor tissue of 119 NSND with HNSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 protein expression on tissue microarrays (TMA). In case of negative staining for one of these mismatch repair proteins in the TMA cores, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was repeated on a whole slide section and additional molecular analyses were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results: Two cases showed dubious loss of MSH2 expression, one of these with concurrent dubious loss of MSH6 on the TMA. However, MSH2 and MSH6 expression was retained on whole slide sections and PCR and qPCR analyses did not show any mutations, compatible with a microsatellite stable result.

Conclusion: This study shows no single case with MSI in the NSND subgroup of HNSCC. Although a deficient DNA mismatch repair system is a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, we found no evidence to support routine analysis of MSI in HNSCC, also not in the subgroup of NSND.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate Machine Learning models to predict the malignant transformation (MT) in patients with actinic cheilitis (AC).

Methods: Three hundred forty patients diagnosed with AC (322 in the no MT group, and 18 in the MT group) were carefully documented. The study used the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling to adaptively balance the dataset (322 in the no MT group and 319 in the MT group). Four supervised Machine Learning classifiers (Random Forest, Xtreme Gradient Boosting, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine) were trained and tested using 5-fold cross-validation to correlate inputs (clinical descriptors and demographic data) to outputs (MT). SHAP values were used to identify the most influential predictors of MT.

Results: The Xtreme Gradient Boosting model stood out, achieving 96.72% accuracy, 96.87% sensitivity, 96.57% specificity, 96.61% precision, 96.73% of F1-Score, and 0.9498 AUC. Multilayer Perceptron showed the best sensitivity (98.44%), and Random Forest presented comparable results. In contrast, Support Vector Machine underperformed, with higher values of false negatives and false positives. Across models, ulceration, multifocality, and long-standing lesions were the strongest predictors of MT, while small, asymptomatic, or solitary lesions were associated with lower risk.

Conclusion: The results revealed promising performance metrics for Xtreme Gradient Boosting and Multilayer Perceptron suggesting their potential value as tools in a support system for monitoring AC. Additionally, synthetic data proved constructive in training, enhancing the models' robustness and predictive capabilities.

Importance: Diprosopus is an exceedingly rare craniomaxillofacial dysmorphosis that is considered a subgroup of conjoined twins. This phenotype encompasses a broad spectrum of duplications ranging from partial structures to complete dicephalus. The embryogenesis and mechanism of disease are not well understood. The objective of this investigation was to describe a case of partial dentofacial duplication and to discuss the possible etiology with novel genetic insights thereof.

Observations: A newborn Kazakh boy was referred to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University because of a maxillary mass detected on prenatal imaging. Physical examination revealed a unilateral cleft lip and a soft lump around 2.5 cm in diameter with the appearance of an accessory upper lip. He underwent two surgical procedures at 11 months and 4 years of age for definitive treatment. He demonstrated favorable recovery outcomes, maintaining normal speech and oral intake capabilities during long-term follow-up.

Conclusions and relevance: Our preliminary findings and comprehensive literature review suggest that mutations in the PAX7 gene could contribute to the pathogenesis of craniofacial duplication. This hypothesis establishes a previously unrecognized association between specific genetic alterations and the clinical manifestations of this condition, potentially offering a molecular foundation for prenatal diagnostic approaches. The present case provides more profound insights into the disease mechanisms compared to prior reports. Further validation through basic scientific investigations and clinical studies, incorporating comprehensive genetic analyses, will be essential to substantiate this proposed mechanism.

Background: No studies to date have examined human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in both odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs) or performed HPV genotyping in these lesions. This research aims to compare HPV expression rates in DCs and OKCs to provide insight into the molecular behavior of OKCs.

Methods: Forty DC and forty OKC cases were randomly selected and analyzed for HPV-DNA expression. Positive cases underwent HPV genotyping. Additionally an immunohistochemical staining for p16 was performed for each case.

Results: Due to epithelial integrity loss or inflammation, 18 samples were excluded, leaving 32 DCs and 30 OKCs for evaluation. HPV was detected in five DC cases but absent in all OKC samples. The difference between DC and OKC groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.053). Genotyping identified HPV-16 in four cases and HPV-66 in one.

Discussion: Despite OKCs' aggressive behavior, this study found no significant association between HPV and their pathogenesis. These findings suggest HPV is unlikely to contribute to OKC proliferation or recurrence, underscoring the need for larger studies to clarify its role in odontogenic cysts.

Background: The dynamic interplay between reactive free radicals (FR) and antioxidants (AO) can lead to either redox homeostasis or oxidative stress. Disruption of redox balance contributes to oxidative stress, a key factor in the pathogenesis of various conditions, notably oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). At low to moderate levels, FRs trigger adaptive mutations that initiate carcinogenesis and support neoplastic cell survival. In contrast, high concentrations of FRs exert cytotoxic effects, a mechanism exploited in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Antioxidants counteract FRs, mitigating cellular damage-a benefit demonstrated in several clinical trials involving OPMDs. However, their efficacy in OSCC remains contentious.

Methods and finding: This review explores the multifaceted roles of FRs and AOs in OPMD and OSCC, with emphasis on their contributions to carcinogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Tracking the FR-AO ratio during treatment may offer predictive insights into malignant transformation and facilitate early OSCC detection.