Objectives: The use of social networking sites for monitoring emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are on rise. This systematic review examines the available evidence supporting and refuting the use of social media in communicating with the public during the pandemic outbreaks of infectious disease, influencing people’s behavior, spreading the awareness, and creating or dispelling rumors. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from 2012 till 2019 for studies on the use of social media in detecting the following EIDs: the Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, West Nile, Bird flu and Swine flu. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed. Results: Preliminary search results showed that out of 6224 articles related to social media and EIDs, 49 articles were related to our study objectives. Out of 49 articles, most of the articles were related to the Zika virus (n=24), published in 2017 (n=15) and utilized the Twitter social media (n=26). Conclusion: The present systematic review supports the use of social media as an important medium for the clinicians, public health practitioners, and laypeople seeking health information for the detection of EIDs. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4):188-198.
{"title":"The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature","authors":"A. Agrawal, Ankita Gupta","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The use of social networking sites for monitoring emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are on rise. This systematic review examines the available evidence supporting and refuting the use of social media in communicating with the public during the pandemic outbreaks of infectious disease, influencing people’s behavior, spreading the awareness, and creating or dispelling rumors. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from 2012 till 2019 for studies on the use of social media in detecting the following EIDs: the Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, West Nile, Bird flu and Swine flu. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed. Results: Preliminary search results showed that out of 6224 articles related to social media and EIDs, 49 articles were related to our study objectives. Out of 49 articles, most of the articles were related to the Zika virus (n=24), published in 2017 (n=15) and utilized the Twitter social media (n=26). Conclusion: The present systematic review supports the use of social media as an important medium for the clinicians, public health practitioners, and laypeople seeking health information for the detection of EIDs. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4):188-198.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82367613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. S. Kalabamu, Pauline Lukumo Mpongo, E. Mwaikambo
Objectives: Acute diarrhea is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Bacteria tend to cause more fatal illnesses and complications such as septicemia and persistent diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the causes of acute diarrhea, laboratory and clinical predictors of bacterial causes, and antimicrobial resistance pattern among the isolates among children in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Dar es salaam Hospitals from April 2015 to March 2016 among children below five years of age who presented with acute diarrhea. Demographic characteristics and results from stool specimen analysis, complete blood count, C- reactive protein and antimicrobial resistance results were recorded using a pre-structured clinical research form. Results: Among 200 children enrolled, viruses were identified in 149 (74.5%) of the cases. Bacterial pathogens were found in 15 (7.5%) cases only. Elevated stool red blood cell count, stool white blood cell count, and fever were highly associated with enteric bacterial pathogens (p<0.001, p=0.002 and p=0.04 respectively). Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and erythromycin but highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Fever, elevated stool leukocyte and elevated stool red blood cells are significant predictors of bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute diarrhea. These parameters may guide clinicians in resource-limited settings in the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea. Further studies should be conducted to determine local antimicrobial resistance patterns. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3): 208-214.
{"title":"Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age: Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"F. S. Kalabamu, Pauline Lukumo Mpongo, E. Mwaikambo","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839445","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Acute diarrhea is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Bacteria tend to cause more fatal illnesses and complications such as septicemia and persistent diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the causes of acute diarrhea, laboratory and clinical predictors of bacterial causes, and antimicrobial resistance pattern among the isolates among children in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Dar es salaam Hospitals from April 2015 to March 2016 among children below five years of age who presented with acute diarrhea. Demographic characteristics and results from stool specimen analysis, complete blood count, C- reactive protein and antimicrobial resistance results were recorded using a pre-structured clinical research form. Results: Among 200 children enrolled, viruses were identified in 149 (74.5%) of the cases. Bacterial pathogens were found in 15 (7.5%) cases only. Elevated stool red blood cell count, stool white blood cell count, and fever were highly associated with enteric bacterial pathogens (p<0.001, p=0.002 and p=0.04 respectively). Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and erythromycin but highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Fever, elevated stool leukocyte and elevated stool red blood cells are significant predictors of bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute diarrhea. These parameters may guide clinicians in resource-limited settings in the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea. Further studies should be conducted to determine local antimicrobial resistance patterns. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3): 208-214.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73639946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Boyvin, B. Alexis, Y. Guillaume, Séri Kipré Laurent, Aké Aya Jeanne Armande, D. Joseph
Objective: The treatment management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global public health problem. The development of this form of tuberculosis increases immune deficiency and the production of free radicals in the body. Micronutrients, especially fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E, play an essential role in the immune system by protecting and renewing cells. The objective of this study is to determine the profiles of vitamins A, D, and E in order to evaluate the performance of the immune defenses of MDR-TB under second-line anti-TB treatment. Methods: The analysis of vitamins A, D and E was carried out using an HPLC chain, in isocratic mode by UV-Visible detection after prior extraction of the lipid fraction from the serum in the hexane protected away from light. Results: MDR-TB showed a significant decrease in the concentration of vitamins A, D, and E (p˂0.05) with high reduction levels of 80%, 40% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: The persistence of this deficit after six months of TB treatment highlights the need for corrective measures to be taken, such as the supplementation of vitamins A, D, and E. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 199-207.
{"title":"Deficiency in Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D, E in Patients with Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis","authors":"L. Boyvin, B. Alexis, Y. Guillaume, Séri Kipré Laurent, Aké Aya Jeanne Armande, D. Joseph","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839440","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The treatment management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global public health problem. The development of this form of tuberculosis increases immune deficiency and the production of free radicals in the body. Micronutrients, especially fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E, play an essential role in the immune system by protecting and renewing cells. The objective of this study is to determine the profiles of vitamins A, D, and E in order to evaluate the performance of the immune defenses of MDR-TB under second-line anti-TB treatment. Methods: The analysis of vitamins A, D and E was carried out using an HPLC chain, in isocratic mode by UV-Visible detection after prior extraction of the lipid fraction from the serum in the hexane protected away from light. Results: MDR-TB showed a significant decrease in the concentration of vitamins A, D, and E (p˂0.05) with high reduction levels of 80%, 40% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: The persistence of this deficit after six months of TB treatment highlights the need for corrective measures to be taken, such as the supplementation of vitamins A, D, and E. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 199-207.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Objectives: Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative organism of melioidosis, predominantly reported in Southeast Asia. The infections in humans can be recurrent, and sometimes difficult to cure. Studying the genome of B. pseudomallei is the key to understand origins, transmission routes, and phylogenetic relationships. Methods: We compared all available B. pseudomallei genomes from the NCBI database representing Sri Lanka to 15 previously reported genomes in Asia. The analysis involved in silico MLST, wgMLST, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), average nucleotide identity (ANI), clonal complexes (CC), virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Results: The MLST analyses of 24 strains revealed, 6 Sri Lankan and 1 Indian strain formed CC594*, a novel single locus variant clonal complex, and 3 strains from Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand formed another clonal complex named CC70*. From 9 Sri Lankan strains, BPs122 and BPs133 had ancestral origins tied to BPs114 with 114/99.6% and 140/99.6% for SNPs/ANIs. In CC70*, Thailand and Vietnam strains had 1196/99.95% for SNPs/ANIs, respectively. Among the Sri Lankan strains, actin-based motility gene bimA detected in BPs110 only, whereas LPS antigen was presented in BPs112, BPs115, and BPs116 genomes. A total of 67 genes related to antibiotic resistance (22 multidrug efflux systems, 10 regulators modulating/expression of antibiotic resistance, and 11 antibiotic inactivation enzymes related genes) were identified. Conclusion: The B. pseudomallei strains in Sri Lanka represent a highly diverse nature and some of them had clonal relationships with other Asian strains. The present study concludes B. pseudomallei strains in Sri Lanka have probably risen from different ancestral origins. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 215-221.
{"title":"Molecular insights of melioidosis causing Burkholderia pseudomallei strains in Sri Lanka","authors":"A. Gunasekara, L. Rajapaksha","doi":"10.5799/JMID.839461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/JMID.839461","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Objectives: Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative organism of melioidosis, predominantly reported in Southeast Asia. The infections in humans can be recurrent, and sometimes difficult to cure. Studying the genome of B. pseudomallei is the key to understand origins, transmission routes, and phylogenetic relationships. Methods: We compared all available B. pseudomallei genomes from the NCBI database representing Sri Lanka to 15 previously reported genomes in Asia. The analysis involved in silico MLST, wgMLST, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), average nucleotide identity (ANI), clonal complexes (CC), virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Results: The MLST analyses of 24 strains revealed, 6 Sri Lankan and 1 Indian strain formed CC594*, a novel single locus variant clonal complex, and 3 strains from Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand formed another clonal complex named CC70*. From 9 Sri Lankan strains, BPs122 and BPs133 had ancestral origins tied to BPs114 with 114/99.6% and 140/99.6% for SNPs/ANIs. In CC70*, Thailand and Vietnam strains had 1196/99.95% for SNPs/ANIs, respectively. Among the Sri Lankan strains, actin-based motility gene bimA detected in BPs110 only, whereas LPS antigen was presented in BPs112, BPs115, and BPs116 genomes. A total of 67 genes related to antibiotic resistance (22 multidrug efflux systems, 10 regulators modulating/expression of antibiotic resistance, and 11 antibiotic inactivation enzymes related genes) were identified. Conclusion: The B. pseudomallei strains in Sri Lanka represent a highly diverse nature and some of them had clonal relationships with other Asian strains. The present study concludes B. pseudomallei strains in Sri Lanka have probably risen from different ancestral origins. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 215-221.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87645162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a case of post immunization tubercular soft tissue cold abscess on a lateral part of the right thigh in an eight-month-old male baby following third dose of intramuscular Hepatitis B vaccination. The baby presented with gradual onset of fever for 10 days after hepatitis B vaccination this was followed by an erythematous, painless, firm small swelling on the anterolateral part of the right thigh which grew gradually to a size of 2 × 2.5 cm size. The baby was treated with empirical antibiotics (Amoxicillin) following which fever subsided but there was no improvement in swelling so the baby was advised for various laboratory investigations. The aspirate from the abscess was subjected to Acid fast staining using microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) that revealed Acid Fast Bacilli (2+). In addition (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) confirmed the presence of M. tuberculosis complex sensitive to Rifampicin. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 234-236.
{"title":"Post-vaccination Tubercular Cold Abscess of Thigh of An Infant","authors":"Tabindah Jahan, Nahid Nehvi, S. Farooq","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839492","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of post immunization tubercular soft tissue cold abscess on a lateral part of the right thigh in an eight-month-old male baby following third dose of intramuscular Hepatitis B vaccination. The baby presented with gradual onset of fever for 10 days after hepatitis B vaccination this was followed by an erythematous, painless, firm small swelling on the anterolateral part of the right thigh which grew gradually to a size of 2 × 2.5 cm size. The baby was treated with empirical antibiotics (Amoxicillin) following which fever subsided but there was no improvement in swelling so the baby was advised for various laboratory investigations. The aspirate from the abscess was subjected to Acid fast staining using microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) that revealed Acid Fast Bacilli (2+). In addition (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) confirmed the presence of M. tuberculosis complex sensitive to Rifampicin. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 234-236.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90722404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Prusty, M. Momin, Y. Goud, K. Ramineni, S. Perveen
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome), is a severe adverse reaction associated with diverse collection of drugs, characterized by severe mucocutaneous rash, eosinophilia, fever, lymphadenopathy and extensive systemic involvement. We report a case of a 21-year-old female who developed clinical manifestations of fever, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia and systemic symptoms after taking antitubercular medication for pulmonary tuberculosis, with subsequent development of acute liver failure with encephalopathy and coagulopathy. She was managed successfully with withdrawal of the offending medication and supportive care in intensive care unit. This case highlights the importance of consideration of antitubercular medication related drug reaction even with delayed onset of symptoms. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 225-229.
{"title":"DRESS Syndrome- Uncommon Drug Reaction with Common Disease Treatment: A Case Report","authors":"B. Prusty, M. Momin, Y. Goud, K. Ramineni, S. Perveen","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839481","url":null,"abstract":"Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome), is a severe adverse reaction associated with diverse collection of drugs, characterized by severe mucocutaneous rash, eosinophilia, fever, lymphadenopathy and extensive systemic involvement. We report a case of a 21-year-old female who developed clinical manifestations of fever, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia and systemic symptoms after taking antitubercular medication for pulmonary tuberculosis, with subsequent development of acute liver failure with encephalopathy and coagulopathy. She was managed successfully with withdrawal of the offending medication and supportive care in intensive care unit. This case highlights the importance of consideration of antitubercular medication related drug reaction even with delayed onset of symptoms. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 225-229.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"13 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83538172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandheep Janardhanan, B. Sebastian, M. George, S. Mathai, Ashfaq Ahmed, S. Varghese
Strongylodiasis is an intestinal parasitic infection which can cause cataclysmic hyper infection syndrome in immunocompromised. Here we report an interesting and rare case of gastroduodenal strongyloidiasis presenting as protein losing enteropathy which was promptly diagnosed and dramatically reversed with antihelminthic therapy. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 237-239.
{"title":"A Case of Gastroduodenal Strongyloidiasis Causing Protein Losing Enteropathy","authors":"Sandheep Janardhanan, B. Sebastian, M. George, S. Mathai, Ashfaq Ahmed, S. Varghese","doi":"10.5799/jmid.839495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839495","url":null,"abstract":"Strongylodiasis is an intestinal parasitic infection which can cause cataclysmic hyper infection syndrome in immunocompromised. Here we report an interesting and rare case of gastroduodenal strongyloidiasis presenting as protein losing enteropathy which was promptly diagnosed and dramatically reversed with antihelminthic therapy. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4): 237-239.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84548285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gunda, Elizabeth F. Mtui, S. Kilonzo, B. Kidenya, H. Mazigo
Objectives: Chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection is a common cause of periportal fibrosis in Sub Saharan Africa. About 20 million people are suffering complications of chronic S. mansoni infection with an annual mortality of 0.2million people. The outcome of periportal fibrosis is highly modified by hepatitis B co-infection which may cause a rapid progression to fibrosis and decompensation. In Tanzania both S. mansoni and hepatitis B are highly endemic; however, the co-infection among patients with periportal fibrosis in the hospital setting has not been described. Methods : A cross-sectional study was done among patients with S. mansoni related periportal fibrosis at Bugando hospital. A minimum sample of 193 patients was calculated and, patients’ clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and endoscopic data were analyzed using STATA 13. The prevalence of S. mansoni -hepatitis B co-infection was calculated and its correlates were determined by logistic regression model. Results : In total 250 patients were analyzed in this study and, 40 (16.0%) were found to have S. mansoni -Hepatitis B co-infection who were more likely to have higher AST levels, (58 vs. 38U/L; OR: 1.03; p=0.033), higher APRI levels, (1.8 vs. 1.05; OR: 2.1; P=0.03); ascites, (OR: 2.9; p=0.049) with higher mortality, (OR: 2.9; p=0.032). Conclusions : The S. mansoni -Hepatitis B co-infection is common among patients with periportal fibrosis. The correlates found in this study, suggest that co-infected patients are more likely to have a severe liver injury with increased risk of severe fibrosis, decompensation, and mortality. Regular screening for hepatitis B and vaccination of people at-risk is highly suggested in this study. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3):136-143.
{"title":"Schistosoma mansoni-Hepatitis B co-infection among adult patients with periportal fibrosis: a cross sectional study","authors":"D. Gunda, Elizabeth F. Mtui, S. Kilonzo, B. Kidenya, H. Mazigo","doi":"10.5799/JMID.790280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/JMID.790280","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection is a common cause of periportal fibrosis in Sub Saharan Africa. About 20 million people are suffering complications of chronic S. mansoni infection with an annual mortality of 0.2million people. The outcome of periportal fibrosis is highly modified by hepatitis B co-infection which may cause a rapid progression to fibrosis and decompensation. In Tanzania both S. mansoni and hepatitis B are highly endemic; however, the co-infection among patients with periportal fibrosis in the hospital setting has not been described. Methods : A cross-sectional study was done among patients with S. mansoni related periportal fibrosis at Bugando hospital. A minimum sample of 193 patients was calculated and, patients’ clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and endoscopic data were analyzed using STATA 13. The prevalence of S. mansoni -hepatitis B co-infection was calculated and its correlates were determined by logistic regression model. Results : In total 250 patients were analyzed in this study and, 40 (16.0%) were found to have S. mansoni -Hepatitis B co-infection who were more likely to have higher AST levels, (58 vs. 38U/L; OR: 1.03; p=0.033), higher APRI levels, (1.8 vs. 1.05; OR: 2.1; P=0.03); ascites, (OR: 2.9; p=0.049) with higher mortality, (OR: 2.9; p=0.032). Conclusions : The S. mansoni -Hepatitis B co-infection is common among patients with periportal fibrosis. The correlates found in this study, suggest that co-infected patients are more likely to have a severe liver injury with increased risk of severe fibrosis, decompensation, and mortality. Regular screening for hepatitis B and vaccination of people at-risk is highly suggested in this study. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3):136-143.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72876788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In December 2019, a novel Coronavirus has been reported to cause wide spectrum of diseases in human and the disease, called Coronavirus Disease 2019, has become an outbreak all around the world with high mortality rate. The disease can present atypically and develop severe complications in immunocompromised solid organ transplantation recipients. Herein we report a kidney transplant patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection and presented with an asymptomatic disease despite immunosuppression and comorbidities. Our report shows the importance of social isolation, contact-tracing program and early diagnosis of infection, especially in these high-risk populations. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 8(3):172-175.
{"title":"Asymptomatic COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Recipient","authors":"Gizem Kumru Şahin, P. Atasoy","doi":"10.5799/jmid.790294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.790294","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, a novel Coronavirus has been reported to cause wide spectrum of diseases in human and the disease, called Coronavirus Disease 2019, has become an outbreak all around the world with high mortality rate. The disease can present atypically and develop severe complications in immunocompromised solid organ transplantation recipients. Herein we report a kidney transplant patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection and presented with an asymptomatic disease despite immunosuppression and comorbidities. Our report shows the importance of social isolation, contact-tracing program and early diagnosis of infection, especially in these high-risk populations. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 8(3):172-175.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85490627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gunjan Goyal, A. Phukan, Masaraf Hussain, V. Lal, M. Modi, M. Goyal, K. Mahesh, R. Sehgal
Objectives: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the commonly Neglected tropical disease worldwide. Improvement in Living conditions with better diagnostics can reduce the incidence of this disease. The burden of NCC is high in areas with poor socio-economic development. Despite high prevalence in India, the diagnostic challenge remains especially when differentiating from tuberculosis which is also common in the same setting. We describe a novel and rapid diagnostic method for NCC, which might add to our diagnostic Repertoire. Methods: It was prospective case control study involving consecutive patients of definite and probable NCC at a tertiary teaching hospital in Northern India. LAMP assay in urine was performed in all the patients. LAMP amplified target Taenia solium cox1 gene at 60oC in 120min. The results were compared with 24 controls. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative value were calculated using a 2X 2 contingency table. Results: Total of 58 patients recruited, 53 were definitive NCC and 5 had probable NCC based on Del Brutto criteria and 24 volunteers were taken as control all of them underwent urine LAMP of T. solium. T. solium cox1 gene was detected in 60% of Urine samples in patients of NCC, overall specificity of LAMP assay was 92%. The negative predictive value and positive predictive value of real time LAMP assay was 50% and 95%. Conclusions: Conclusion: Real time urine LAMP assay for T. solium gene offers noninvasive, cost effective and rapid method to detect Taenia parasite in patients, in Addition to available investigations. Specially in resource limited setting of endemic countries. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3):154-159.
{"title":"Real Time Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay of Urine for Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis: A Preliminary Observation Study","authors":"Gunjan Goyal, A. Phukan, Masaraf Hussain, V. Lal, M. Modi, M. Goyal, K. Mahesh, R. Sehgal","doi":"10.5799/jmid.790287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.790287","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the commonly Neglected tropical disease worldwide. Improvement in Living conditions with better diagnostics can reduce the incidence of this disease. The burden of NCC is high in areas with poor socio-economic development. Despite high prevalence in India, the diagnostic challenge remains especially when differentiating from tuberculosis which is also common in the same setting. We describe a novel and rapid diagnostic method for NCC, which might add to our diagnostic Repertoire. Methods: It was prospective case control study involving consecutive patients of definite and probable NCC at a tertiary teaching hospital in Northern India. LAMP assay in urine was performed in all the patients. LAMP amplified target Taenia solium cox1 gene at 60oC in 120min. The results were compared with 24 controls. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative value were calculated using a 2X 2 contingency table. Results: Total of 58 patients recruited, 53 were definitive NCC and 5 had probable NCC based on Del Brutto criteria and 24 volunteers were taken as control all of them underwent urine LAMP of T. solium. T. solium cox1 gene was detected in 60% of Urine samples in patients of NCC, overall specificity of LAMP assay was 92%. The negative predictive value and positive predictive value of real time LAMP assay was 50% and 95%. Conclusions: Conclusion: Real time urine LAMP assay for T. solium gene offers noninvasive, cost effective and rapid method to detect Taenia parasite in patients, in Addition to available investigations. Specially in resource limited setting of endemic countries. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3):154-159.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76692825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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