Melih Enes Altinok, M. Ture, A. Cebeci, I. Altinok
Objectives: Salmonella Enteritidis is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in humans and animals, causing worldwide health implications. This pathogen often causes fatal foodborne diseases in humans and animals. In recent years, new treatment strategies for bacterial infections have been studied. Bacteriophages might be used as an alternative strategy for battling against bacterial diseases. Methods: A novel SP-T1 phage was isolated, and its lytic activity against Salmonella Enteritidis strains and other enteric bacterial species was evaluated. In addition to its kinetic and genetic characteristics, it is in vivo cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit the development of biofilms were investigated. Results: The gene sequence of the major capsid protein confirmed that the SP-T1 phage belonged to the family Siphoviridae. There was no evidence that phage had a lytic effect on bacteria other than the type of Salmonella used in this investigation. The phage exhibited a short latent period of 15 to 20 min and a burst size of 10 plaque forming unit per infected cell. The phage was resistant to temperatures between 15 and 37 °C and pH levels between 5 and 11. The SP-T1 phage exhibited no adverse effects on EPC cell culture and reduced biofilm formation. Conclusions: Because of its short latent period, appropriate burst size, ability to inhibit biofilm formation, and sensitivity to various temperatures and pH levels, the phage found in this study would be an excellent candidate for phage therapy. These findings are beneficial for improving the microbiological safety and quality of food and creating efficient bacteriophage-based regulation in the food chain. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):38-46.
{"title":"Characterization of SP-T1 Phage for Potential Biological Control of Salmonella Enteritidis","authors":"Melih Enes Altinok, M. Ture, A. Cebeci, I. Altinok","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1265400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1265400","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Salmonella Enteritidis is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in humans and animals, causing worldwide health implications. This pathogen often causes fatal foodborne diseases in humans and animals. In recent years, new treatment strategies for bacterial infections have been studied. Bacteriophages might be used as an alternative strategy for battling against bacterial diseases. \u0000Methods: A novel SP-T1 phage was isolated, and its lytic activity against Salmonella Enteritidis strains and other enteric bacterial species was evaluated. In addition to its kinetic and genetic characteristics, it is in vivo cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit the development of biofilms were investigated. \u0000Results: The gene sequence of the major capsid protein confirmed that the SP-T1 phage belonged to the family Siphoviridae. There was no evidence that phage had a lytic effect on bacteria other than the type of Salmonella used in this investigation. The phage exhibited a short latent period of 15 to 20 min and a burst size of 10 plaque forming unit per infected cell. The phage was resistant to temperatures between 15 and 37 °C and pH levels between 5 and 11. The SP-T1 phage exhibited no adverse effects on EPC cell culture and reduced biofilm formation. \u0000Conclusions: Because of its short latent period, appropriate burst size, ability to inhibit biofilm formation, and sensitivity to various temperatures and pH levels, the phage found in this study would be an excellent candidate for phage therapy. These findings are beneficial for improving the microbiological safety and quality of food and creating efficient bacteriophage-based regulation in the food chain. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):38-46.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86711283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Globally, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a public health concern. Rapid identification of MDR-TB using conventional or novel technologies is crucial for effective treatment. Here we assessed the quantity and quality of DNA extracted from MDR-TB isolates, allowing whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: This was a retrospective study on MDR-TB isolates from five studies conducted in Zimbabwe between 2011 and 2019. The isolates were stored under ambient 37 oC and -80 oC temperatures, respectively. These isolates were resuscitated and confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). DNA was extracted using the N-Cetyl-N-trimethylammonium-bromide standard protocol. The concentration (A260nm) and purity (A260/280) of the extracted DNA before WGS (concentration ≥20ng/ul) were compared among the different storage conditions on Stata v15. Results: A total of 85 samples were successfully recovered from 106 retrieved. The overall recovery rate was 80.2%. We found a significant difference (p=0.005) in the concentration of the DNA samples by storage temperatures, with samples stored at -80 oC having the lowest concentration. Similarly, a significant difference (p=0.018) was found in the purity of the DNA (samples within the optimal range of 1.8 ± 0.2) by storage conditions, with 34/39 (87.2%) stored under ambient temperature, 18/20 (90.0%) stored in a 37 oC incubator and 1/4 (25.0%) stored at -80 oC. Conclusions: The better concentration and purity obtained from samples stored at 37 oC and ambient temperatures provide an impetus that such storage conditions could be used in many resource-limited settings where power supplies are a limitation to long storage conditions. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):31-37.
目标:在全球范围内，耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)仍然是一个公共卫生问题。使用传统技术或新技术快速识别耐多药结核病对于有效治疗至关重要。在这里，我们评估了从耐多药结核分离株中提取的DNA的数量和质量，从而实现了全基因组测序(WGS)。方法:这是一项对2011年至2019年在津巴布韦进行的五项研究中分离出的耐多药结核病菌株的回顾性研究。分离株分别在环境温度37℃和-80℃下保存。这些分离株经复苏证实为结核分枝杆菌(MTB)。采用n -十六烷基- n -三甲基溴化铵标准方案提取DNA。在Stata v15上比较不同保存条件下提取的DNA在WGS前(浓度≥20ng/ul)的浓度(A260nm)和纯度(A260/280)。结果:从106个样品中成功回收85个样品。总回收率为80.2%。我们发现DNA样品的浓度与储存温度有显著差异(p=0.005)，在-80℃储存的样品浓度最低。同样，不同的保存条件下，DNA的纯度(样品在1.8±0.2的最佳范围内)也存在显著差异(p=0.018)，其中室温保存34/39(87.2%)，37℃培养箱保存18/20(90.0%)，-80℃保存1/4(25.0%)。结论:在37℃和环境温度下储存的样品可以获得更好的浓度和纯度，这为这种储存条件可以在许多资源有限的环境中使用提供了动力，这些环境中电力供应受到长期储存条件的限制。中华微生物学杂志[J];12(4): 31-37。
{"title":"Assessment of Quantity and Quality of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis DNA Extracts Stored at Different Temperatures","authors":"B. Makamure","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1265384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1265384","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Globally, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a public health concern. Rapid identification of MDR-TB using conventional or novel technologies is crucial for effective treatment. Here we assessed the quantity and quality of DNA extracted from MDR-TB isolates, allowing whole-genome sequencing (WGS). \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective study on MDR-TB isolates from five studies conducted in Zimbabwe between 2011 and 2019. The isolates were stored under ambient 37 oC and -80 oC temperatures, respectively. These isolates were resuscitated and confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). DNA was extracted using the N-Cetyl-N-trimethylammonium-bromide standard protocol. The concentration (A260nm) and purity (A260/280) of the extracted DNA before WGS (concentration ≥20ng/ul) were compared among the different storage conditions on Stata v15. \u0000Results: A total of 85 samples were successfully recovered from 106 retrieved. The overall recovery rate was 80.2%. We found a significant difference (p=0.005) in the concentration of the DNA samples by storage temperatures, with samples stored at -80 oC having the lowest concentration. Similarly, a significant difference (p=0.018) was found in the purity of the DNA (samples within the optimal range of 1.8 ± 0.2) by storage conditions, with 34/39 (87.2%) stored under ambient temperature, 18/20 (90.0%) stored in a 37 oC incubator and 1/4 (25.0%) stored at -80 oC. \u0000Conclusions: The better concentration and purity obtained from samples stored at 37 oC and ambient temperatures provide an impetus that such storage conditions could be used in many resource-limited settings where power supplies are a limitation to long storage conditions. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):31-37.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86672632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex acts as a guide strand and binds the target mRNA. Subsequently, the gene is silenced either by cleaving the target mRNA or repressing the translation. Since the discovery of the first miRNA three decades ago, more than 2000 human miRNAs have been discovered. It is known to regulate hundreds of genes in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development and function of immunologically essential cells. miR-155 plays a vital role in the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells. miR-24 positively regulates the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells, whereas miR-23 and 27 have a negative regulatory effect. miR-223 regulates the differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes. The role of miRNAs in bacterial infections came to light in 2006 after discovering miR-163 as a negative regulator of defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Pseudomonas syringae. During bacterial infection in the host, aberrant expression of several miRNAs was discovered. miR-155 was found to be the most commonly dysregulated miRNA in bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, miRNAs can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for bacterial infections. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):1-7.
{"title":"Role of miRNAs in Immune Regulation And Bacterial Infections","authors":"P. S. S. Ali","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1264855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1264855","url":null,"abstract":"Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex acts as a guide strand and binds the target mRNA. Subsequently, the gene is silenced either by cleaving the target mRNA or repressing the translation. Since the discovery of the first miRNA three decades ago, more than 2000 human miRNAs have been discovered. It is known to regulate hundreds of genes in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development and function of immunologically essential cells. miR-155 plays a vital role in the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells. miR-24 positively regulates the function of T helper 1, 17, and T regulatory cells, whereas miR-23 and 27 have a negative regulatory effect. miR-223 regulates the differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes. The role of miRNAs in bacterial infections came to light in 2006 after discovering miR-163 as a negative regulator of defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Pseudomonas syringae. During bacterial infection in the host, aberrant expression of several miRNAs was discovered. miR-155 was found to be the most commonly dysregulated miRNA in bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, miRNAs can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for bacterial infections. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):1-7.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76498689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivy Jepkurui Mutail, Martin Georges, A. Nyachieo, E. Odoyo, A. Nyamache, J. Ngalla
Objectives: The use of bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative treatment for multidrug-resistant bacteria has recently gained popularity. Phage cocktails have been proposed for broad-spectrum therapeutic effects against such resistant bacteria. However, the effectiveness of non-locally formulated phage cocktails for therapy on Kenyan isolates has yet to be evaluated and is a subject of investigation. This study aimed to determine the in vitro effectiveness of a non-locally made commercial pyophage cocktail on clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Kenya. Methodology: Forty-nine P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya were subjected to a pyophage cocktail for efficacy studies using direct spot test (DST) and efficiency of plating (EOP). Results: The success rate of the cocktail was observed on 16.3% (8/49) isolates only and ineffective on 83.7% (41/49) isolates. Six of the eight isolates that showed cross-reactivity from DST had complete lysis with a faintly hazy background. Five of these six isolates resulted in successful and high phage progeny production in plaquing efficiency (EOP ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: Non-locally made commercial pyophage cocktail was ineffective against the 83.7% endemic clinical strains of the Kenyan P. aeruginosa isolates, demonstrating the importance of locally derived phage cocktails against endemic and multidrug-resistant isolates. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):25-30.
{"title":"Evaluating The Effectiveness of A Non-Locally Developed Commercial Phage Cocktail on Kenyan Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates","authors":"Ivy Jepkurui Mutail, Martin Georges, A. Nyachieo, E. Odoyo, A. Nyamache, J. Ngalla","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1265378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1265378","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The use of bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative treatment for multidrug-resistant bacteria has recently gained popularity. Phage cocktails have been proposed for broad-spectrum therapeutic effects against such resistant bacteria. However, the effectiveness of non-locally formulated phage cocktails for therapy on Kenyan isolates has yet to be evaluated and is a subject of investigation. This study aimed to determine the in vitro effectiveness of a non-locally made commercial pyophage cocktail on clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Kenya. \u0000Methodology: Forty-nine P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya were subjected to a pyophage cocktail for efficacy studies using direct spot test (DST) and efficiency of plating (EOP). \u0000Results: The success rate of the cocktail was observed on 16.3% (8/49) isolates only and ineffective on 83.7% (41/49) isolates. Six of the eight isolates that showed cross-reactivity from DST had complete lysis with a faintly hazy background. Five of these six isolates resulted in successful and high phage progeny production in plaquing efficiency (EOP ≥ 0.5). \u0000Conclusion: Non-locally made commercial pyophage cocktail was ineffective against the 83.7% endemic clinical strains of the Kenyan P. aeruginosa isolates, demonstrating the importance of locally derived phage cocktails against endemic and multidrug-resistant isolates. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 12(4):25-30.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91473658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Uysal, Işıl Özkoçak Turan, H. Ankarali, A. Baştuğ
Objectives:There are recommendations and studies for the corticosteroid treatment of cytokine storm and ARDS in COVID-19 disease. The aim is to evaluate the rates of secondary infections and mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving various doses of corticosteroid treatment in the ICU. Methods: In a retrospective approach, 621 patients were analyzed and recorded in terms of age, gender, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in intensive care, CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, IL-6, lymphocyte, D-dimer, ferritin values and corticosteroid doses as well as blood, urine, and tracheal aspiration growths. The patients were examined in 6 groups those who never took corticosteroids and those who took Methylprednisolone (MP) in doses of 250 mg, >250 mg, 80 mg, 40 mg, and 6 mg dexamethasone. The data were evaluated to determine if there have been significant relationships between corticosteroid doses and the rates of secondary infection and mortality. Results: The mean hospital stay of the patients was 11.2 ± 7.71 days, and the mean of invasive mechanical ventilation was 7.5 days. There was no significant difference between patients who did not use corticosteroids and patients who received 40 mg MP for the length of hospital stay. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the corticosteroid groups (p
{"title":"The Effect Of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Frequency of Secondary Bacterial Infections And Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in ICU","authors":"E. Uysal, Işıl Özkoçak Turan, H. Ankarali, A. Baştuğ","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1264864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1264864","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives:There are recommendations and studies for the corticosteroid treatment of cytokine storm and ARDS in COVID-19 disease. The aim is to evaluate the rates of secondary infections and mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving various doses of corticosteroid treatment in the ICU. \u0000Methods: In a retrospective approach, 621 patients were analyzed and recorded in terms of age, gender, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in intensive care, CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, IL-6, lymphocyte, D-dimer, ferritin values and corticosteroid doses as well as blood, urine, and tracheal aspiration growths. The patients were examined in 6 groups those who never took corticosteroids and those who took Methylprednisolone (MP) in doses of 250 mg, >250 mg, 80 mg, 40 mg, and 6 mg dexamethasone. The data were evaluated to determine if there have been significant relationships between corticosteroid doses and the rates of secondary infection and mortality. \u0000Results: The mean hospital stay of the patients was 11.2 ± 7.71 days, and the mean of invasive mechanical ventilation was 7.5 days. There was no significant difference between patients who did not use corticosteroids and patients who received 40 mg MP for the length of hospital stay. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the corticosteroid groups (p","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"81 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87994828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bhasin, Manisha Jain, B. Mishra, P. Loomba, Abha Sharma, T. Aggrawal
Objectives: Providing safe drinking water is essential for maintaining healthcare quality. The presence of biofilms in the water supply protects the organism from the antimicrobial effects of disinfectants leading to the formation of the MDR pathogen pool. Therefore, this study was taken up to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation in the bacteria isolated from the water system of a tertiary health care setup and study the effect of disinfectants on biofilms. Methods: Thirty-four drinking water samples were collected in sterile glass stopper bottles and transported to the lab. Standard bacteriological procedures identified isolates. Biofilm detection was carried out by the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. The effect of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite) at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %) on biofilm-producing organism were studied for 30 minutes and analyzed. Results: The culture positivity was 76.4% (26/34). Twenty samples showed monomicrobial growth, while only six samples showed polymicrobial growth of organisms. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm production was seen more in polymicrobial organisms, 91.66 % (11/12). A high level of resistance to chlorine compounds was seen in biofilm-producing microorganisms, especially those that produced robust biofilms. Conclusion: Resistance of biofilms against high levels of chlorine has implications for the delivery of safe drinking water. Drug resistance was seen in these organisms, which can be transmitted from drinking water sources to humans. Therefore, it is recommended that biofilm production should be evaluated in drinking water samples regularly..J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):17-24.
{"title":"Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Biofilm-Producing Organisms Isolated from A Hospital Drinking Water","authors":"A. Bhasin, Manisha Jain, B. Mishra, P. Loomba, Abha Sharma, T. Aggrawal","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1265969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1265969","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Providing safe drinking water is essential for maintaining healthcare quality. The presence of biofilms in the water supply protects the organism from the antimicrobial effects of disinfectants leading to the formation of the MDR pathogen pool. Therefore, this study was taken up to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation in the bacteria isolated from the water system of a tertiary health care setup and study the effect of disinfectants on biofilms. \u0000Methods: Thirty-four drinking water samples were collected in sterile glass stopper bottles and transported to the lab. Standard bacteriological procedures identified isolates. Biofilm detection was carried out by the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. The effect of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite) at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %) on biofilm-producing organism were studied for 30 minutes and analyzed. \u0000Results: The culture positivity was 76.4% (26/34). Twenty samples showed monomicrobial growth, while only six samples showed polymicrobial growth of organisms. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm production was seen more in polymicrobial organisms, 91.66 % (11/12). A high level of resistance to chlorine compounds was seen in biofilm-producing microorganisms, especially those that produced robust biofilms. \u0000Conclusion: Resistance of biofilms against high levels of chlorine has implications for the delivery of safe drinking water. Drug resistance was seen in these organisms, which can be transmitted from drinking water sources to humans. Therefore, it is recommended that biofilm production should be evaluated in drinking water samples regularly..J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):17-24.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84222089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.1
Lynette Lennox, Jenny Heretini
Aim: To document retrospectively whether New Zealand (NZ) Māori have a higher incidence of health associated (HA)staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) with a vascular-access-device (VAD) compared to other ethnicities in Waikato District Health Board (WDHB). Methods: From the 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018, all ages of inpatients with a VAD HA-SAB in one District Health Board (DHB) were retrospectively studied. All data was obtained from the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) SAB records and analysed. Results: The study period of eleven years identified 311 VAD HA-SABs. The overall statistical hypothesis testing of VAD HA-SABs were P=0.175. A greater proportion of VAD HA-SABs occurred in the renal population at a rate of 35.7% (111). Renal representation of ethnic groups with a VAD HA-SAB were Non-NZ Māori 52.86% and Māori 47.14%. Peripheral VAD had greater percentage of incidence of VAD HA-SAB. Conclusions: Māori renal patients with VAD’s in WDHB experienced increased incidence of HA-SABs from 2008-2018 in comparison to other ethnic populations. Māori renal patients are 3 ½ times more likely to suffer VAD HA-SAB than Non-Māori patients. NZ data for VAD HA-SABS requires IPC teams to include ethnicity and provide a standardised, correct diagnosis of a VAD HA-SABS. NZ health strategies need to ask well directed questions in order to progress toward equitable health outcomes.
{"title":"Retrospective study of 311 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia with vascular access devices compared to ethnicity: Incidence in Waikato New Zealand from 2008-2018","authors":"Lynette Lennox, Jenny Heretini","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To document retrospectively whether New Zealand (NZ) Māori have a higher incidence of health associated (HA)staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) with a vascular-access-device (VAD) compared to other ethnicities in Waikato District Health Board (WDHB). Methods: From the 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018, all ages of inpatients with a VAD HA-SAB in one District Health Board (DHB) were retrospectively studied. All data was obtained from the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) SAB records and analysed. Results: The study period of eleven years identified 311 VAD HA-SABs. The overall statistical hypothesis testing of VAD HA-SABs were P=0.175. A greater proportion of VAD HA-SABs occurred in the renal population at a rate of 35.7% (111). Renal representation of ethnic groups with a VAD HA-SAB were Non-NZ Māori 52.86% and Māori 47.14%. Peripheral VAD had greater percentage of incidence of VAD HA-SAB. Conclusions: Māori renal patients with VAD’s in WDHB experienced increased incidence of HA-SABs from 2008-2018 in comparison to other ethnic populations. Māori renal patients are 3 ½ times more likely to suffer VAD HA-SAB than Non-Māori patients. NZ data for VAD HA-SABS requires IPC teams to include ethnicity and provide a standardised, correct diagnosis of a VAD HA-SABS. NZ health strategies need to ask well directed questions in order to progress toward equitable health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86178298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.6
Therese Mary Dhason, T. Ravinder, U. Krishnan, Pavithra Ammanarasimman, Lavanya. T. Kamalasekaran, Amutha Chellaiah
Background: Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei with diverse clinical manifestations. Mortality is due to septic shock and pneumonia. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative rod with bipolar staining. Culture is the gold standard diagnostic test. Gram stain, biochemical reactions, and Poymyxin resistance aid in the identification of the organism. Case Description: A 52-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus was hospitalized for a chronic cough. A sputum sample was collected for Culture and Acidfast staining. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated and the patient was prescribed appropriate antibiotic. On the 15th day of admission, patient expired following a bout of hemoptysis despite antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Culture is the gold standard diagnostic method in melioidosis. Burholderia pseudomallei can be easily differentiated from other organisms by Gram stain, methylene blue stain, and screening for polymyxin sensitivity. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are warranted in melioidosis.
{"title":"A case of melioidosis with hemoptysis: Strategies to isolate and identify Burkholderia pseudomallei","authors":"Therese Mary Dhason, T. Ravinder, U. Krishnan, Pavithra Ammanarasimman, Lavanya. T. Kamalasekaran, Amutha Chellaiah","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei with diverse clinical manifestations. Mortality is due to septic shock and pneumonia. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative rod with bipolar staining. Culture is the gold standard diagnostic test. Gram stain, biochemical reactions, and Poymyxin resistance aid in the identification of the organism. Case Description: A 52-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus was hospitalized for a chronic cough. A sputum sample was collected for Culture and Acidfast staining. Burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated and the patient was prescribed appropriate antibiotic. On the 15th day of admission, patient expired following a bout of hemoptysis despite antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Culture is the gold standard diagnostic method in melioidosis. Burholderia pseudomallei can be easily differentiated from other organisms by Gram stain, methylene blue stain, and screening for polymyxin sensitivity. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are warranted in melioidosis.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91420297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.2
Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin, H. Ogefere, R. Omoregie, J. Igunma
Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) causing clinical infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: Gram negative bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens of patients admitted at the ICU of the hospital during the study period were identified using Microbact 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility tests carried out. Carbapenem resistant isolates were thereafter screened phenotypically for carbapenemase production, CPOs were subsequently screened using PCR for the following genes; NDM, VIM, KPC and OXA-48-like. Results: A total of 64 clinical specimens were received during the study period. Of this number, 26 (40.6%) were culture positive for Enterobacterales (21.9%) and non-fermenters (18.8%). Amikacin showed the best susceptibility profile with 81.5% overall activity against all isolates, the carbapenems showed moderate activity with 66.7% while the third generation cephalosporins were poorly active (37%) against all bacterial isolates. Carbapenemase activity was observed in 9 isolates (14.1%), one isolate of E. cloacae was VIM positive while 62.5% and 25% of CP-P. aeruginosa were NDM and VIM positive respectively. Conclusion: Carbapenemase-producing-P. aeruginosa was the leading cause of infections among ICU patients in Benin City, Nigeria. There is therefore need for surveillance, IPC measures and adherence of antimicrobial stewardship guidelines at institutional and national levels.
{"title":"Prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms among patients admitted to intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Benin city, Nigeria","authors":"Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin, H. Ogefere, R. Omoregie, J. Igunma","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) causing clinical infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: Gram negative bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens of patients admitted at the ICU of the hospital during the study period were identified using Microbact 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility tests carried out. Carbapenem resistant isolates were thereafter screened phenotypically for carbapenemase production, CPOs were subsequently screened using PCR for the following genes; NDM, VIM, KPC and OXA-48-like. Results: A total of 64 clinical specimens were received during the study period. Of this number, 26 (40.6%) were culture positive for Enterobacterales (21.9%) and non-fermenters (18.8%). Amikacin showed the best susceptibility profile with 81.5% overall activity against all isolates, the carbapenems showed moderate activity with 66.7% while the third generation cephalosporins were poorly active (37%) against all bacterial isolates. Carbapenemase activity was observed in 9 isolates (14.1%), one isolate of E. cloacae was VIM positive while 62.5% and 25% of CP-P. aeruginosa were NDM and VIM positive respectively. Conclusion: Carbapenemase-producing-P. aeruginosa was the leading cause of infections among ICU patients in Benin City, Nigeria. There is therefore need for surveillance, IPC measures and adherence of antimicrobial stewardship guidelines at institutional and national levels.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"13 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.10
Gashaw Solela, Alazar Sitotaw
Background: Cutaneous lesions account for less than 2% of all extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). Metastatic tuberculous abscesses (tuberculous gummas), uncommon forms of cutaneous TB, typically result from the bacillus spreading hematogenously from the main site of infection to the subcutaneous tissue when the body's cell mediated immunity is compromised and present with one or more non-tender and fluctuant subcutaneous nodules. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male presented with dry cough of one month duration associated with loss of appetite, easy fatigability and vomiting of ingested matter. He had left armpit and lower back skin swellings of similar duration. Physical findings were remarkable for whitish coat over the dorsal part of the tongue, crepitation over the lower two-third of bilateral posterior chest, and non-tender fluctuant masses over the left axilla and lower back region. Chest X-ray revealed multiple bilateral air space nodules and abdominopelvic U/S showed numerous hypoechoic splenic lesions. Urine lipoarabinomannan and Xpert MTB/RIF (mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin) assay from the axillary skin abscess were positive for MTB. He was started on anti-tuberculous therapy and showed marked improvement after a month of follow up. Conclusion: It is worth considering the uncommon manifestations of tuberculosis including metastatic skin abscesses in the appropriate clinical context, to avoid misdiagnosis and underreporting in high tuberculosis burden countries. We strongly advise the utilization of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and/or urine lipoarabinomannan for the diagnosis of different forms of tuberculosis including cutaneous TB in HIV positive patients, especially in the absence of sputum for microbiologic tests, like in our patient
{"title":"Uncommon manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis with metastatic skin abscesses in an immunocompromised adult patient: A case report","authors":"Gashaw Solela, Alazar Sitotaw","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cutaneous lesions account for less than 2% of all extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). Metastatic tuberculous abscesses (tuberculous gummas), uncommon forms of cutaneous TB, typically result from the bacillus spreading hematogenously from the main site of infection to the subcutaneous tissue when the body's cell mediated immunity is compromised and present with one or more non-tender and fluctuant subcutaneous nodules. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male presented with dry cough of one month duration associated with loss of appetite, easy fatigability and vomiting of ingested matter. He had left armpit and lower back skin swellings of similar duration. Physical findings were remarkable for whitish coat over the dorsal part of the tongue, crepitation over the lower two-third of bilateral posterior chest, and non-tender fluctuant masses over the left axilla and lower back region. Chest X-ray revealed multiple bilateral air space nodules and abdominopelvic U/S showed numerous hypoechoic splenic lesions. Urine lipoarabinomannan and Xpert MTB/RIF (mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin) assay from the axillary skin abscess were positive for MTB. He was started on anti-tuberculous therapy and showed marked improvement after a month of follow up. Conclusion: It is worth considering the uncommon manifestations of tuberculosis including metastatic skin abscesses in the appropriate clinical context, to avoid misdiagnosis and underreporting in high tuberculosis burden countries. We strongly advise the utilization of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and/or urine lipoarabinomannan for the diagnosis of different forms of tuberculosis including cutaneous TB in HIV positive patients, especially in the absence of sputum for microbiologic tests, like in our patient","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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